South American land mammal age

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Locations of SALMA type localities

Pleistocene ages

Pliocene ages

Miocene ages

Oligocene ages

Eocene ages

Paleocene ages

The South American land mammal ages (SALMA) establish a geologic timescale for prehistoric South American fauna beginning 64.5 Ma during the Paleocene and continuing through to the Late Pleistocene (0.011 Ma). These periods are referred to as ages, stages, or intervals and were established using geographic place names where fossil materials where obtained.^[1]

The basic unit of measurement is the first/last boundary statement. This shows that the first appearance event of one taxon is known to predate the last appearance event of another. If two taxa are found in the same fossil quarry or at the same stratigraphic horizon, then their age-range zones overlap.

Background

South America was an island continent for much of the Cenozoic, or the "Age of Mammals". As a result, its mammals evolved in their own unique directions, as Australia and Madagascar still have today.

Paleogeographic timeline

A simplified paleogeographic timeline of South America:^[2]

66 Ma – South America was connected to both North America and Antarctica. Soon after this point, it lost its connection to North America.
66–50 Ma – Tiupampan to Casamayoran - South America was connected to Antarctica which, in turn, was connected to Australia. The Antarctica–Australia connection was lost around the end of this interval or perhaps as much as 15 million years later.
50–34 Ma – Casamayoran to Tinguirirican - South America was connected to Antarctica, which was not yet covered by ice.
34 Ma – Tinguirirican - South America and Antarctica became detached and glaciations started to form in Antarctica.
34–9 Ma – Tinguirirican to Chasicoan - South America had no land connections to any other continent.
9–3 Ma – Huayquerian to Chapadmalalan - islands formed between South and North America. A complete Isthmus of Panama most likely formed near the end of this interval, leading to the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI).
3 Ma to present – Uquian to Holocene - the land connection between South and North America is established and migration between the formerly separated continents occurs. Significantly higher rates of extinction due to climatic changes occur in South America compared to North America, resulting in an asymmetrical exchange of species between the continents. North American originating taxa diversify significantly in South America during this period.^[3] It was previously believed this asymmetry was due to the main migrational route being from north to south, rather than the opposite way.
Pleistocene – the glacials and interglacials of the Pleistocene caused drastic eustatic sea level changes, widening and narrowing the land bridge at the 'bottleneck' of Panama. As a side-effect, the vegetation changed during this period of strong climatic changes.
Late Pleistocene – the earliest humans arrived in South America and settled in various parts of the continent. Evidence for cohabitation with the latest Pleistocene megafauna has been found at multiple locations, such as Monte Verde in coastal Chile and Tibitó on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in Colombia.

The paleogeographical history of South America, with the separation from Africa and Antarctica

Definitions

Cenozoic fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South America

The following formations have provided vertebrate, insect or plant fossils, formations with other invertebrates are excluded:

Fossil content

Notes and references

Notes

^ Former name of Ituzaingó Formation
^ Former name of Cerro Azul Formation
^ In later research considered part of the Camacho Formation^[97]

References

^ Flynn & Swisher, 1995
^ Darin A. Croft - South American Fossil Mammals
^ Carrillo, Juan D.; Faurby, Søren; Silvestro, Daniele; Zizka, Alexander; Jaramillo, Carlos; Bacon, Christine D.; Antonelli, Alexandre (2020-10-20). "Disproportionate extinction of South American mammals drove the asymmetry of the Great American Biotic Interchange". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (42): 26281–26287. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11726281C. doi:10.1073/pnas.2009397117. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 7585031. PMID 33020313.
^ Blasi et al., 2010, p.88
^ Fucks et al., 2011, p.110
^ Quebrada Agua Blanca at Fossilworks.org
^ Mapa Geológico del Paraguay, 1986, p.42
^ Filí, 2001, p.28
^ a b c d López Mendoza et al, 2010, p.22
^ Alvarenga et al., 2010, p.230
^ Martínez & Ubilla, 2009, p.211
^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.89
^ Zurita et al., 2009, p.279
^ Soibelzon et al., 2010, p.315
^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.30
^ Villarroel et al., 1989, p.120
^ Córdova Aguilar, 2009, p.74
^ Combina & Sánchez, 2003, p.126
^ Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.643
^ Pardiñas & Galliari, 1998, p.18
^ Córdova Aguilar, 2009, p.75
^ Páramo & Escobar, 2010, p.52
^ a b Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.72
^ Brambilla & Ibarra
^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.143
^ Córdova Aguilar, 2009, p.76
^ Isla et al., 2015, p.245
^ Oliveira et al., 2005, p.216
^ Villarroel et al., 2001, p.90
^ Martínez & Ubilla, 2009, p.212
^ a b Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.642
^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.41
^ Kerber et al., 2014, p.250
^ a b c d e Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.639
^ Tonni et al., 1999, p.277
^ Picasso & Degrange, 2009, p.429
^ Agnolin, 2006
^ Buchmann et al., 2009, p.9
^ Granadino, 2012, p.18
^ a b Isla et al., 2015, p.236
^ a b c d e f Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.640
^ a b Reguero & Candela, 2008, p.291
^ a b Orgeira, 1988, p.26
^ Franco et al., 2013, p.41
^ Erra et al., 2016, p.65
^ a b c d e f Le Roux et al., 2016, p.46
^ Segovia, 2014, p.142
^ Renner & Velasco, 2000, p.26
^ a b Castro et al., 2014, p.5
^ a b c d e f Moreno et al., 2015, p.7
^ Olivares et al., 2012, p.200
^ Elissamburu et al., 2011, p.228
^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.257
^ a b c d Muruaga, 2001, p.30
^ Zamorano, 2013, p.284
^ a b c d e Le Roux et al., 2006, p.49
^ Carillo Briceño et al., 2013, p.194
^ Chávez, 2008
^ a b c d e f g Brand et al., 2011
^ a b c d e f g Solíz Mundaca, 2018, p.14
^ a b Cerdeño et al., 2008, p.225
^ a b Rinderknecht & Noriega, 2002, p.185
^ Ciccioli, 2017, p.72
^ Agnolin et al., 2014, p.20
^ Albino et al., 2009, p.79
^ Bogan & Agnolin, 2009, p.193
^ Nasif et al., p.101
^ Gutiérrez & Mon, 2004
^ Di Celma & Cantalamessa, 2007
^ a b Cerdeño et al., 2012
^ a b Quijano Ballesteros, 2005, p.19
^ Bonini, 2014, p.58
^ a b c d e f g h i j Antoine et al., 2016, p.56
^ a b Castro Medina, 2010, p.58
^ Romero Carrasco, 2017, p.8
^ a b c d Finger et al., 2007, p.13
^ Ramírez Parrales, 2013, p.52
^ a b c Reguero et al., 2015, p.60
^ Mendi & Rodríguez, 2005, p.19
^ a b Cione et al., 2005, p.57
^ a b Tófalo & Morrás, 2009, p.683
^ a b c d Pérez, 2012, p.11
^ a b Cozzuol, 2006, p.190
^ Forasiepi et al., 2011, p.136
^ Garrido et al., 2017, p.54
^ Verde, 2002, p.21
^ a b Goin et al., 2000, p.101
^ a b c Verzi et al., 2008, p.146
^ Morton & Herbst, s.a., p.1
^ Cerdeño et al., 2019, p.12
^ Czaplewski & Campbell, 2017
^ Frailey, 1986, p.4
^ García López & Barbot, 2015, p.315
^ Franco et al., 2013, p.44
^ a b c d e Vezzosi, 2015, p.27
^ Kiyu Formation at Fossilworks.org
^ Verde, 2002, p.20
^ a b Romero et al., 1998, p.60
^ Pujos et al., 2012, p.2
^ a b c d e f g Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.636
^ Córdova Aguilar, 2009, p.26
^ Morton & Herbst, 2007, p.154
^ Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.637
^ a b c d Martín Pérez, 2013, p.51
^ Brea et al., 2013, p.28
^ a b c d e f Wesselingh et al., 2006, p.304
^ González & Abascal, 2012, p.129
^ Baldellón et al., 1994, p.241
^ Marshall & Sempere, 1991
^ Brandoni et al., 2012, p.10
^ a b c d Linares, 2004, p.16
^ Deschamps et al., 2009, p.296
^ a b Acosta Hospitaleche et al., 2007, p.301
^ Escosteguy et al., 2003
^ a b c d e f Reichler, 2010, p.181
^ García et al., 1999, p.251
^ a b Hernández et al., 2002, p.5
^ Villarroel et al., 1996, p.54
^ a b Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.635
^ a b Forasiepi et al., 2011, p.149
^ Penín & Villarroel, 2005, p.138
^ a b c d e Utgé et al., 2009
^ a b c d Cerdeño & Guiomar, 2007, p.201
^ Simpson, 1947, p.2
^ Villarroel & Clavijo, 2005, p.348
^ Linares, 2004, p.5
^ Escosteguy & Franchi, 2010, p.422
^ Dalla Salda & Franzese, 1987, p.7
^ Croft et al., 2016, p.2
^ Marshall, 1990
^ Marshall & Salinas, 1990
^ a b c d e De la Cruz, 2008, p.53
^ a b c d Solíz Mundaca, 2018, p.13
^ Paolillo & Linares, 2007, p.2
^ Acosta Hospitaleche et al., 2018, p.442
^ Acosta Hospitaleche et al., 2013, p.491
^ a b Rincón et al., 2016, p.19
^ Vizcaíno et al., 2012
^ a b c d Pérez Panera, 2010, p.52
^ Mendi & Rodríguez, 2005, p.20
^ a b Johnson, 2009, p.60
^ a b Dal Molín & Colombo, 2003, p.140
^ Horovitz & Sánchez Villagra, 2012, p.145
^ Croft et al., 2007, p.781
^ Kramarz, 2001, p.10
^ a b c d e f Dozo et al., 2014, p.241
^ a b c d e f Godoy et al., 2012
^ a b c d e f Muñoz et al., 2006
^ Veintimilla González, 2015, p.47
^ Kramarz et al., 2005
^ Kramarz et al., 2005, p.288
^ a b Acosta Hospitaleche, 2007, p.419
^ a b Náñez et al., 2009
^ Córdova Aguilar, 2009, p.24
^ De Araújo et al., 2010, p.207
^ a b c d e f Acosta & Tambussi, 2005, p.128
^ Agnolin, 2006, p.27
^ Combina & Nullo, 2011, p.201
^ Acosta et al., 2002, p.49
^ Castro Medina, 2010, p.55
^ Lorenzo et al., 2018, p.41
^ Bond et al., 1998, p.42
^ Tófalo & Morrás, 2009, p.680
^ Alván et al., 2017, p.56
^ Gómez et al., 2008, p.48
^ Billet et al., 2008, p.153
^ Le Roux et al., 2010, p.332
^ Conoce Nuestra Biodiversidad - Salla
^ Reguero & Cerdeño, 2005, p.674
^ Do Couto Ribeiro, 2010, p.88
^ a b c d e f g h Chacaltana et al., 2015, p.2
^ a b c d e f g h i Castro Medina, 2010, p.53
^ Gonçalves Pereira, 2015, p.124
^ Billet et al., 2010
^ Vizan et al., 2013
^ a b Otero et al., 2012
^ Castro Medina, 2010, p.56
^ Solíz Mundaca, 2018, p.12
^ Lorenzo et al., 2018, p.34
^ a b c Carlotto, 2016, p.522
^ Cerdeño & Guiomar, M2007, p.200
^ a b Tejedor et al., 2009, p.6
^ Clarke et al., 2003
^ a b Clarke et al., 2007, p.11545
^ a b Castro Medina, 2010, p.54
^ Solíz Mundaca, 2018, p.11
^ Ciancio et al., 2016, p.577
^ López & Bond, 1995, p.92
^ a b Wilf et al., 2005, p.634
^ Shelania at Fossilworks.org
^ Wilf et al., 2005
^ Campbell et al., 2014, p.13
^ Raigemborn et al., 2010, p.252
^ a b c d Bayona et al., 2012, p.103
^ Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.633
^ Mendes et al., 2015, p.28
^ Sedor et al., 2017, p.39
^ Escosteguy & Franchi, 2010, p.420
^ Hernández, 2003, p.47
^ Cadena & Schweitzer, 2014, p.461
^ Del Papa, 2006, p.314
^ a b c Narváez, 2009, p.24
^ Del Papa et al., 2013, p.59
^ Payrola Bosio et al., 2010, p.312
^ Raigemborn et al., 2010, p.240
^ Scarfati et al., 2009, p.36
^ a b Raigemborn et al., 2010, p.251
^ a b Quispe Alcalá, 2010, p.21
^ a b Gelfo & Goin, 2011
^ a b c d e f Clyde et al., 2014, p.303
^ a b Pol & Powell, 2011, S9
^ Oliveira & Goin, 2011
^ a b Jaramillo et al., 2007, p.168
^ Raigemborn et al., 2010, p.249
^ Sánchez & Marquillas, 2010, p.389
^ a b Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.54
^ a b Sempere et al., 1997, p.709
^ Goin et al., 2006
^ Carvalho et al., 2016, p.493
^ Arroyo Tapalque at Fossilworks.org
^ Paso Otero-Pardo at Fossilworks.org
^ Paso Otero-Verde at Fossilworks.org
^ a b Luján at Fossilworks.org
^ Laguna Las Encadenadas at Fossilworks.org
^ Quequén Salado - Indio Rico at Fossilworks.org
^ Vezzosi, 2015, pp.636-637
^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.899
^ Góis et al., 2012
^ Salado River, General Belgrano at Fossilworks.org
^ La Chumbiada at Fossilworks.org
^ Góis et al., 2015
^ La Plata (Ensenada) at Fossilworks.org
^ a b Graxaim at Fossilworks.org
^ a b El Breal de Orocual at Fossilworks.org
^ El Breal de Orocual2 at Fossilworks.org
^ a b 900 m SW of Punta Hermengo at Fossilworks.org
^ Machado et al., 2014
^ a b c Tarija at Fossilworks.org
^ Tarija-1 at Fossilworks.org
^ Ortiz et al., 2013
^ Esquina Blanca - Upper Unit at Fossilworks.org
^ Baliza Chica at Fossilworks.org
^ Vezzosi, 2015, pp.631-632
^ Arroyo Toropi-Level 3 at Fossilworks.org
^ Agnolin, 2006, p.93
^ Agnolin, 2006, p.83
^ Agnolin, 2006, p.84
^ Agnolin, 2006, p.86
^ Agnolin, 2006, p.88
^ Estación Anchorena at Fossilworks.org
^ Esquina Blanca - Middle Unit at Fossilworks.org
^ Charana at Fossilworks.org
^ Jalquincha 1 at Fossilworks.org
^ Left bank of La Ensenada Creek at Fossilworks.org
^ East Yauca at Fossilworks.org
^ 20 km west of Cochabamba at Fossilworks.org
^ a b Olivares & Verzi, 2015
^ Punta San Andrés at Fossilworks.org
^ Arroyo Tarariras at Fossilworks.org
^ Ayo Ayo tuff at Fossilworks.org
^ Arroyo Loberia at Fossilworks.org
^ 15 km N Mar del Plata at Fossilworks.org
^ Yauca at Fossilworks.org
^ Tonni & Noriega, 1996
^ Daza et al., 2012
^ Mar del Plata at Fossilworks.org
^ Bajada las Palomas at Fossilworks.org
^ First point north of Barranca de los Lobos, level III-IV at Fossilworks.org
^ Punta Martinez de Hoz, level III at Fossilworks.org
^ First bajada north of Canada Chapar at Fossilworks.org
^ Diamente Department at Fossilworks.org
^ Barbière et al., 2016
^ a b Los Sauces River at Fossilworks.org
^ Cantera Díaz Nogarol at Fossilworks.org
^ Castro et al., 2014
^ Vergel Member at Fossilworks.org
^ Playa Kiyu at Fossilworks.org
^ Sierra de Los Colorados at Fossilworks.org
^ Toro Negro at Fossilworks.org
^ Esquina Blanca - Lower Unit at Fossilworks.org
^ a b c Moreno et al., 2015, p.35
^ Amson et al., 2016, pp.3–15
^ Pérez et al., 2017
^ Degrange et al., 2015
^ Pérez Ben et al., 2019
^ Norte Casa Chiguaje at Fossilworks.org
^ Police Station 470062 at Fossilworks.org
^ Barbière et al., 2018
^ a b c d Monte Hermoso at Fossilworks.org
^ a b c Farola Monte Hermoso FI Facies at Fossilworks.org
^ a b Farola Monte Hermoso FM Facies at Fossilworks.org
^ Farola Monte Hermoso St Facies at Fossilworks.org
^ Farola Monte Hermoso Fcf Facies at Fossilworks.org
^ Farola Monte Hermoso at Fossilworks.org
^ Barrancas de Monte Hermoso at Fossilworks.org
^ Farola Monte Hermoso Fsc Facies at Fossilworks.org
^ Armella et al., 2018
^ Candela & Bonini, 2017
^ a b Santa Maria Valley Andalhuala Fm at Fossilworks.org
^ a b c Bahia Inglesa Unit 3 at Fossilworks.org
^ a b c Cuenca del Tiburón at Fossilworks.org
^ Casira Formation at Fossilworks.org
^ Carrillo et al., 2018
^ Casa el Jebe at Fossilworks.org
^ La Meseta at Fossilworks.org
^ Road to Tio Gregorio Locality at Fossilworks.org
^ Urumaco, Biozona 4 Loc 85-FC at Fossilworks.org
^ Mirandabradys Urumaco 03 at Fossilworks.org
^ 1.5 km Northwest of Cerro Chiguaje at Fossilworks.org
^ Coquimbo at Fossilworks.org
^ Bahia de Guayacan at Fossilworks.org
^ Bahia Herradura at Fossilworks.org
^ Corral Quemado at Fossilworks.org
^ La Paz, La Paz, Bolivia at Fossilworks.org
^ RHM Locality 4 at Fossilworks.org
^ a b El Yacural at Fossilworks.org
^ Remedios at Fossilworks.org
^ Punta Bermeja at Fossilworks.org
^ Arroyo La Petra at Fossilworks.org
^ Puerto Arazatí at Fossilworks.org
^ Pujos et al., 2016
^ Umala, La Paz, Bolivia at Fossilworks.org
^ Ayo Ayo at Fossilworks.org
^ Benson, 2015
^ Los Dedos, Pliocene at Fossilworks.org
^ La Cantera at Fossilworks.org
^ Chanaral de Aceituno at Fossilworks.org
^ Nicoli, 2015
^ Farola Monte Hermoso Neocavia at Fossilworks.org
^ CTA-42 at Fossilworks.org
^ CTA-59 at Fossilworks.org
^ Tongoy area Unit 11 at Fossilworks.org
^ Súa Member at Fossilworks.org
^ Punta la Gorda at Fossilworks.org
^ Punta la Colorada at Fossilworks.org
^ Puerta del Diablo at Fossilworks.org

