The primates of Colombia include 41 extant species in 13 genera and five families.[1][2][3][4] Additionally, 12 fossil species in 10 genera and five families have been identified in Colombia, mainly at the La Venta Lagerstätte of the Honda Group, mostly from the so-called "Monkey Unit", "Monkey Beds" or "Monkey Locality",[5] the richest site for fossil primates in South America.[6] As of 2013, of the 30 fossil primate species found in South America dating to the Late Oligocene (26 Ma) to the Pleistocene, twelve are described from the Honda Group. The genera Branisella, Caipora, Carlocebus, Chilecebus, Dolichocebus, Homunculus, Killikaike, Mazzonicebus, Proteropithecia, Protopithecus, Soriacebus, Szalatavus and Tremacebus have been discovered in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador and Peru and are not known from Colombia. Additionally, Antillothrix, Insulacebus (both Hispaniola), Paralouatta (Cuba) and Xenothrix (Jamaica) were restricted to the Caribbean.[7] The discovery of Perupithecus, described in 2015 from the Late Eocene (35-36 Ma) Santa Rosa fauna in the Yahuarango Formation of the Peruvian Amazon, pushes back the evolutionary lineage of New World primates.[8]
Extant primates
Fossil primates
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Defler, 2004, p.84
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Defler, 2004, p.85
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Defler, 2004, p.86
- ^ "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species".
- ^ Monkey Locality in the Paleobiology Database
- ^ Rosenberger & Hartwig, 2001, p.3
- ^ Tejedor, 2013, pp.34–35
- ^ Bond et al., 2015, p.540
- ^ Hernández-Camacho's night monkey range - IUCN Red List
- ^ Stevenson, P.R.; Link, A.; Guzmán-Caro, D.C. (2021). "Lagothrix lagothricha ssp. lugens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39926A192308084. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39926A192308084.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ Juruá Howler range - IUCN Red List
- ^ Ursine Howler range - IUCN Red List
- ^ a b c d e f Mittermeier, Russell A. & Rylands, Anthony B. (2013). Mittermeier, Russell A.; Rylands, Anthony B.; Wilson, Don E. (eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Volume 3, Primates. Lynx. pp. 407–413. ISBN 978-8496553897.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Mittermeier, Russell A. & Rylands, Anthony B. (2013). Mittermeier, Russell A.; Rylands, Anthony B.; Wilson, Don E. (eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Volume 3, Primates. Lynx. pp. 391–396. ISBN 978-8496553897.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Large-headed capuchin range - IUCN Red List
- ^ Link, A.; Boubli, J.P.; Lynch, J.W. (2021). "Cebus cesarae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T4082A195995295. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T4082A195995295.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ Link, A.; Boubli, J.P.; Lynch Alfaro, J.W. (2020). "Cebus malitiosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T4084A81282214. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T4084A81282214.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ Link, A.; Boubli, J.P.; Lynch Alfaro, J.W. (2021). "Cebus versicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39952A81282279. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39952A81282279.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ Defler, Thomas R.; Bueno, Marta; Garcia, Javier (2010). "Callicebus caquetensis: A New and Critically Endangered Titi Monkey from Southern Caquetá, Colombia". Primate Conservation. 25: 1–9. doi:10.1896/052.025.0101. S2CID 83583912. 136211.