Bibliography

SALMA

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Paleogene

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Pebas Wetlands

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Argentina

Paleogene

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Pleistocene

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Austral Basin

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Santa María-Hualfín Basin

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Santa Fe Province

Vezzosi, Raúl Ignacio (2015), Diversidad de los mamíferos del Pleistoceno de la Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina: aspectos taxonómicos, bioestratigráficos y paleobiogeográficos relacionados (PhD thesis) (PDF), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, pp. 1–913, retrieved 2018-09-11

Aconquija Formation

Armella, Matías A.; García López, Daniel A.; Dominguez, Lucía (2018), "A new species of Xotodon (Notoungulata, Toxodontidae) from northwestern Argentina", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 38 (1): e1425882, Bibcode:2018JVPal..38E5882A, doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1425882, hdl:11336/87945, retrieved 2019-02-11
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Agua de la Piedra Formation

Cerdeño, Esperanza; Reguero, Marcelo (2015), "The Hegetotheriidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) assemblage from the late Oligocene of Mendoza, central-western Argentina", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 35 (2): e907173, Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E7173C, doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.907173, retrieved 2015-02-13
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Combina, Ana María; Nullo, Francisco (2011), "Ciclos tectónicos, volcánicos y sedimentarios del Cenozoico del sur de Mendoza-Argentina (35-37° S y 69° 30'W)" (PDF), Andean Geology, 38: 198–218, retrieved 2018-09-11
Hernández Del Pino, Santiago; Seoane, Federico D.; Cerdeño, Esperanza (2017), "New postcranial remains of large toxodontian notoungulates from the late Oligocene of Mendoza, Argentina and their systematic implications" (PDF), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 62: 195–210, retrieved 2019-02-12
Seoane, Federico; Cerdeño, Esperanza (2014), "First extra-Patagonian record of Asmodeus Ameghino (Notoungulata, Homalodotheriidae) in the Late Oligocene of Mendoza Province, Argentina", Ameghiniana, 51 (5): 373–384, doi:10.5710/AMGH.07.07.2014.2735, retrieved 2019-02-12

Aisol Formation

Forasiepi, Analía M.; Cerdeño, Esperanza; Bond, Mariano; Schmidt, Gabriela I.; Naipauer, Maximiliano; Straehl, Fiona R.; Martinelli, Agustín G.; Garrido, Alberto C.; Schmitz and James L. Crowley, Mark D. (2015), "New toxodontid (Notoungulata) from the Early Miocene of Mendoza, Argentina", Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 89 (3): 611–634, Bibcode:2015PalZ...89..611F, doi:10.1007/s12542-014-0233-5, retrieved 2019-02-13
Forasiepi, Analía M.; Martinelli, Agustín G.; De la Fuente, Marcelo S.; Dieguez, Sergio; Bond, Mariano (2011), Paleontology and stratigraphy of the Aisol Formation (Neogene), San Rafael, Mendoza (PDF), Cenozoic Geology of the Central Andes of Argentina, SCS Publisher, Salta, pp. 135–154, retrieved 2017-10-01

Andalhuala Formation

Candela, Adriana M.; Bonini, Ricardo A. (2017), "A new guinea pig (Rodentia, Caviomorpha) from northwestern Argentina: Implications for the origin of the genus Cavia", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 37 (4): e1352591, Bibcode:2017JVPal..37E2591C, doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1352591, retrieved 2019-02-12

Andesitas Huancache Formation

Goin, Francisco J.; Tejedor, Marcelo F.; Chornogubsky, Laura; López, Guillermo M.; Gelfo, Javier N.; Bond, Mariano; Woodburne, Michael O.; Gurovich, Yamila; Reguero, Marcelo (2012), "Persistence of a Mesozoic, non-therian mammalian lineage (Gondwanatheria) in the mid-Paleogene of Patagonia", Naturwissenschaften, 99 (6): 449–463, Bibcode:2012NW.....99..449G, doi:10.1007/s00114-012-0919-z, PMID 22584426, retrieved 2019-02-15
Tejedor, Marcelo F. (2009), "New Early Eocene Mammalian Fauna from Western Patagonia, Argentina" (PDF), American Museum Novitates (3638): 1–43, doi:10.1206/577.1, retrieved 2018-09-11 Archived 2017-08-08 at the Wayback Machine

Arroyo Chasicó Formation

González Ruiz, Laureano R.; Scillato Yané, Gustavo J.; Krmpotic, Cecilia M.; Carlini, Alfredo A. (2012), "A new species of Peltephilidae (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Cingulata) from the late Miocene (Chasicoan SALMA) of Argentina" (PDF), Zootaxa, 3359: 55–64, retrieved 2019-02-15
Pérez, María Encarnación; Deschamps, Cecilia M.; Vucetich, María Guiomar (2018), "Diversity, phylogeny and biogeography of the South American 'cardiomyine' rodents (Hystricognathi, Cavioidea) with a description of two new species", Papers in Palaeontology, 4 (1): 1–19, Bibcode:2018PPal....4....1P, doi:10.1002/spp2.1095, retrieved 2019-02-12
Rasia, Luciano L.; Candela, Adriana M. (2016), "Lagostomus telenkechanum, sp. nov., a new lagostomine rodent (Caviomorpha, Chinchillidae) from the Arroyo Chasicó Formation (late Miocene; Buenos Aires Province, Argentina)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 37 (1): e1239205, doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1239205, retrieved 2019-02-12

Belgrano Formation

Agnolin, Federico (2006), "Dos nuevos Anatidae (Aves, Anseriformes) del Pleistoceno inferior-medio de Argentina", Stud. Geol. Salmant., 42: 81–95, retrieved 2017-10-02

Bororó Formation

Scarfati, L.; Melendi, D.L.; Volkheimer, W. (2009), "A Danian subtropical lacustrine palynobiota from South America (Bororó Formation, San Jorge Basin, Patagonia - Argentina)", Geologica Acta, 7: 35–61, retrieved 2018-09-10

Brochero Formation

Barbière, Franck; Cruz, Laura E.; Ortiz, Pablo E.; Pardiñas, Ulyses F. J. (2016), "A new genus of Sigmodontinae (Mammalia, Rodentia, Cricetidae) from the Pliocene of Central Argentina", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 36 (5): e1199557, Bibcode:2016JVPal..36E9557B, doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1199557, hdl:11336/36864, retrieved 2019-02-12
Zamorano, Martin (2013), "Diagnosis y nueva descripción de Propanochthus bullifer (Burmeister) (Xenarthra, Glyptodontidae). Consideraciones bioestratigráficas y cronológicas de su procedencia" (PDF), Spanish Journal of Palaeontology, 28 (2): 283–292, doi:10.7203/sjp.28.2.17860, retrieved 2018-09-10 Archived 2021-01-21 at the Wayback Machine

Casamayor Formation

Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno Superior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 67: 239–256, retrieved 2017-10-18
Raigemborn, María Sol (2008), Estudio estratigráfico, sedimentológico y composicional de las sedimentitas del Terciário inferior (Grupo Rio Chico) en el sector sudoriental del Chubut Extraandino (PhD thesis) (PDF), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, pp. 11–58, retrieved 2017-10-18

Cerro Azul Formation

Goin, F.J.; Montalvo, C.; Visconti, G. (2000), "Los marsupiales (Mammalia) del Mioceno superior de la Formación Cerro Azul (Provincia de La Pampa, Argentina)", Estudios Geológicos, 56 (1–2): 101–126, doi:10.3989/egeol.00561-2158, retrieved 2017-08-15
Madozzo Jaén, M. Carolina; Pérez, M. Encarnación; Montalvo, Claudia I.; Tomassini, Rodrigo L. (2018), "Systematic review of Neocavia from the Neogene of Argentina: Phylogenetic and evolutionary implications" (PDF), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 63 (2): 241–260, retrieved 2019-02-11
Sostillo, Renata; Montalvo, Claudia I.; Verzi, Diego H. (2014), "A new species of Reigechimys (Rodentia, Echimyidae) from the Late Miocene of central Argentina and the evolutionary pattern of the lineage", Ameghiniana, 51 (4): 284–294, doi:10.5710/AMGH.24.04.2014.2741, retrieved 2019-02-12

Cerro Bandera Formation

Kramarz, Alejandro G.; Bond, Mariano; Arnal, Michelle (2015), "Systematic description of three new mammals (Notoungulata and Rodentia) from the early Miocene Cerro Bandera Formation, northern Patagonia, Argentina", Ameghiniana, 52 (6): 585–597, doi:10.5710/AMGH.27.06.2015.2906, retrieved 2019-02-13
Kramarz, Alejandro; Garrido, Alberto; Forasiepi, Analía; Bond, Mariano; Tambussi, Claudia (2005), "Estratigrafia y vertebrados (Aves y Mammalia) de la Formación Cerro Bandera, Mioceno Temprano de la Provincia del Neuquén, Argentina", Revista Geológica de Chile, 32 (2): 273–291, doi:10.4067/S0716-02082005000200006, retrieved 2017-10-20

Chapadmalal Formation

Elissamburu, Andrea; Dondas, Alejandro; de Santis, Luciano (2011), "Morfometría de las paleocuevas de la "Fm." Chapadmalal y su asignación a Actenomys (Rodentia), Paedotherium (Notoungulata) y otros mamíferos fósiles hospedantes" (PDF), Mastozoología Neotropical, 18: 227–238, retrieved 2018-09-10
Oliva, Cristian; Zurita, Alfredo Eduardo; Dondas, Alejandro; Scillato Yané, Gustavo Juan (2010), "Los Glyptodontinae (Xenarthra, Glyptodontidae) del Piso/Edad Chapadmalalense (Plioceno tardío): revisión y aportes a su conocimiento" (PDF), Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 27: 112–120, retrieved 2018-09-10
Olivares, A. Itatí; Verzi, Diego H.; Guiomar Vucetich, M. (2012), "Definición del género Eumysops Ameghino 1888 (Rodentia, Echimyidae) y sistemática de las especies del Plioceno temprano de la Argentina central" (PDF), Ameghiniana, 49 (2): 198–216, doi:10.5710/AMGH.v49i2(450), retrieved 2018-09-10
Pérez Ben, Celeste M.; Gómez, Raúl O.; Báez, Ana M. (2019), "A new Pliocene true toad (Anura: Bufonidae): first record of an extinct species from South America", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 39 (1): e1576183, Bibcode:2019JVPal..39E6183P, doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1576183

Chichinales Formation

Agnolin, Federico L.; Chafrat, Pablo (2015), "New fossil bird remains from the Chichinales Formation (Early Miocene) of northern Patagonia, Argentina", Annales de Paléontologie, 101 (2): 87–94, Bibcode:2015AnPal.101...87A, doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2015.02.001, retrieved 2019-02-13
Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo; Paz, Ernesto Rodrigo (2013), "Un Hegetotheriidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) basal del Mioceno temprano de Patagonia" (PDF), Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 30: 186–195, retrieved 2017-10-20

Chiquimil Formation

Esteban, G.; Nasif, N.; Georgieff, S.M. (2014), "Cronobioestratigrafía del Mioceno tardío – Plioceno temprano, Puerta de Corral Quemado y Villavil, provincia de Catamarca, Argentina" (PDF), Acta Geológica Lilloana, 26: 165–192, retrieved 2018-09-10
Madozzo Jaén, María Carolina; Pérez, María Encarnación (2017), "The most ancient caviine rodent (Hystricognathi, Cavioidea) comes from the late Miocene of Northwest Argentina (South America)", Historical Biology, 29 (3): 376–383, Bibcode:2017HBio...29..376M, doi:10.1080/08912963.2016.1166360, hdl:11336/61885, retrieved 2019-02-12
Martínez, Leandro C.A.; Lutz, Alicia I. (2004), Estudios preliminares de la xiloflora de la Formación Chiquimil (Catamarca) (PDF), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste - Comunicaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, pp. 1–3, retrieved 2017-08-15
Mautino, Lilia R.; Anzótegui, Luisa M., Polen de la Formación Chiquimil, en la Localidad Vallecito (Mioceno Superior) Provincia de Catamarca (PDF), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, pp. 1–3, retrieved 2017-08-15
Morton, L.S.; Herbst, R., Gastrópodos (Orthalicidae) de la Formación Chiquimil (Mioceno) de Villavil, Provincia de Catamarca, Argentina (PDF), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, pp. 1–3, retrieved 2017-08-15

Collón Curá Formation

Abello, María Alejandra; Rubilar Rogers, David (2012), "Revisión del género Abderites Ameghino, 1887 (Marsupialia, Paucituberculata)", Ameghiniana, 49 (2): 164–184, doi:10.5710/AMGH.v49i2(408), retrieved 2019-02-15
Dalla Salda, Luis; Franzese, Juan (2014), "Las megaestructuras del Macizo y Cordillera Norpatagónica argentina y la génesis de las cuencas volcano-sedimentarias terciarias", Revista Geológica de Chile, 31: 3–13, retrieved 2018-09-04
Escosteguy, Leonardo; Franchi, Mario (2010), "Estratigrafía de la región de Chapelco, Provincia del Neuquén" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 66: 418–429, retrieved 2018-09-10
Nardoni, Bárbara Vera; Reguero, Marcelo; González Ruiz, Laureano (2017), "The Interatheriinae notoungulates from the middle Miocene Collón Curá Formation in Argentina", Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 62 (4): 845–863, retrieved 2019-02-12

Deseado Formation

Agnolin, Federico (2006), "Posición sistemática de algunas aves fororracoideas (Ralliformes: Cariamae) Argentinas", Revista del Museo de Ciencias Naturales, 8: 27–33, doi:10.22179/REVMACN.8.348, retrieved 2018-09-10
Forasiepi, Analía M.; Babot, M. Judith; Zimicz, Natalia (2014), "Australohyaena antiqua (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta), a large predator from the Late Oligocene of Patagonia", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 13 (6): 503–525, doi:10.1080/14772019.2014.926403, hdl:11336/59430, retrieved 2019-02-12

Divisadero Largo Formation

Simpson, G.G.; Minoprio, J.L.; Patterson, B. (1962), "The mammalian fauna of the Divisadero Largo Formation, Mendoza, Argentina", Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 127: 239–293, retrieved 2019-02-15

La Ensenada Formation

Góis, Flávio; González Ruiz, Laureano Raúl; Scillato Yané, Gustavo Juan; Soibelzon, Esteban (2015), "A Peculiar New Pampatheriidae (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Cingulata) from the Pleistocene of Argentina and Comments on Pampatheriidae Diversity", PLoS ONE, 10 (6): e0128296, Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1028296G, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128296, PMC 4470999, PMID 26083486
Picasso, Mariana B.J.; Degrange, Federico J. (2009), "El género Nothura (Aves, Tinamidae) en el Pleistoceno (Formación Ensenada) de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina", Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 26: 428–432, retrieved 2018-09-10
Tonni, E.P. (1999), "The Ensenada and Buenos Aires formations (Pleistocene) in a quarry near La Plata, Argentina" (PDF), Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 12 (3): 273–291, Bibcode:1999JSAES..12..273T, doi:10.1016/S0895-9811(99)00021-8, retrieved 2018-09-10

Las Flores Formation, Sierra del Tontal

Cerdeño, Esperanza; Pérez, María E.; Deschamps, Cecilia M.; Contreras, Víctor H. (2019), "A new capybara from the late Miocene of San Juan Province, Argentina, and its phylogenetic implications" (PDF), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 64: 1–14, retrieved 2019-02-11

Las Flores Formation, Golfo San Jorge Basin

Goin, F. J.; Candela, A.M.; Abello, M.A.; Oliveira, E.V. (2009), "Earliest South American paucituberculatans and their significance in the understanding of 'pseudodiprotodont' marsupial radiations", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 155 (4): 867–884, doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00471.x, retrieved 2019-02-15
Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno Superior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 67: 239–256, retrieved 2017-10-18
Ugalde, Raúl; Bostelmann, Enrique; Oyarzún, José Luis (2013), Stratigraphic review of the Las Flores Formation, Sierra Baguales, Última Esperanza Province, Magallanes, GeoSur Conference IV Viña del Mar, pp. 355–358, retrieved 2019-02-11

Fortín Tres Pozos Formation

Soibelzon, Leopoldo Héctor (2010), "Primer registro fósil de Procyon cancrivorus (G. Cuvier, 1798) (Carnivora, Procyonidae) en la Argentina" (PDF), Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 27: 313–319, retrieved 2018-09-03
Zurita, Alfredo Eduardo; Miño Boilini, Ángel Ramón; Carlini, Alfredo Armando; Iriondo, Martín; Alcaraz, María Alejandra (2009), "Paleontología del Chaco Oriental. Una nueva localidad con mamíferos fósiles pleistocenos en el río Bermejo (Formosa, Argentina)" (PDF), Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 26: 277–288, retrieved 2018-09-03 Archived 2018-09-04 at the Wayback Machine

Gaiman Formation

Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina (2007), "Revisión sistemática de Palaeospheniscus biloculata (Simpson) nov. comb. (Aves, Spheniscidae) de la Formación Gaiman (Mioceno Temprano), Chubut, Argentina", Ameghiniana, 44: 417–426, retrieved 2018-09-11
Viglino, Mariana; Buono, Mónica R.; Gutstein, Carolina S.; Cozzuol, Mario A.; Cuitiño, José I. (2018), "A new dolphin from the early Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina: Insights into the evolution of Platanistoidea in the Southern Hemisphere" (PDF), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 63 (2): 261–277, doi:10.4202/app.00441.2017, retrieved 2019-02-11

Geste Formation

Ciancio, Martín R; Herrera, Claudia; Aramayo, Alejandro; Payrola, Patricio; Babot, Judith (2016), "Diversity of cingulate xenarthrans in the middle–late Eocene of Northwestern Argentina" (PDF), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 61: 575–590, doi:10.4202/app.00208.2015, retrieved 2018-09-10
García López, D.A.; Babot, M.J. (2014), "Notoungulate faunas of north-western Argentina: new findings of early-diverging forms from the Eocene Geste Formation", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 13 (7): 557–579, doi:10.1080/14772019.2014.930527, retrieved 2019-02-12
López, Guillermo; Bond, Mariano (1995), "Un nuevo Notopithecinae (Notoungulata, Typotheria) del Terciario Inferior de la Puna argentina [A new Notopithecinae (Notoungulata, Typotheria) of Lower Tertiary from the argentinian Puna]", STVD. Geol. Salmant., 31: 87–99, retrieved 2018-09-10

Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation

Reichler, Valeria A (2010), "Estratigrafía y paleontología del Cenozoico marino del Gran Bajo y Salinas del Gualicho, Argentina, y descripción de 17 especies nuevas" (PDF), Andean Geology, 31: 177–219, retrieved 2018-09-11

Hernandarias Formation

Segovia, Román (2014), Micropaleontología del Cuaternario del sector austral del litoral, Argentina (PhD thesis) (PDF), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, pp. 1–372, retrieved 2019-02-12

Huayquerías Formation

Forasiepi, Analía M.; MacPhee, Ross D.E.; Hernández del Pino, Santiago; Schmidt, Gabriela I.; Amson, Eli; Grohé, Camille (2016), "Exceptional skull of Huayqueriana (Mammalia, Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) from the Late Miocene of Argentina: anatomy, systematics and paleobiological implications" (PDF), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 404: 1–76, doi:10.1206/0003-0090-404.1.1, retrieved 2018-10-01
Garrido, Alberto C.; Bonini, Ricardo; Barbeau, David L. (2017), Paleoambiente, edad y vertebrados de la Formación Huayquerías, Mioceno tardio, Provincia de Mendoza, Republica Argentina, XX Congreso Geológico Argentino, pp. 50–55, retrieved 2018-09-10

Huitrera Formation

Escosteguy, Leonardo; Franchi, Mario (2010), "Estratigrafía de la región de Chapelco, Provincia del Neuquén" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 66: 418–429, retrieved 2018-09-10

India Muerta Formation

García López, Daniel A.; Barbot, M. Judith (2015), "A late Miocene Argyrolagidae (Mammalia, Metatheria, Bonapartheriiformes) from northwestern Argentina", Ameghiniana, 52 (3): 314–323, doi:10.5710/AMGH.17.02.2015.2876, hdl:11336/50746, retrieved 2017-08-15

La Invernada Formation

Combina, Ana María; Sánchez, María Lidia (2003), "Análisis sedimentológico de la Formación La Invernada, Pleistoceno Tardío-Holoceno, pedemonte de las Sierras de Comechingones, Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina" (PDF), Revista Asociación Argentina de Sedimentología, 10: 123–135, retrieved 2019-02-12

Ituzaingó Formation

Brandoni, Diego (2014), "A new genus of Megalonychidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Late Miocene of Argentina", Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 17 (1): 33–42, doi:10.4072/rbp.2014.1.04, retrieved 2019-02-12
Franco, María Jimena; Brea, Mariana; Orfeo, Óscar; Zucol, Alejandro F. (2013), "La paleoflora de la Formación Ituzaingó, Argentina" (PDF), El Neógeno de la Mesopotamia argentina, Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial, 14: 41–55, retrieved 2017-08-15
Scillato Yané, Gustavo J.; Góis, Flávio; Zurita, Alfredo E.; Carlini, Alfredo A.; González Ruiz, Laureano R.; Krmpotic, Cecilia M.; Oliva, Cristian; Zamorano, Martín (2013), "Los Cingulata (Mammalia, Xenarthra) del "Conglomerado Osífero" (Miocene tardío) de la Formación Ituzaingó de Entre Ríos, Argentina" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina Publicación Especial, 14: 118–134, retrieved 2018-10-01

Koluel Kaike Formation

Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno inferior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 67: 239–256, retrieved 2017-08-15

Laguna Brava Formation

Vizán, H.; Geuna, S.; Melchor, R.; Bellosi, E.S.; Lagorio, S.L.; Vásquez, C.; Japas, M.S.; Ré, G.; Do Campo, M. (2013), "Geological setting and paleomagnetism of the Eocene red beds of Laguna Brava Formation (Quebrada Santo Domingo, northwestern Argentina)", Tectonophysics, 583: 105–123, Bibcode:2013Tectp.583..105V, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2012.10.026, hdl:11336/84532

Laguna del Hunco Formation

Wilf, Peter; Johnson, Kirk R.; Cúneo, N. Rubén; Smith, M. Elliot; Singer, Bradley S.; Gandolfo, Maria A. (2005), "Eocene Plant Diversity at Laguna del Hunco and Río Pichileufú, Patagonia, Argentina" (PDF), The American Naturalist, 135 (6): 634–650, doi:10.1086/430055, PMID 15937744, retrieved 2017-10-26

Lefipán Formation

Goin, Francisco & Rosendo Pascual, Marcelo F. Tejedor, Javier N. Gelfo, Michael O. Woodburne, Judd A. Case, Marcelo A. Reguero, Mariano Bond, Guillermo M. López, Alberto L. Cione, Daniel Udrizar Sautheir, Lucía Balarino, Roberto A. Scassos, Francisco A. Medina and María C. Ubaldón (2006), "The earliest Tertiary therian mammal from South America", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 26 (2): 505–510, doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[505:TETTMF]2.0.CO;2, retrieved 2017-10-26{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Leticia Formation

Clarke, J.A.; Olivero, E.B.; Puerta, P. (2003), "Description of the earliest fossil penguin from South America, and first Paleogene vertebrate locality of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina" (PDF), American Museum Novitates (3423): 1–18, doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2003)423<0001:DOTEFP>2.0.CO;2, hdl:11336/94973, retrieved 2019-02-20

Loma de Las Tapias Formation

Deschamps, Cecilia M.; Vieytes, Emma C.; Olivares, A. Itatí; Vucetich, María G. (2009), "Primer registro de Cardiatherium chasicoense (Rodentia, Hydrochoeridae) fuera del área pampeana (Argentina) y su valor bioestratigráfico", Ameghiniana, 46: 295–305, retrieved 2018-09-10
Mones, Álvaro (2014), "Contrerascynus, new name for Simpsonia Contreras, 1990 (Mammalia, Sparassodonta, Hathlyacynidae), non Rochebrune, 1904 (Bivalvia, Unionidae), non Baker, 1911 (Gastropoda, Lymnaeidae)" (PDF), Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 17 (3): 435–436, doi:10.4072/rbp.2014.3.12, retrieved 2019-02-12
Olivares, A. Itatí; Verzi, Diego H.; Contreras, Victor H.; Pessôa, Leila (2016), "A new Echimyidae (Rodentia, Hystricomorpha) from the late Miocene of southern South America", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 37 (1): e1239204, doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1239204, retrieved 2019-02-12