- ^ Setoguchi & Rosenberger, 1988
- ^ Aotus dindensis in the Paleobiology Database
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Tejedor, 2013, p.22
- ^ Takai et al., 2001
- ^ Miocallicebus villaviejai in the Paleobiology Database
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Croft, 2007, p.301
- ^ Stirtonia tatacoensis in the Paleobiology Database
- ^ Setoguchi, 1985
- ^ Stirtonia victoriae in the Paleobiology Database
- ^ Lagonimico conclucatus in the Paleobiology Database
- ^ Defler, 2004, p.32
- ^ Micodon kiotensis in the Paleobiology Database
- ^ Patasola magdalenae in the Paleobiology Database
- ^ Rosenberger et al., 1991
- ^ Neosaimiri annectens in the Paleobiology Database
- ^ Neosaimiri fieldsi in the Paleobiology Database
- ^ Organ & Lemelin, 2011
- ^ Cebupithecia sarmientoi in the Paleobiology Database
- ^ Meldrum & Kay, 1997
- ^ Nuciruptor rubricae in the Paleobiology Database
Bibliography
- Bond, Mariano; Tejedor, Marcelo F.; Campbell Jr., Kenneth E.; Chornogubsky, Laura; Novo, Nelson; Goin, Francisco (2015), "Eocene primates of South America and the African origins of New World monkeys", Nature, 520 (7548): 538–546, Bibcode:2015Natur.520..538B, doi:10.1038/nature14120, hdl:11336/79088, PMID 25652825, S2CID 4456556
- Croft, Darin A (2007), "The Middle Miocene (Laventan) Quebrada Honda Fauna, southern Bolivia and a description of its Notoungulates", Palaeontology, 50: 277–303, doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00610.x
- Defler, Thomas (2004), Historia natural de los primates colombianos (PDF), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, pp. 1–613, retrieved 2017-09-24
- Kay, Richard F (1994), ""Giant" tamarin from the Miocene of Colombia", Physical Anthropology, 95 (3): 333–353, doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330950305, PMID 7856767
- Meldrum, D.J.; Kay, R.F. (1997), "Nuciruptor rubricae, a new pitheciin seed predator from the Miocene of Colombia", American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 102 (3): 407–427, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199703)102:3<407::AID-AJPA8>3.0.CO;2-R, PMID 9098507, retrieved 2017-09-24
- Organ, Jason M.; Lemelin, Pierre (2011), "Tail Architecture and Function of Cebupithecia sarmientoi, a Middle Miocene Platyrrhine from La Venta, Colombia", The Anatomical Record, 294 (12): 2013–2023, doi:10.1002/ar.21504, PMID 22042718
- Rosenberger, Alfred L.; Hartwig, Walter Carl (2001), "New World Monkeys" (PDF), Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, _: 1–4, retrieved 2017-09-24
- Rosenberger, A.L.; Setoguchi, T.; Hartwig, W.C. (1991), "Laventiana annectens, new genus and species: fossil evidence for the origins of callitrichine New World monkeys", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 88 (6): 2137–2140, Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.2137R, doi:10.1073/pnas.88.6.2137, PMC 51184, PMID 1900937
- Setoguchi, Takeshi; Rosenberger, Alfred L. (1988), "A fossil owl monkey from La Venta, Colombia" (PDF), Kyoto University Overseas Research Reports of New World Monkeys, 6 (6114): 1–6, Bibcode:1987Natur.326..692S, doi:10.1038/326692a0, hdl:2433/199638, PMID 3561511, S2CID 1420818, retrieved 2017-09-24
- Setoguchi, T (1985), "Kondous laventicus, a new ceboid primate from the Miocene of the La Venta, Colombia, South America", Folia Primatol, 44 (2): 96–101, doi:10.1159/000156200, PMID 4043876
- Takai, Masanaru; Anaya, Federico; Suzuki, Hisashi; Shigehara, Nobuo; Setoguchi, Takeshi (2001), "A New Platyrrhine from the Middle Miocene of La Venta, Colombia, and the Phyletic Position of Callicebinae", Anthropological Science, 109 (4): 289–307, doi:10.1537/ase.109.289, retrieved 2017-09-24
- Tejedor, Marcelo F (2013), "Sistemática, evolución y paleobiogeografía de los primates Platyrrhini" (PDF), Revista del Museo de La Plata, 20: 20–39, retrieved 2017-09-24
- Wheeler, Brandon (2010), "Community ecology of the Middle Miocene primates of La Venta, Colombia: the relationship between ecological diversity, divergence time, and phylogenetic richness" (PDF), Primates, 51 (2): 131–138, doi:10.1007/s10329-009-0181-y, PMID 20037832, S2CID 2232287