Luján Formation

Blasi, Adriana (2010), "Paleoambientes de la cuenca media del Río Luján (Buenos Aires, Argentina) durante el último periodo glacial (EIO 4-2)" (PDF), Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis, 17: 85–111, retrieved 2018-09-10
Fucks, Enrique; Blasi, Adriana; Carbonari, Jorge; Huarte, Roberto; Pisano, Florencia; Aguirre, Marina (2011), "Evolución geológica y geomorfológica de la cuenca del Río Areco, NE de la Provincia de Buenos Aires" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 68: 109–120, retrieved 2018-09-10

Lumbrera Formation

Deraco, Virginia; García López, Daniel A. (2015), "A new Eocene Toxodontia (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from northwestern Argentina", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 36 (1): e1037884, doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.1037884, retrieved 2019-02-13
Herrera, Claudia M. R.; Powell, Jaime E.; Esteban, Graciela I.; Del Papa, Cecilia (2017), "A New Eocene Dasypodid with Caniniforms (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from Northwest Argentina", Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 24 (3): 275–288, doi:10.1007/s10914-016-9345-x, retrieved 2019-02-12
Del Papa, Cecilia E (2006), "Estratigrafía y paleoambientes de la Formación Lumbrera, Grupo Salta, Noroeste argentino" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 61: 313–327, retrieved 2017-08-15

Maimará Formation

Abello, María Alejandra; De los Reyes, Martín; Candela, Adriana Magdalena; Pujos, François; Voglino, Damián; Mamani Quispe, Bernardino (2015), "Description of a new species of Sparassocynus (Marsupialia: Didelphoidea: Sparassocynidae) from the late Miocene of Jujuy (Argentina) and taxonomic review of Sparassocynus heterotopicus from the Pliocene of Bolivia", Zootaxa, 3937 (1): 147–160, doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3937.1.7, hdl:11336/48565, PMID 25947465, retrieved 2019-02-13
Bonini, Ricardo A.; Schmidt, Gabriela I.; Reguero, Marcelo A.; Cerdeño, Esperanza; Candela, Adriana M.; Solís, Natalia (2017), "First record of Toxodontidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from the late Miocene–early Pliocene of the southern central Andes, NW Argentina", Journal of Paleontology, 91 (3): 566–576, Bibcode:2017JPal...91..566B, doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.160, retrieved 2019-02-12
Pujos, François; Candela, Adriana; Galli, Claudia I.; Coiras, Beatriz L.; Reguero, Marcelo A.; de los Reyes, Martín; Abello, María Alejandra (2012), "The Scelidotherine Proscelidodon (Xenarthra: Mylodontidae) from the Late Miocene of Maimará (Northwestern Argentina, Jujuy Province)" (PDF), Ameghiniana, 49 (4): 668–674, doi:10.5710/AMGH.20.11.2012.593, retrieved 2018-10-01

Maíz Gordo Formation

Narváez, Paula Liliana (2009), Palinoestratigrafía, paleoambientes y cambios climáticos durante el Cretácico final y Paleógeno de la Cuenca del Grupo Salta, República Argentina (PhD thesis) (PDF), Universidad Nacional de Salta, pp. 1–229, retrieved 2017-10-18

Mariño Formation

Cerdeño, Esperanza; Vera, Bárbara; Combina, Ana María (2018), "A new early Miocene Mesotheriidae (Notoungulata) from the Mariño Formation (Argentina): Taxonomic and biostratigraphic implications", Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 88: 118–131, Bibcode:2018JSAES..88..118C, doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2018.06.016, hdl:11336/158508, retrieved 2019-02-11
Cerdeño, Esperanza; Guiomar Vucetich, M. (2007), "The first rodent from the Mariño Formation (Miocene) at Divisadero Largo (Mendoza, Argentina) and its biochronological implications" (PDF), Andean Geology, 34: 199–207, doi:10.5027/andgeoV34n2-a02, retrieved 2017-10-23

Mealla Formation

Sánchez, María Cristina; Marquillas, Rosa A. (2010), "Facies y ambientes del Grupo Salta (Cretácico-Paleógeno) en Tumbaya, Quebrada de Humahuaca, Provincia de Jujuy" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 67: 383–391, retrieved 2018-09-07

Miramar & San Andrés Formations

Gaudioso, P.J.; Gasparini, G.M.; Herbst, R.; Bárquez, R.M. (2017), "First record of the Neolicaphrium recens Frenguelli, 1921 (Mammalia, Litopterna) in the Pleistocene of Santiago del Estero Province, Argentina" (PDF), Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 57 (3): 23–29, doi:10.11606/0031-1049.2017.57.03, retrieved 2019-02-28
Isla, Federico; Taglioretti, Matías; Dondas, Alejandro (2015), "Revisión y nuevos aportes sobre la estratigrafía y sedimentología de los acantilados entre Mar de Cobo y Miramar, Provincia de Buenos Aires" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 72: 235–250, retrieved 2019-02-12
Olivares, A.I.; Verzi, D.H. (2015), "Systematics, phylogeny and evolutionary pattern of the hystricognath rodent Eumysops (Echimyidae) from the Plio–Pleistocene of southern South America", Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, 27 (8): 1042–1061, retrieved 2019-02-13

Monte Hermoso Formation

Agnolin, Federico L.; Bogan, Sergio; Tomassini, Rodrigo L.; Manera, Teresa (2014), "Nuevo Percichthyidae (Teleostei, Percoidei) del Plioceno temprano de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) y sus implicancias biogeográficas" (PDF), Revista del Museo de Ciencias Naturales, 16: 19–31, doi:10.22179/REVMACN.16.159, retrieved 2018-09-10
Albino, Adriana M.; Rodrigo, Tomassini; Brizuela, Santiago (2009), "Presencia del lagarto teiido Tupinambis en la FormaciónMonte Hermoso de Farola Monte Hermoso, sur de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina)", Ameghiniana, 46: 177–187, retrieved 2018-09-10
Barbière, Franck; Ortiz, Pablo E.; Pardiñas, Ulyses F.J. (2019), "The oldest sigmodontine rodent revisited and the age of the first South American cricetids", Journal of Paleontology, 93 (2): 368–384, Bibcode:2019JPal...93..368B, doi:10.1017/jpa.2018.74, retrieved 2019-02-11
Bogan, Sergio; Agnolin, Federico L. (2009), "Primer registro fósil de la familia Trichomycteridae (Teleostei: Siluriformes; Plioceno) en la Formación Monte Hermoso, Argentina" (PDF), Revista del Museo de Ciencias Naturales, 11: 193–198, doi:10.22179/REVMACN.11.259, retrieved 2018-09-10
Nicoli, Laura (2015), "New fossil species of the extant genus Lepidobatrachus (Anura, Ceratophryidae) from the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene of central Argentina", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 35 (5): e981636, Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E1636N, doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.981636, hdl:11336/46258, retrieved 2019-02-13

Monte León Formation

Náñez, Carolina; Quattrocchio, Mirta E.; Ruiz, Liliana (2009), "Palinología y micropaleontología de las Formaciones San Julián y Monte León (Oligoceno - Mioceno temprano) en el subsuelo de cabo Curioso, provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina", Ameghiniana, 46: 669–693, retrieved 2017-08-15

El Morterito Formation

Morton, Lourdes S.; Herbst, Rafael (2007), "Gastrópodos de la Formación El Morterito (Mioceno Superior), Valle del Cajón, provincia de Catamarca, Argentina", Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 9: 153–160, doi:10.22179/REVMACN.9.305, retrieved 2018-09-10

Palo Pintado Formation

Anzótegui, Luisa M.; Horn, Maricel Yarina (2011), "Megaflora de la Formación Palo Pintado (Mioceno Superior) Salta, Argentina Parte II" (PDF), Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 14 (3): 239–254, doi:10.4072/rbp.2011.3.04, retrieved 2017-10-22
Galli, Claudia Inés; Anzótegui, Luisa Matilde; Horn, Maricel Yanina; Morton, Lourdes Susana (2011), "Paleoambiente y paleocomunidades de la Formación Palo Pintado (Mioceno-Plioceno), Provincia de Salta, Argentina" (PDF), Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 28: 161–174, retrieved 2017-10-22
Reguero, Marcelo A.; Candela, Adriana M.; Galli, Claudia I.; Bonini, Ricardo; Voglino, Damián (2015), "A new Hypsodont Notoungulate (Hegetotheriidae, Pachyrukhinae) from the late Miocene of the Eastern Cordillera, Salta province, Northwest of Argentina" (PDF), Andean Geology, 42: 56–70, doi:10.5027/andgeoV42n1-a04, retrieved 2017-08-15

Paraná Formation

Brea, Mariana; Franco, María Jimena; Zucol, Alejandro F. (2013), "Paleoflora de la Formación Paraná (Mioceno Tardío), Cuenca Chaco-Paranaense, Argentina" (PDF), El Neógeno de la Mesopotamia argentina, Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial, 14: 41–55, retrieved 2018-09-03
Cione, Alberto Luis; Cabrera, Daniel Alfredo; Barla, María Julia (2012), "Oldest record of the Great White Shark (Lamnidae, Carcharodon; Miocene) in the Southern Atlantic" (PDF), Geobios, 45 (2): 167–172, Bibcode:2012Geobi..45..167C, doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2011.06.002, hdl:11336/139163, retrieved 2017-10-22^{[permanent dead link]}
Martín Pérez, Leandro (2013), Sistemática, tafonomía y paleoecología de los invertebrados de la Formación Paraná (Mioceno), Provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina (PhD thesis) (PDF), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, pp. 1–398, retrieved 2017-08-15

Peñas Coloradas Formation

Clyde, William C.; Wilf, Peter; Iglesias, Ari; Slingerland, Rudy L.; Bijl, Peter K.; Bralower, Timothy J.; Brinkhuis, Henk; Comer, Emily; Huber, Mauricio Ibañez Mejia, Brian R. Jicha, J. Marcelo Krause, Jonathan D. Schueth, Bradley S. Singer, María Sol Raigemborn, Mark D. Schmitz, Appy Sluijs, and María del Carmen Zamaloa, Brian T. (2014), "New age constraints for the Salamanca Formation and lower Río Chico Group in the western San Jorge Basin, Patagonia, Argentina: Implications for Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction recovery and land mammal age correlations" (PDF), GSA Bulletin, 126 (3–4): 289–306, Bibcode:2014GSAB..126..289C, doi:10.1130/B30915.1, retrieved 2017-08-15{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Archived 2018-08-10 at the Wayback Machine
Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno inferior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 67: 239–256, retrieved 2017-08-15

Pinturas Formation

Kramarz, Alejandro G.; Bond, Mariano (2005), "Los Litopterna (Mammalia) de la Formación Pinturas, Mioceno Temprano-Medio de Patagonia", Ameghiniana, 42: 611–625, retrieved 2017-08-15
Kramarz, Alejandro G (2001), Estudio de la fauna de roedores de la Formación Pinturas, Mioceno medio inferior de la Provincia de Santa Cruz (PhD thesis) (PDF), Universidad de Buenos Aires, pp. 1–300, retrieved 2017-08-15

Piquete Formation

González Bonorino, Gustavo; Abascal, Liliana del Valle (2012), "Orogénesis y drenaje en la región del Valle de Lerma (Cordillera Oriental, Salta, Argentina) durante Pleistoceno tardio" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 69: 127–141, retrieved 2018-10-01

Playa de Los Lobos Allo Formation

Degrange, Federico J.; Tambussi, Claudia P.; Taglioretti, Matías L.; Dondas, Alejandro; Scaglia, Fernando (2015), "A new Mesembriornithinae (Aves, Phorusrhacidae) provides new insights into the phylogeny and sensory capabilities of terror birds", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 35 (2): e912656, Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E2656D, doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.912656, retrieved 2019-02-13

Puerta del Diablo Formation

Cione, Alberto Luis; Casciotta, Jorge Rafael; Azpelicueta, María de las Mercedes; Barla, María Julia; Cozzuol, Mario Alberto (2005), "Peces marinos y continentales del Mioceno del área mesopotámica argentina. Edad y relaciones biogeográficas" (PDF), Insugeo, 14: 49–64, retrieved 2017-10-27

Puerto Madryn Formation

Acosta Hospitaleche, C.; Tambussi, C.; Donato, M.; Cozzuol, M. (2007), "A new Miocene penguin from Patagonia and its phylogenetic relationships" (PDF), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 52: 299–314, retrieved 2017-10-25
Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina (2003), "Paraptenodytes antarcticus (Aves: Sphenisciformes) en la Formación Puerto Madryn (Mioceno Tardío temprano), provincia de Chubut, Argentina [Paraptenodytes antarcticus (Aves: Sphenisciformes) in the Puerto Madryn Formation (early Late Mioceno), Chubut Province, Argentina]" (PDF), Española de Paleontología, 18: 179–183, retrieved 2018-09-11

Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation

Chornogubsky, Laura; Zimicz, A. Natalia; Goin, Francisco J.; Fernicola, Juan C.; Payrola, Patricio; Cárdenas, Magalí (2019), "New Palaeogene metatherians from the Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation at Los Cardones National Park (Salta Province, Argentina)", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 17 (7): 539–555, Bibcode:2019JSPal..17..539C, doi:10.1080/14772019.2017.1417333, retrieved 2018-10-01
García López, Daniel A.; Deraco, Virginia; Del Papa, Cecilia (2017), "Fossil mammals of the Quebrada de los Colorados Formation (late middle Eocene) at the locality of La Poma, Salta Province, Argentina", Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, 30 (4): 507–517, Bibcode:2018HBio...30..507G, doi:10.1080/08912963.2017.1299150, hdl:11336/63085, retrieved 2019-02-12
Del Papa, Cecilia (2013), "Relaciones estratigráficas de las formaciones Quebrada de Los Colorados y Angastaco (Paleógeno-Neógeno), Valles Calchaquíes, Salta (Argentina): Significado en el análisis de la cuenca del Grupo Payogastilla" (PDF), Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis, 20: 51–64, retrieved 2018-09-10
Payrola Bosio, Patricio Augusto; del Papa, Cecilia; Hongn, Fernando; Powell, Jaime (2010), "Estratigrafía del Valle de Luracatao (Valle Calchaquí, Noroeste Argentino): Nueva propuesta" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 67: 309–318, retrieved 2018-09-07

Río Chico Group

Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno inferior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 67: 239–256, retrieved 2017-08-15

Río Foyel Formation

Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina; Griffin, Miguel; Asensio, Marcos; Cione, Alberto Luis; Tambussi, Claudia (2013), "Middle Cenozoic penguin remains from the Patagonian Cordillera" (PDF), Andean Geology, 40: 490–503, retrieved 2017-10-26
Encinas, Alfonso; Folguera, Andrés; Bechis, Florencia; Finger, Kenneth L.; Zambrano, Patricio; Pérez, Felipe; Bernabé, Pablo; Tapia, Francisca; Riffo, Ricardo; Buatois, Luis; Orts, Darío; Nielsen, Sven N.; Valencia, Victor V.; Cuitiño, José; Oliveros, Verónica; De Girolamo Del Mauro, Lizet; Ramos, Victor A. (2018). "The Late Oligocene–Early Miocene Marine Transgression of Patagonia". The Evolution of the Chilean-Argentinean Andes. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 443–474. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67774-3_18. ISBN 978-3-319-67773-6.

Río Loro Formation

Pol, Diego; Powell, Jaime E. (2011), "A new sebecid mesoeucrocodylian from the Rio Loro Formation (Palaeocene) of north-western Argentina", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 163: S7–S36, doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00714.x

Río Mayo Formation

Escosteguy, Leonardo; Dal Molín, Carlos; Franchi, Mario; Guena, Silvena; Lapido, Omar; Genini, Adolfo (2003), Hoja Geológica 4772-II Lago Buenos Aires, Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales, Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino, pp. 1–80, retrieved 2018-09-10

Río Negro Formation

Pérez, Mariano (2012), Análisis paleoambiental del miembro superior de la Formación Río Negro (Mioceno-Plioceno de Patagonia septentrional): un ejemplo de interacción fluvio-eólica compleja (BSc. thesis) (PDF), Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, pp. 1–47, retrieved 2018-09-10

Río Quinto Formation

Cerdeño, Esperanza; Chiesa, Jorge; Ojeda, Guillermo (2008), "Presence of Oxyodontherium (Macraucheniidae, Litopterna)in the Río Quinto Formation, San Luis (Argentina)", Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 25 (2): 217–226, Bibcode:2008JSAES..25..217C, doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2007.06.004, retrieved 2017-08-15

Saladillo Formation

Brambilla, Luciano; Ibarra, Damián Alberto (2017), "A new species of Eutatus Gervais (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae) from the Late Pleistocene of the Northern Pampean Region, Argentina", Palaeontologia Electronica, 20 (1): Article number 20.1.13A, retrieved 2019-02-11

Salamanca Formation

Apesteguia, Sebastián; Gómez, Raúl O.; Rougier, Guillermo W. (2014), "The youngest South American rhynchocephalian, a survivor of the K/Pg extinction", Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281 (1792): 20140811, doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.0811, PMC 4150314, PMID 25143041
Bonaparte, J.F.; Morales, J. (1997), "Un primitico Notonychopidae (Litopterna) del paleoceno inferior de Punta Peligro, Chubut, Argentina" (PDF), Estudios Geológicos, 53 (5–6): 263–274, doi:10.3989/egeol.97535-6232, retrieved 2018-10-01
Clyde, William C.; Wilf, Peter; Iglesias, Ari; Slingerland, Rudy L.; Barnum, Timothy; Bijl, Peter K.; Bralower, Timothy J.; Brinkhuis, Henk; Comer, Brian T. Huber, Mauricio Ibañez Mejia, Brian R. Jicha, J. Marcelo Krause, Jonathan D. Schueth, Bradley S. Singer, María Sol Raigemborn, Mark D. Schmitz, Appy Sluijs, María del Carmen Zamaloa, Emily E. (2014), "New age constraints for the Salamanca Formation and lower Río Chico Group in the western San Jorge Basin, Patagonia, Argentina: Implications for Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction recovery and land mammal age correlations" (PDF), GSA Bulletin, 126 (3–4): 289–306, Bibcode:2014GSAB..126..289C, doi:10.1130/B30915.1, retrieved 2017-08-15{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Archived 2018-08-10 at the Wayback Machine
Jud, Nathan A.; Gandolfo, Maria A.; Iglesias, Ari; Wilf, Peter (2017), "Flowering after disaster: Early Danian buckthorn (Rhamnaceae) flowers and leaves from Patagonia", PLOS ONE, 12 (5): e0176164, Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1276164J, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176164, PMC 5425202, PMID 28489895
Ruiz, Daniela P.; Brea, Mariana; Raigemborn, M. Sol; Matheos, Sergio D. (2017), "Conifer woods from the Salamanca Formation (early Paleocene), Central Patagonia, Argentina: Paleoenvironmental implications", Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 76: 427–445, Bibcode:2017JSAES..76..427R, doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2017.04.006, hdl:11336/41178, retrieved 2019-02-14

Saldungaray Formation

Verzi, Diego H.; Montalvo, Claudia I.; Deschamps, Cecilia M. (2008), "Biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Late Miocene of central Argentina: Evidence from rodents and taphonomy", Geobios, 41 (1): 145–155, Bibcode:2008Geobi..41..145V, doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2006.09.005, retrieved 2017-08-15

Salicas Formation

Brandoni, Diego; Schmidt, Gabriela I.; Candela, Adriana M.; Noriega, Jorge I.; Brunetto, Ernesto; Fiorelli, Lucas E. (2012), "Mammals from the Salicas Formation (Late Miocene), La Rioja Province, Northwestern Argentina: Paleobiogeography, age and paleoenvironment" (PDF), Ameghiniana, 49 (3): 1–13, doi:10.5710/AMGH.v49i3(467), retrieved 2017-08-15

Santa Cruz Formation

Agnolin, Federico L (2009), Sistemática y Filogenia de las Aves Fororracoideas (Gruiformes, Cariamae) (PDF), Fundación de Historia Natural Felix de Azara, pp. 1–79, retrieved 2019-02-28
Arnal, M.; Vucetich, M.G. (2015), "Revision of the fossil rodent Acaremys Ameghino, 1887 (Hystricognathi, Octodontoidea, Acaremyidae) from the Miocene of Patagonia (Argentina) and the description of a new acaremyid", Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, 27 (1): 42–59, retrieved 2019-02-13
Bostelmann, J. Enrique; Le Roux, Jacobus P.; Vásquez, Ana; Gutiérrez, Néstor M.; Oyarzún, José Luis; Carreño, Catalina; Torres, Teresa; Otero, Rodrigo; Llanos, C. Mark Fanning, Francisco Hervé, Andrea (2013), "Burdigalian deposits of the Santa Cruz Formation in the Sierra Baguales, Austral (Magallanes) Basin: Age, depositional environment and vertebrate fossils" (PDF), Andean Geology, 40: 458–489, retrieved 2019-02-28{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Brea, Mariana; Zucol, Alejandro F.; Bargo, M. Susana; Fernicola, Juan Carlos; Vizcaíno, Sergio F. (2017), "First Miocene record of Akaniaceae in Patagonia (Argentina): a fossil wood from the early Miocene Santa Cruz formation and its palaeobiogeographical implications", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 183 (3): 334–347, doi:10.1093/botlinnean/bow014, retrieved 2019-02-28
Buffetaut, Éric (2016), "A reassessment of the giant birds Liornis floweri Ameghino, 1895 and Callornis giganteus Ameghino, 1895, from the Santacrucian (late Early Miocene) of Argentina", Palæovertebrata, 40 (2): e3, doi:10.18563/pv.40.2.e3, retrieved 2019-02-28
Cenizo, Marcos Martín; Agnolín, Federico Lisandro (2010), "The southernmost records of Anhingidae and a new basal species of Anatidae (Aves) from the lower–middle Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina", Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, 34 (4): 493–514, Bibcode:2010Alch...34..493C, doi:10.1080/03115511003793504, retrieved 2019-02-28
Chandler, Robert M (2012), "A new species of tinamou (Aves: Tinamiformes, Tinamidae) from the Early-Middle Miocene of Argentina" (PDF), PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology, 9 (2): 1–8, retrieved 2019-02-28 Archived 2017-03-18 at the Wayback Machine
Ercoli, Marcos D.; Prevosti, Francisco J. (2011), "Estimación de masa de las especies de Sparassodonta (Mammalia, Metatheria) de edad Santacrucense (Mioceno Temprano) a partir del tamaño del centroide de los elementos apendiculares: inferencias paleoecológicas", Ameghiniana, 48 (4): 462–479, doi:10.5710/AMGH.v48i4(347), retrieved 2019-02-28 Archived 2013-12-12 at the Wayback Machine
González, Laureano Raúl; Scillato Yané, Gustavo Juan (2008), "Una nueva especie de Stegotherium Ameghino (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae, Stegotheriini) del Mioceno de la provincia de Santa Cruz (Argentina)", Ameghiniana, 45: 641–648, retrieved 2019-02-28
Mayr, Gerald; Noriega, Jorge I. (2015), "A well-preserved partial skeleton of the poorly known early Miocene seriema Noriegavis santacrucensis" (PDF), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 60: 589–598, retrieved 2019-02-28
Muñoz, Nahuel A.; Toledo, Néstor; Candela, Adriana M.; Vizcaíno, Sergio F. (2019), "Functional morphology of the forelimb of Early Miocene caviomorph rodents from Patagonia", Lethaia, 52 (1): 91–106, Bibcode:2019Letha..52...91M, doi:10.1111/let.12292, retrieved 2019-02-28
Noriega, Jorge I.; Mayr, Gerald (2017), "The systematic affinities of the putative seriema Noriegavis santacrucensis (Noriega et al., 2009) from the Miocene of Argentina", Contribuciones del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 7: 133–139
Noriega, Jorge I.; Vizcaíno, Sergio F.; Bargo, Susana (2009), "First Record and a New Species of Seriema (Aves: Ralliformes: Cariamidae) from Santacrucian (Early-Middle Miocene) Beds of Patagonia", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 29 (2): 620–626, Bibcode:2009JVPal..29..620N, doi:10.1671/039.029.0216, hdl:11336/80002, retrieved 2019-02-28
Sinclair, W.; Farr, M. (1932), "Aves of the Santa Cruz beds", Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia (1896–1899), 7: 157–191
Verzi, Diego H.; Olivares, A. Itatí; Morgan, Cecilia C. (2017), "Systematics and evolutionary significance of the small Abrocomidae from the early Miocene of southern South America", Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, 29 (3): 411–422, Bibcode:2017HBio...29..411V, doi:10.1080/08912963.2016.1168410, retrieved 2019-02-12
{{citation |last1=Vizcaíno |first1=Sergio F. |last2=Kay |first2=Richard F. |last3=Bargo |first3=Susana |year=2012 |title=Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Ce0uINITb4C |publisher=[[Cambridge University|Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521194617 |pages=1–370 |accessdate=2017-10-21}}

Sarmiento Formation & Colhué Huapí Member

Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina; Tambussi, Claudia (2005), "Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae (Aves) en la Formación Sarmiento de la localidad de Gran Hondonada (Eoceno Superior), Patagonia, Argentina [Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae (Birds) in the Sarmiento Formation from the Gran Hondonada locality (Upper Eocene), Patagonia, Argentina]" (PDF), Revista Española de Paleontología, 20: 127–132, retrieved 2018-09-10 Archived 2021-01-22 at the Wayback Machine
Arnal, Michelle; Kramarz, Alejandro G.; Vucetich, M. Guiomar; Vieytes, E. Carolina (2014), "A new early Miocene octodontoid rodent (Hystricognathi, Caviomorpha) from Patagonia (Argentina) and a reassessment of the early evolution of Octodontoidea", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 34 (2): 397–406, Bibcode:2014JVPal..34..397A, doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.808203, hdl:11336/29748, retrieved 2019-02-12
Cheme Arriaga, Lucas; Dozo, María Teresa; Gelfo, Javier N. (2016), "A new Cramaucheniinae (Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) from the early Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 36 (6): e1229672, Bibcode:2016JVPal..36E9672C, doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1229672, retrieved 2019-02-12
Dozo, María Teresa; Ciancio, Martín; Bouza, Pablo; Martínez, Gastón (2014), "Nueva asociación de mamíferos del Paleógeno en el este de la Patagonia (provincia de Chubut, Argentina): implicancias biocronológicas y paleobiogeográficas" (PDF), Andean Geology, 41: 224–247, doi:10.5027/andgeoV41n1-a09, retrieved 2017-08-15
Pérez, María Encarnación; Krause, Marcelo; Vucetich, María Guiomar (2012), "A new species of Chubutomys (Rodentia, Hystricognathi) from the late Oligocene of Patagonia and its implications on the early evolutionary history of Cavioidea sensu stricto", Geobios, 45 (6): 573–580, Bibcode:2012Geobi..45..573P, doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2012.06.001
Shockey, Bruce J.; Flynn, John J.; Croft, Darin A.; Gans, Phillip; Wyss, André R. (2012), "New leontiniid Notoungulata (Mammalia) from Chile and Argentina : comparative anatomy, character analysis, and phylogenetic hypotheses", American Museum Novitates (3737): 1–64, doi:10.1206/3737.2, retrieved 2019-02-15
Sterli, Juliana; De la Fuente, Marcelo S.; Krause, J. Marcelo (2015), "A new turtle from the Palaeogene of Patagonia (Argentina) sheds new light on the diversity and evolution of the bizarre clade of horned turtles (Meiolaniidae, Testudinata)", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 174 (3): 519–548, doi:10.1111/zoj.12252, retrieved 2019-02-13
Vucetich, M.G.; Dozo, M.T.; Arnal, M.; Pérez, M.E. (2015), "New rodents (Mammalia) from the late Oligocene of Cabeza Blanca (Chubut) and the first rodent radiation in Patagonia", Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, 27 (2): 236–257, Bibcode:2015HBio...27..236V, doi:10.1080/08912963.2014.883506, retrieved 2019-02-13
Vucetich, María G.; Pérez, María E.; Ciancio, Martín R.; Carlini, Alfredo A.; Madden, Richard H.; Kohn, Matthew J. (2014), "A new acaremyid rodent (Caviomorpha, Octodontoidea) from Scarritt Pocket, Deseadan (late Oligocene) of Patagonia (Argentina)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 34 (3): 689–698, Bibcode:2014JVPal..34..689V, doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.804414, retrieved 2019-02-12
Wyss, André R.; Flynn, John J.; Croft, Darin A. (2018), "New Paleogene notohippids and leontiniids (Toxodontia; Notoungulata; Mammalia) from the Early Oligocene Tinguiririca Fauna of the Andean Main Range, central Chile", Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 3903: 1–42, hdl:2246/6901, retrieved 2019-02-11

Toro Negro Formation

Ciccioli, Patricia L (2017), "Estudios de procedencia de la Formación Toro Negro a partir de modas detríticas y edades U-Pb en circones detríticos: implicancias para la evolución del Antepaís Fracturado Andino (La Rioja)" (PDF), Anales de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 69: 68–82, retrieved 2018-09-10

Uquía Formation

Daza, J.D.; Abdala, V.; Arias, J.S.; García López, D.; Ortiz, P. (2012), "Cladistic Analysis of Iguania and a Fossil Lizard from the Late Pliocene of Northwestern Argentina", Journal of Herpetology, 46: 104–119, doi:10.1670/10-112, hdl:11336/61054
Ortiz, Pablo E.; Jayat, J. Pablo; Steppan, Scott J. (2012), "A New fossil phyllotine (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae) from the late Pliocene in the Andes of northern Argentina" (PDF), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 32 (6): 1429–1441, Bibcode:2012JVPal..32.1429O, doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.707998, hdl:11336/10594, retrieved 2019-02-15
Reguero, Marcelo A.; Candela, Adriana M. (2008), Bioestratigrafía de las secuencias neógenas tardías de la Quebrada de Humahuaca, Provincia de Jujuy. Implicancias paleoambientales y paleobiogeográficas, Relatorio del XVII Congreso Geológico Argentino, pp. 286–296, retrieved 2018-09-10

Vaca Mahuida Formation

Montalvo, C.; Bond, M. (1998), "Un notoungulata de la Formación Vaca Mahuida (Eoceno), provincia de La Pampa, Argentina", Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial, 5: 55–60, retrieved 2019-02-15

Ventana Formation

Petrulevicius, J.F.; Popov, Y.A. (2014), "First fossil record of Discocephalinae (Insecta, Pentatomidae): a new genus from the middle Eocene of Río Pichileufú, Patagonia, Argentina", ZooKeys (422): 23–3, Bibcode:2014ZooK..422...23P, doi:10.3897/zookeys.422.6750, PMC 4109444, PMID 25061387, retrieved 2019-02-22
Wilf, P.; Johnson, K.R.; Cúneo, N.R.; Smith, M.E.; Singer, B.S.; Gandolfo, M.A. (2005), "Eocene Plant Diversity at Laguna del Hunco and Río Pichileufú, Patagonia, Argentina", The American Naturalist, 165 (6): 634–650, doi:10.1086/430055, PMID 15937744, retrieved 2019-02-22

Vorohué Formation

Olivares, A.I.; Verzi, D.H. (2015), "Systematics, phylogeny and evolutionary pattern of the hystricognath rodent Eumysops (Echimyidae) from the Plio–Pleistocene of southern South America", Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, 27 (8): 1042–1061, retrieved 2019-02-13
Orgeira, María Julia (1988), Estudio geológico y paleomagnético de los sedimentos asignados al cenozoico tardío aflorantes costeros entre Mar del Plata y Miramar (Provincia de Buenos Aires) (PhD thesis) (PDF), Universidad de Buenos Aires, pp. 1–170, retrieved 2019-02-12
Tonni, Eduardo P.; Noriega, Jorge I. (1996), "Una nueva especie de Nandayus Bonaparte, 1854 (Aves: Psittaciformes) del Pliocene tardío de Argentina" (PDF), Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 69: 97–104, retrieved 2017-10-24

Yupoí Formation

Erra, Georgina; Osterrieth, Margarita; Zurita, Alfredo E.; Lutz, Alicia I.; Laffont, Enrique; Coronel, Juan M.; Francia, Analia (2016), "Primer registro de termiteros fósiles para el Pleistoceno tardío de la región mesopotámica (Argentina): implicancias paleoambientales" (PDF), Acta Biológica Colombiana, 21: 63–72, retrieved 2018-09-10

Bolivia

Marshall, Larry G.; Sempere, Thierry (1991), "The Eocene to Pleistocene vertebrates of Bolivia and their stratigraphic context: A review", Revista técnica de YPFB, 12: 631–652, retrieved 2017-08-15
Renner, Sven; Velasco, Carlos (2000), Geología e hidrogeología del Valle Central de Cochabamba - Geology and hydrogeology of the Central Valley of Cochabamba (PDF), Convenio alemán-boliviano de aguas subterraneas (CABAS) - German-Bolivian Agreement on Groundwater (CABAS), pp. 1–113, retrieved 2018-09-04
Rocha, Emilio (2013), Estilos estructurales del Subandino Sur de Bolivia (PhD thesis) (PDF), Universidad de Buenos Aires, pp. 1–204, retrieved 2018-09-10

Casira Formation

Cerdeño, Esperanza; Vera, Bárbara; Schmidt, Gabriela Inés; Pujos, François; Mamaní Quispe, Bernardino (2012), "An almost complete skeleton of a new Mesotheriidae (Notoungulata) from the Late Miocene of Casira, Bolivia", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 10 (2): 341–360, Bibcode:2012JSPal..10..341C, doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.569576, hdl:11336/60297, retrieved 2019-02-15

Cerdas beds

Croft, Darin A.; Carlini, Alfredo A.; Ciancio, Martín R.; Brandoni, Diego; Drew, Nicholas E.; Engelman, Russell K.; Anaya, Federico (2016), "New mammal faunal data from Cerdas, Bolivia, a middle-latitude Neotropical site that chronicles the end of the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum in South America", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 36 (5): e1163574, Bibcode:2016JVPal..36E3574C, doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1163574, hdl:11336/49745, retrieved 2019-02-12

Honda Group

Croft, Darin A (2007), "The Middle Miocene (Laventan) Quebrada Honda Fauna, southern Bolivia and a description of its Notoungulates", Palaeontology, 50 (1): 277–303, Bibcode:2007Palgy..50..277C, doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00610.x, retrieved 2017-05-04
Engelman, Russell K.; Anaya, Federico; Croft, Darin A. (2018), "Australogale leptognathus, gen. et sp. nov., a second species of small sparassodont (Mammalia: Metatheria) from the middle Miocene locality of Quebrada Honda, Bolivia", Journal of Mammalian Evolution, in press: _, retrieved 2018-10-01
Engelman, Russell K.; Anaya, Federico; Croft, Darin A. (2016), "New palaeothentid marsupials (Paucituberculata) from the middle Miocene of Quebrada Honda, Bolivia, and their implications for the palaeoecology, decline and extinction of the Palaeothentoidea", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 15 (10): 787–820, doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1240112, retrieved 2019-02-12
Pujos, François; De Iuliis, Gerardo; Mamani Quispe, Bernardino; Andrade Flores, Ruben (2014), "Lakukullus anatisrostratus, gen. et sp. nov., a new massive nothrotheriid sloth (Xenarthra, Pilosa) from the middle Miocene of Bolivia", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 34 (5): 1243–1248, Bibcode:2014JVPal..34.1243P, doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.849716, hdl:11336/32146, retrieved 2019-02-12

Lacayani fauna

Billet, Guillaume; De Muizon, Christian; Mamani Quispe, Bernardino (2008), "Late Oligocene mesotheriids (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from Salla and Lacayani (Bolivia): implications for basal mesotheriid phylogeny and distribution", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 152: 153–200, doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00388.x, retrieved 2018-09-11

Ñuapua Formation

Pardiñas, Ulyses F.J.; Galliari, Carlos A. (1998), "Sigmodontinos (Rodentia, Muridae) del Holoceno inferior de Bolivia" (PDF), Revista Española de Paleontología, 13: 17–25, retrieved 2018-09-03

Quehua Formation

Baldellón P., Eddy; Fornari, Michel; Espinoza R., Félix; Soler, Pierre (1994), Sucesión Estructural de la Zona Serranía de las Minas (PDF), Memorias del XI Congreso Geológico de Bolivia, pp. 238–247, retrieved 2017-10-25

Salla Formation

Reguero, Marcelo A.; Cerdeño, Esperanza (2005), "New late Oligocene Hegetotheriidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from Salla, Bolivia", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 25 (3): 674–684, doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0674:NLOHMN]2.0.CO;2, retrieved 2018-09-11
Rincón, Ascanio D.; Shockey, Bruce J.; Anaya, Federico; Solórzano, Andrés (2015), "Palaeothentid Marsupials of the Salla Beds of Bolivia (Late Oligocene): Two New Species and Insights into the Post-Eocene Radiation of Palaeothentoids", Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 22 (4): 455–471, doi:10.1007/s10914-015-9295-8, retrieved 2019-02-13
Shockey, Bruce J (2017), "New early diverging cingulate (Xenarthra: Peltephilidae) from the Late Oligocene of Bolivia and considerations regarding the origin of crown Xenarthra", Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 58 (2): 371–396, retrieved 2019-02-12

Santa Lucía Formation

Buffetaut, É.; Marshall, L.G. (1991), A new crocodilian, Sebecus querejazus, nov. sp. (Mesosuchia, Sebecidae) from the Santa Lucía Formation (Early Paleocene) at Vila Vila, Southern Bolivia, Revista Técnica de YPFB, pp. 545–557
Gaffney, Eugene S.; Meylan, Peter A.; Wood, Roger C.; Simons, Elwyn; De Almeida Campos, Diogenes (2011), "Evolution of the side-necked turtles: the family Podocnemididae" (PDF), AMNH Bulletin, 350: 1–237, retrieved 2017-08-15
Gayet, Mireille; Marshall, Larry G.; Sempere, Thierry (1991), "The Mesozoic and Paleocene vertebrates of Bolivia and their stratigraphic context: a review", Revista técnica de YPFB, 12: 393–433, retrieved 2017-08-15
Jiménez, Grisel (2012), Estratigrafía, facies y ambientes evolutivos de depósito del Paleógeno Inferior: Formación Santa Lucía (Sinclinal de Miraflores - Sección Cayara, Potosí) (PDF), ., pp. 1–23, retrieved 2017-08-15
De Muizon, Christian; Ladevèze, Sandrine; Selva, Charlène; Vignaud, Robin; Goussard, Florent (2018), "Allqokirus australis (Sparassodonta, Metatheria) from the early Palaeocene of Tiupampa (Bolivia) and the rise of the metatherian carnivorous radiation in South America", Geodiversitas, 40 (16): 363–459, doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2018v40a16, retrieved 2019-02-11
Rage, J.C. (1991), "Gymnophionan Amphibia from the early Paleocene (Santa Lucía Formation) of Tiupampa (Bolivia). The oldest known Gymnophiona", Revista técnica de YPFB, 12: 499–501, retrieved 2017-08-15
Rage, J.C. (1991), "Squamate Reptiles from the early Paleocene of Tiupampa area (Santa Lucía Formation), Bolivia", Revista técnica de YPFB, 12: 503–508, retrieved 2017-08-15
Renner, Sven; Velasco, Carlos (2000), "Geología e hidrogeología del Valle Central de Cochabamba" (PDF), Boletín del Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería, 34: 1–113, retrieved 2017-08-15
Sempere, Thierry; Butler, R.F.; Richards, D.R.; Marshall, L.G.; Sharp, W.; Swisher, C.C. (1997), "Stratigraphy and chronology of Upper Cretaceous-lower Paleogene strata in Bolivia and northwest Argentina" (PDF), GSA Bulletin, 109 (6): 709–727, Bibcode:1997GSAB..109..709S, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0709:SACOUC>2.3.CO;2, retrieved 2017-08-15

Tarija Formation

Machado, Leonardo F.; Leite, Yuri L.R.; Christoff, Alexandre U.; Giugliano, Lilian G. (2014), "Phylogeny and biogeography of tetralophodont rodents of the tribe Oryzomyini (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae)", Zoologica Scripta, 43 (2): 119–130, doi:10.1111/zsc.12041, retrieved 2019-02-12

Umala Formation

Pujos, François; De Iuliis, Gerardo; Mamani Quispe, Bernardino; Adnet, Sylvain; Flores, Ruben Andrade; Billet, Guillaume; Fernández Monescillo, Marcos; Marivaux, Laurent; Münch, Philippe, Mercedes B. Prámparo and Pierre-Olivier Antoine (2016), "A new nothrotheriid xenarthran from the early Pliocene of Pomata-Ayte (Bolivia): new insights into the caniniform–molariform transition in sloths", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 178 (3): 679–712, doi:10.1111/zoj.12429, retrieved 2019-02-12{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Yecua & Petaca Formations

Hernández, R.; Jordan, T.; Dalenz Farjat, A.; Echavarría, L.; Idelman, B.; Reynolds, J. (2002), Edades, distribución, controles tectónicos y eustáticos de las ingresiones marinas paranense y caribeana en el sur de Bolivia y Argentina (PDF), V Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontología, pp. 1–27, retrieved 2018-09-10

Brazil

Rêgo Henriques, Deise Dias; Gallo da Silva, Valéria; Barbosa de Carvalho, Luciana; Kugland de Azevedo, Sergio Alex, Coleçao de tipos e figurados (8/1997) (PDF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, pp. 1–20, retrieved 2017-08-15

Entre-Corrégos Formation

Pereira, Karoline Gonçalves (2015), Mirtáceas da formação Entre-Corrégos, paleógeno da bacia de Aiuruoca, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil (MSc. thesis) (PDF), Universidade Guarulhos, pp. 1–139, retrieved 2017-08-15

Fonseca Formation

Mendes, Márcio; de Oliveira, Francisco Irineudo Bezerra; Limaverde, Saulo (2015), "Um novo gênero e duas novas espécies de Pergidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) na Formação Fonseca (Bacia de Fonseca, Paleógeno) Minas Gerais, Brazil", Revista de Geologia, 28: 27–36, retrieved 2018-09-10

Graxaim Formation

Buchmann, Francisco Sekiguchi de Carvalho; Caron, Felipe; Pereira Lopes, Renato; Ugri, André; Gonçalves de Lima, Leonardo (2009), Panorama geológico da planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul, _, pp. 11–32, retrieved 2019-02-12

Guabirotuba Formation

Sedor, Fernando A.; Oliveira, Édison V.; Silva, David D.; Fernandes, Luiz A.; Cunha, Renata F.; Ribeiro, Ana M.; Dias, Eliseu V. (2017), "A New South American Paleogene Land Mammal Fauna, Guabirotuba Formation (Southern Brazil)" (PDF), Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 24: 39–55, doi:10.1007/s10914-016-9364-7, retrieved 2017-10-26

Içá Formation

Czaplewski, Nicholas J.; Campbell, Kenneth E. Jr. (2017), "Late Miocene Bats from the Jurua River, State of Acre, Brazil, with a Description of a New Genus of Thyropteridae (Chiroptera, Mammalia)" (PDF), Contributions in Science, 525: 55–60, doi:10.5962/p.318347, retrieved 2019-02-12

Itaboraí Formation

Carneiro, Leonardo M.; Oliveira, Édison V.; Goin, Francisco J. (2018), "Austropediomys marshalli gen. et sp. nov., a new Pediomyoidea (Mammalia, Metatheria) from the Paleogene of Brazil: paleobiogeographic implications" (PDF), Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 21 (2): 120–131, doi:10.4072/rbp.2018.2.03, retrieved 2018-10-01
Carneiro, Leonardo M. (2018), "A new protodidelphid (Mammalia, Marsupialia, Didelphimorphia) from the Itaboraí Basin and its implications for the evolution of the Protodidelphidae" (PDF), Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 91 (Suppl. 2): e20180440, doi:10.1590/0001-3765201820180440, PMID 30365721, retrieved 2019-02-11 Archived 2019-02-12 at the Wayback Machine
Oliveira, Édison Vicente; Zimicz, Natalia; Goin, Francisco J. (2016), "Taxonomy, affinities, and paleobiology of the tiny metatherian mammal Minusculodelphis, from the early Eocene of South America", The Science of Nature, 103 (1–2): 1–6, Bibcode:2016SciNa.103....6O, doi:10.1007/s00114-015-1331-2, PMID 26743194, retrieved 2019-02-12
De Oliveira, Édison Vicente; Goin, Francisco J. (2015), "A new species of Gaylordia Paula Couto (Mammalia, Metatheria) from Itaboraí, Brazil", Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 18 (1): 97–108, doi:10.4072/rbp.2015.1.07, retrieved 2019-02-13
Oliveira, Édison V.; Goin, Francisco J. (2011), "A reassessment of Bunodont Metatherians from the Paleogene of Itaboraí (Brazil): systematics and age of the Itaboraian SALMA" (PDF), Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 14 (2): 105–136, doi:10.4072/rbp.2011.2.01, retrieved 2017-08-15
Salvador, R.B.; Simone, L.R.L. (2013), "Taxonomic revision of the fossil pulmonate mollusks of Itaboraí Basin (Paleocene), Brazil" (PDF), Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 53 (2): 5–46, retrieved 2017-10-01

Maria Farinha Formation

De Araújo Carvalho, Anny Rafaela; Ghilardi, Aline Marcele; Franca Barreto, Alcina Magnólia (2016), "A new side-neck turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Early Paleocene (Danian) Maria Farinha Formation, Paraíba Basin, Brazil", Zootaxa, 4126: 491–513, retrieved 2017-08-15

Pirabas Formation

De Araújo Távora, Vladimir; Rodrigues dos Santos, André Augusto; Neto Araújo, Raphael (2010), "Localidades fossilíferas da Formação Pirabas (Mioceno Inferior)" (PDF), Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 5 (2): 207–224, doi:10.46357/bcnaturais.v5i2.644, retrieved 2017-08-15

Rio Madeira Formation

Góis, Flávio; Scillato Yané, Gustavo Juan; Carlini, Alfredo Armando; Ubilla, Martín (2012), "Una nueva especie de Holmesina Simpson (Xenarthra, Cingulata, Pampatheriidae) del Pleistoceno de Rondônia, sudoeste de la Amazonia, Brasil" (PDF), Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 15 (2): 211–227, doi:10.4072/rbp.2012.2.09, retrieved 2019-02-15

Santa Vitória Formation

Oliveira, Édison V.; Prevosti, Francisco Juan; Pereira, Jamil C. (2005), "Protocyon troglodytes (Lund) (Mammalia, Carnivora) in the Late Pleistocene of Rio Grande do Sul and their paleoecological significance" (PDF), Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 8: 215–220, retrieved 2019-02-12

Solimões Formation

Bocquentin, Jean; Melo, Janira (2006), "Stupendemys souzai sp. nov. (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae) from the Miocene-Pliocene of the Solimões Formation, Brazil" (PDF), Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 9 (2): 187–192, doi:10.4072/rbp.2006.2.02, retrieved 2017-08-15
Carvalho, Patricia; Bocquentin, Jean; De Lapparent de Broin, France (2002), "Une nouvelle espèce de Podocnemis (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae) provenant du Néogène de la formation Solimões, Acre, Brésil", Geobios, 35 (6): 677–686, Bibcode:2002Geobi..35..677C, doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(02)00081-5, retrieved 2017-08-15
Cozzuol, Mario Alberto (2006), "The Acre vertebrate fauna: Age, diversity, and geography", Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 21 (3): 185–203, Bibcode:2006JSAES..21..185C, doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2006.03.005, retrieved 2017-08-15
Kerber, Leonardo; Bissaro Júnior, Marcos César; Negri, Francisco R.; De Souza Filho, Jonas Pereira; Guilherme, Edson; Schmaltz Hsiou, Annie (2017), "A new rodent (Caviomorpha: Dinomyidae) from the upper Miocene of southwestern Brazilian Amazonia" (PDF), Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, 30 (7): 985–993, Bibcode:2018HBio...30..985K, doi:10.1080/08912963.2017.1327529, retrieved 2019-02-12
Kerber, Leonardo; Negri, Francisco Ricardo; Ribeiro, Ana Maria; Vucetich, Maria Guiomar; De Souza Filho, Jonas Pereira (2016), "Late Miocene potamarchine rodents from southwestern Amazonia, Brazil—with description of new taxa" (PDF), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 61 (1): 191–203, retrieved 2019-02-12

Touro Passo Formation

Kerber, Leonardo; Gregis Pitana, Vanessa; Ribeiro, Ana Maria; Schmaltz Hsiou, Annie; Oliveira, Edison V. (2014), "Late Pleistocene vertebrates from Touro Passo Creek (Touro Passo Formation), southern Brazil: a review" (PDF), Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 31: 248–259, retrieved 2017-08-15

Tremembé Formation

Do Couto Ribeiro, Graziella (2010), Avaliação morfológica, taxonômica e cronológica dos mamíferos fósseis da Formação Tremembé (Bacia de Taubaté), Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, pp. 1–112
Malabarba, Maria Claudia; Lundberg, John G. (2007), "A fossil loricariid catfish (Siluriformes: Loricarioidea) from the Taubaté Basin, eastern Brazil", Neotropical Ichthyology, 5 (3): 263–270, doi:10.1590/S1679-62252007000300005, retrieved 2018-10-08
Olson, Storrs L.; Alvarenga, Herculano M.F. (2002), "A new genus of small teratorn from the Middle Tertiary of the Taubate Basin, Brazil (Aves: Teratornithidae)" (PDF), Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 115: 701–705, retrieved 2017-09-04

Chile

Abanico Formation

Bertrand, Ornella C.; Flynn, John J.; Croft, Darin A.; Wyss, André R. (2012), "Two new taxa (Caviomorpha, Rodentia) from the early Oligocene Tinguiririca fauna (Chile)", American Museum Novitates (3750): 1–36, doi:10.1206/3750.2, retrieved 2019-02-15
Bradham, Jennifer; Flynn, John J.; Croft, Darin A.; Wyss, Andre R. (2015), "New notoungulates (Notostylopidae and basal toxodontians) from the early Oligocene Tinguiririca fauna of the Andean Main Range, central Chile", American Museum Novitates (3841): 1–24, doi:10.1206/3841.1, retrieved 2019-02-13
Croft, Darin A.; Flynn, John J.; Wyss, André R. (2008), "The Tinguiririca fauna of Chile and the early stages of "modernization" of South American mammal faunas" (PDF), Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 66: 191–211, retrieved 2019-02-12 Archived 2018-09-06 at the Wayback Machine
Engelman, Russell K.; Flynn, John J.; Gans, Philip; Wyss, André R.; Croft, Darin A. (2018), "Chlorocyon phantasma, a late Eocene borhyaenoid (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) from the Los Helados locality, Andean Main Range, central Chile", American Museum Novitates (3918): 1–22, doi:10.1206/3918.1, retrieved 2019-02-11
Godoy, Estanislao (2012), "Sobre el variable marco geotectónico de las formaciones Abanico y Farellones y sus equivalentes al sur de los 35°LS", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 69: 570–577, retrieved 2017-08-15
Muñoz, Marcia; Fuentes, Francisco; Vergara, Mario; Aguirre, Luis; Nyström, Jan Olov; Féraud, Gilbert; Demant, Alain (2006), "Abanico East Formation: petrology and geochemistry of volcanic rocks behind the Cenozoic arc front in the Andean Cordillera, central Chile (33°50'S)", Revista Geológica de Chile, 33: 109–140, doi:10.4067/S0716-02082006000100005, retrieved 2017-08-15

Bahía Inglesa Formation

Achurra, L.E.; Lacassie, J.P.; Le Roux, J.P.; Marquadt, C.; Belmar, M.; Ruiz Del Solar, J.; Ishman, S.E. (2009), "Manganese nodules in the Miocene Bahía Inglesa Formation, north-central Chile: Petrography, geochemistry, genesis and palaeoceanographic significance" (PDF), Sedimentary Geology, 217 (1): 128–139, Bibcode:2009SedG..217..128A, doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.03.016, retrieved 2017-08-15 Archived 2017-10-26 at the Wayback Machine
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Le Roux, Jacobus P.; Achurra, Luciano; Henríquez, Álvaro; Carreño, Catalina; Rivera, Huber; Suárez, Mario E.; Ishman, Scott E.; Pyenson, Nicholas D.; Gutstein, Carolina S. (2016), "Oroclinal bending of the Juan Fernández Ridge suggested by geohistory analysis of the Bahía Inglesa Formation, north-central Chile" (PDF), Sedimentary Geology, 333: 32–49, Bibcode:2016SedG..333...32L, doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2015.12.003, retrieved 2017-08-15
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Oyanadel Urbina, Pablo; Carrillo Briceño, Jorge; Villafaña, Jaime; Castelleto, Victor; Varas, Cristian; Alballay, Alex; Rivadeneira, Marcelo (2015), Nuevo registro de familias de peces óseos en Formación Bahía Inglesa (PDF), XIV Congreso Geológico Chileno, pp. 1–4, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-26, retrieved 2017-08-15
Staig, Felipe; Hernández, Sebastián; López, Patricio; Villafaña, Jaime A.; Varas, Cristian; Soto, Luis Patricio; Carrillo Briceño, Jorge D. (2015), "Late Neogene Elasmobranch fauna from the Coquimbo Formation, Chile", Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 18 (2): 261–272, doi:10.4072/rbp.2015.2.07, retrieved 2017-08-15
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Caleta Herradura Formation

Di Celma, Claudio; Cantalamessa, Gino (2007), "Sedimentology and high-frequency sequence stratigraphy of a forearc extensional basin: The Miocene Caleta Herradura Formation, Mejillones Peninsula, northern Chile", Sedimentary Geology, 198 (1–2): 29–52, Bibcode:2007SedG..198...29D, doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.11.003

Chíu-Chíu Formation

López Mendoza, Patricio; Rojas, Osvaldo; Mansilla, Pablo; Olivares, Luis; Martínez, Ismael (2010), "Mamíferos extintos del Pleistoceno de la Cuenca de Calama (Segunda Región, Chile). Viejas colecciones y nuevos hallazgos", Treballs del Museo Geológico de Barcelona, 17: 11–25, retrieved 2017-08-15

Chucal Formation

Croft, Darin A.; Flynn, John J.; Wyss, André R. (2007), "A new basal Glyptodontid and other Xenarthra of the Early Miocene Chucal Fauna, northern Chile", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 21 (4): 781–797, doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[781:ANBGAO]2.0.CO;2, retrieved 2017-08-15

Coquimbo Formation

Le Roux, J.P.; Olivares, Danisa M.; Nielsen, Sven N.; Smith, Norman D.; Middleton, Heather; Fenner, Juliane; Ishman, Scott E. (2006), "Bay sedimentation as controlled by regional crustal behaviour, local tectonics and eustatic sea-level changes: Coquimbo Formation (Miocene–Pliocene), Bay of Tongoy, central Chile" (PDF), Sedimentary Geology, 184 (1–2): 133–153, Bibcode:2006SedG..184..133L, doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.09.023, retrieved 2018-05-20

Cura-Mallín Group

Flynn, John J.; Charrier, Reynaldo; Croft, Darin A.; Gans, Phillip B.; Herriott, Trystan M.; Wertheim, Jill A.; Wyss, André R. (2008), "Chronologic implications of new Miocene mammals from the Cura-Mallín and Trapa Trapa formations, Laguna del Laja area, south central Chile" (PDF), Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 26 (4): 412–423, Bibcode:2008JSAES..26..412F, doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2008.05.006, retrieved 2017-10-20
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Horcón Formation

Carrillo Briceño, Jorge D.; González Barba, Gerardo; Landaeta, Mauricio F.; Nielsen, Sven N. (2013), "Condrictios fósiles del Plioceno Superior de la Formación Horcón, Región de Valparaíso, Chile central" (PDF), Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 86 (2): 191–206, Bibcode:2013RvCHN..86..191C, doi:10.4067/S0716-078X2013000200008, retrieved 2017-10-24

Huaylas Formation

García, Marcelo; Herail, Gérard; Charrier, Reynaldo (1999), Age and structure of the Oxaya Anticline: A major feature of the Miocene compressive structures of northernmost Chile (PDF), Fourth ISAG conference, Goettingen, Germany, pp. 249–252, retrieved 2018-09-04
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Loreto Formation

Bostelmann, Enrique; Le Roux, Jacobus P.; Vasquez, Ana; Gutiérrez, Nestor; Oyarzún, José Luis; Carreño, Catalina; Torres, Teresa; Otero, Rodrigo; Llanos, C. Mark Fanning, Sven N. Nielsen and Francisco Hervé, Andrea (2012), A revised lithostratigraphy of the Sierra Baguales, Magallanes Basin (PDF), XIII Congeso Geológico Chileno, pp. 698–700, archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-11-03, retrieved 2019-02-15{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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Torres, T.; Meón, H.; Otero, R.; Galleguillos, H. (2009), Palinoflora y macroflora de la Formación Loreto, Punta Arenas, Región de Magallanes, Chile (PDF), XII Congreso Geológico Chileno, pp. 1–4, retrieved 2019-02-15

Navidad Formation

Finger, Kenneth L.; Nielsen, Sven N.; DeVries, Thomas J.; Encinas, Alfonso; Peterson, Dawn E. (2007), "Paleontologic evidence for sedimentary displacement in Neogene forearc basins of central Chile" (PDF), PALAIOS, 22 (1): 3–16, Bibcode:2007Palai..22....3F, doi:10.2110/palo.2005.p05-081r, retrieved 2017-08-15

La Portada Formation

Chávez, Martín F. (2008), Los pingüinos fósiles de Sudamérica, I Simposio - Paleontología Chile - 2008, pp. 116–120, retrieved 2018-05-20

Río Baguales Formation

Le Roux, Jacobus P.; Puratich, Jacqueline; Mourgues, F. Amaro; Oyarzún, José Luis; Otero, Rodrigo A.; Torres, Teresa; Hervé, Francisco (2010), "Estuary deposits in the Río Baguales Formation (Chattian-Aquitanean), Magallanes Province, Chile" (PDF), Andean Geology, 37: 329–344, retrieved 2017-10-25

Río Frías Formation

Abello, María Alejandra; Rubilar Rogers, David (2012), "Revisión del género Abderites Ameghino, 1887 (Marsupialia, Paucituberculata)", Ameghiniana, 49 (2): 164–184, doi:10.5710/AMGH.v49i2(408), retrieved 2019-02-15
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Colombia

Altiplano Cundiboyacense

Acosta Garay, Jorge E.; Ulloa Melo, Carlos E. (2002), Mapa Geológico del Departamento de Cundinamarca - 1:250,000 - Memoria explicativa, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–108, retrieved 2017-03-29
Amaya, Erika; Mariño, Jorge; Jaramillo, Carlos (2010), "Litofacies y ambientes de acumulación de la Formación Guaduas en al parte central de la Cordillera Oriental - implicaciones paleogeográficas", Boletín de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 32 (1): _, retrieved 2017-03-16
Bayona, Germán; Montenegro, Omar; Cardona, Agustín; Jaramillo, Carlos; Lamus, Felipe; Morón, Sara; Quiroz, Luiz; Ruíz, María C.; Valencia & Mauricio Parra, Victor (2010), "Estratigrafía, procedencia, subsidencia y exhumación de las unidades paleógenas en el Sinclinal de Usme, sur de la zona axial de la Cordillera Oriental - Stratigraphy, provenance, subsidence and exhumation of the Paleogene succession in the Usme Syncline, southern axial zone of the Eastern Cordillera" (PDF), Geología Colombiana, 35: 5–35, retrieved 2017-03-29
Bloch, Jonathan Ivan; Cadena, Edwin; Hastings, Alexander; Rincón, Aldo F.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2008), "Vertebrate faunas from the Paleocene Bogotá Formation of northern Colombia (Abstract)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 68th Annual Meeting: _, retrieved 2017-03-29
Cadena, Edwin A (2014), "The fossil record of turtles in Colombia; a review of the discoveries, research and future challenges" (PDF), Acta Biológica Colombiana, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 19 (3): 333–339, doi:10.15446/abc.v19n3.42223, retrieved 2017-03-29
Guerrero Uscátegui, Alberto Lobo (1992), Geología e Hidrogeología de Santafé de Bogotá y su Sabana, Sociedad Colombiana de Ingenieros, pp. 1–20
Head, Jason J.; Bloch, Jonathan Ivan; Rincón, Aldo F.; Moreno Bernal, Jorge W. (2012), "Paleogene Squamates from the Northern neotropics: Ecological Implications and Biogeographic Histories (Abstract)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 72nd Annual Meeting of the Society of vertebrate Paleontology, At Raleigh, North Carolina: _, retrieved 2017-03-29
Head, Jason J.; Bloch, Jonathan Ivan; Rincón, Aldo F.; Bourque, Jason R.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2011), "An enigmatic derived snake from the earliest Eocene of equatorial South America (Abstract)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 71st Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV: _, retrieved 2017-03-29
Herrera, Fabiany; Manchester, Steven R.; Carvalho, Mónica R.; Jaramillo, Carlos; Wings, Scott L. (2014), "Paleocene wind-dispersed fruits and seeds from Colombia and their implications for early Neotropical rainforests" (PDF), Acta Paleobotanica, 54 (2): 197–229, doi:10.2478/acpa-2014-0008, retrieved 2017-03-29
Montoya Arenas, Diana María; Reyes Torres, Germán Alfonso (2005), Geología de la Sabana de Bogotá, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–104
Villarroel, Carlos; Concha, Ana Elena; Macía, Carlos (2001), "El Lago Pleistoceno de Soatá (Boyacá, Colombia): Consideraciones estratigráficas, paleontológicas y paleoecológicas", Geología Colombiana, 26, Universidad Nacional de Colombia: 79–93
Villarroel A., Carlos (1987), "Características y afinadas de Etayoa n. gen., tipo de una nueva familia de Xenungulata (Mammalia) del Paleoceno Medio (?) de Colombia" (PDF), Comunicaciones Paleontológicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 19: 241–254, retrieved 2017-03-29

Cesar-Ranchería Basin

Ayala Calvo, Rosa Carolina (2009), Análisis tectonoestratigráfico y de procedencia en la Subcuenca de Cesar: Relación con los sistemas petroleros (MSc.) (PDF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, pp. 1–255, retrieved 2017-06-14 Archived 2021-12-06 at the Wayback Machine
Cadena, Edwin A.; Schweitzer, Mary H. (2014), "A Pelomedusoid Turtle from the Paleocene–Eocene of Colombia Exhibiting Preservation of Blood Vessels and Osteocytes", Journal of Herpetology, 48 (4): 461–465, doi:10.1670/13-046, retrieved 2019-02-12
Cadena, Edwin A.; Ksepka, Daniel T.; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Bloch, Jonathan I. (2012a), "New pelomedusoid turtles from the late Palaeocene Cerrejón Formation of Colombia and their implications for phylogeny and body size evolution" (PDF), Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 10 (2): 313–331, Bibcode:2012JSPal..10..313C, doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.569031, retrieved 2017-06-14
Cadena, Edwin A.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2012b), "New bothremydid turtle (Testudines, Pleurodira) from the Paleocene of northeastern Colombia", Journal of Paleontology, 86 (4): 688–698, Bibcode:2012JPal...86..688C, doi:10.1666/11-128R1.1, retrieved 2017-06-14
Cadena, Edwin A.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2010), "New Podocnemidid Turtle (Testudines: Pleurodira) from the Middle-Upper Paleocene of South America", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 30 (2): 367–382, Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..367C, doi:10.1080/02724631003621946, retrieved 2017-06-14
Hastings, Alexander K.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2014), "A new blunt-snouted dyrosaurid, Anthracosuchus balrogus gen. et sp. nov. (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia), from the Palaeocene of Colombia" (PDF), Historical Biology, 27 (8): 998–1020, Bibcode:2015HBio...27..998H, doi:10.1080/08912963.2014.918968, retrieved 2017-06-14
Hastings, Alexander K.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2011), "A new longirostrine Dyrosaurid (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Paleocene of north-eastern Colombia: Biogeographocal and behavioural implications for New-World Dyrosayridae" (PDF), Palaeontology, 54: 1095–1116, doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01092.x, retrieved 2017-06-14
Head, J.J.; Bloch, J.I.; Hastings, A.K.; Bourque, J.R.; Cadena, E.A.; Herrera, F.A.; Polly, P.D.; Jaramillo, C.A. (2009), "Giant boid snake from the paleocene neotropics reveals hotter past equatorial temperatures", Nature, 457 (7230): 715–718, Bibcode:2009Natur.457..715H, doi:10.1038/nature07671, PMID 19194448, retrieved 2017-06-14
Herrera, Fabiany A.; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Dilcher, David L.; Wing, Scott L.; Gómez N, Carolina (2008), "Fossil Araceae from a Paleocene neotropical rainforest in Colombia", American Journal of Botany, 95 (12): 1569–1583, doi:10.3732/ajb.0800172, PMID 21628164, retrieved 2017-06-14^{[permanent dead link]}
Hernández, Marina (2003), Geología de la Plancha 48 La Jagua de Ibírico - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–102
Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Bayona, Germán; Pardo Trujillo, Andres; Rueda, Milton; Torres, Vladimir; Harrington, Guy J.; Mora, Germán (2007), "The palynology of the Cerrejón Formation (Upper Paleocene) of northern Colombia" (PDF), Palynology, 31 (1): 153–189, Bibcode:2007Paly...31..153J, doi:10.2113/gspalynol.31.1.153, retrieved 2017-08-15
Ojeda Marulanda, Carolina; Sánchez Quiñónez, Carlos Alberto (2013), "Petrografía, petrología y análisis de procedencia de unidades paleógenas en las cuencas Cesar - Ranchería y Catatumbo" (PDF), Boletín de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 35: 67–80, retrieved 2017-06-14
Wing, Scott L.; Herrera, Fabiany; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Gómez Navarro, Carolina; Wilf, Peter; Labandeira, Conrad C. (2009), "Late Paleocene fossils from the Cerrejón Formation, Columbia ((sic)), are the earliest record of Neotropical rainforest", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106 (44): 18627–18632, Bibcode:2009PNAS..10618627W, doi:10.1073/pnas.0905130106, PMC 2762419, PMID 19833876

Cocinetas Basin

Amson, Eli; Carrillo, Juan D.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2016), "Neogene sloth assemblages (Mammalia, Pilosa) of the Cocinetas Basin (La Guajira, Colombia): Implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange" (PDF), Palaeontology, 59 (4): 563–582, Bibcode:2016Palgy..59..563A, doi:10.1111/pala.12244, retrieved 2017-03-31
Cadena, Edwin; Jaramillo, Carlos (2015), "Early to middle Miocene turtles from the northernmost tip of South America: giant testudinids, chelids, and podocnemidids from the Castilletes Formation, Colombia" (PDF), Ameghiniana, 52 (2): 188–203, doi:10.5710/AMGH.10.11.2014.2835, retrieved 2017-08-08
Carrillo, Juan D.; Amson, Eli; Jaramillo, Carlos; Sánchez, Rodolfo; Quiroz, Luis; Cuartas, Carlos; Rincón, Aldo F.; Sánchez Villagra, Marcelo R. (2018), "The Neogene record of northern South American native ungulates", Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 101: 1–67, retrieved 2019-02-11
Carrillo Briceño, Jorge D.; Argyriou, Thodoris; Zapata, Vladimir; Kindlimann, René; Jaramillo, Carlos (2016), "A New Early Miocene (Aquitanian) Elasmobranchii Assemblage from the la Guajira Peninsula, Colombia" (PDF), Ameghiniana, 53 (2): 77–99, doi:10.5710/AMGH.26.10.2015.2931, retrieved 2017-08-08
Hendy, Austin J.W.; Jones, Douglas S.; Moreno, Federico; Zapata, Vladimir; Jaramillo, Carlos (2015), "Neogene molluscs, shallow marine paleoenvironments, and chronostratigraphy of the Guajira Peninsula, Colombia" (PDF), Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 134 (1): 45–75, Bibcode:2015SwJP..134...45H, doi:10.1007/s13358-015-0074-1, retrieved 2017-08-08
Moreno, F.; Hendy, A.J.W.; Quiroz, L.; Hoyos, N.; Jones, D.S.; Zapata, V.; Zapata, S.; Ballen, G.A.; Cadena, A.L. Cárdenas, J.D. Carrillo Briceño, J.D. Carrillo, D. Delgado Sierra, J. Escobar, J.I. Martínez, C. Martínez, C. Montes, J. Moreno, N. Pérez, R. Sánchez, C. Suárez, M.C. Vallejo Pareja, C. Jaramillo, Edwin (2015), "Revised stratigraphy of Neogene strata in the Cocinetas Basin, La Guajira, Colombia" (PDF), Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 134 (1): 5–43, Bibcode:2015SwJP..134....5M, doi:10.1007/s13358-015-0071-4, retrieved 2017-08-08{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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Pérez, María E.; Vallejo Pareja, María C.; Carrillo, Juan D.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2017), "A New Pliocene Capybara (Rodentia, Caviidae) from Northern South America (Guajira, Colombia), and its Implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange", Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 24: 111–125, doi:10.1007/s10914-016-9356-7, retrieved 2017-04-04
Suárez, Catalina; Forasiepi, AnalÍa M.; Goin, Francisco J.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2015), "Insights into the Neotropics Prior to the Great American Biotic Interchange: new evidence of mammalian predators from the Miocene of Northern Colombia" (PDF), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 36 (1): e1029581, doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.1029581, hdl:11336/53653, retrieved 2019-02-13

Barzalosa Formation

Acosta, Jorge E.; Guatame, Rafael; Caicedo A., Juan Carlos; Cárdenas, Jorge Ignacio (2002), Mapa Geológico de Colombia - Plancha 245 - Girardot - 1:100,000 - Memoria Explicativa, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–92

Gualanday Group

Billet, Guillaume; Orliac, Maëva; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier; Jaramillo, Carlos (2010), "New observations and reinterpretation on the enigmatic taxon Colombitherium (?Pyrotheria, Mammalia) from Colombia" (PDF), Palaeontology, 59 (2): 319–325, Bibcode:2010Palgy..53..319B, doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00936.x, retrieved 2017-05-17

Honda Group

Cadena, Edwin; Jaramillo, Carlos; Páramo, María E. (2008), "New material of Chelus colombiana (Testudines; Pleurodira) from the Lower Miocene of Colombia" (PDF), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 28 (4): 1206–1212, Bibcode:2008JVPal..28.1206C, doi:10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1206, retrieved 2017-05-04
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Kay, Richard F.; Madden, Richard H. (1997), "Mammals and rainfall: paleoecology of the middle Miocene at La Venta (Colombia, South America)", Journal of Human Evolution, 32 (2–3): 161–199, Bibcode:1997JHumE..32..161K, doi:10.1006/jhev.1996.0104, PMID 9061556, retrieved 2017-05-04
Lundberg, John G.; Chernoff, Barry (1992), "A Miocene Fossil of the Amazonian Fish Arapaima (Teleostei, Arampaimidae) from the Magdalena River Region of Colombia - Biogeographic and Evolutionary Implications" (PDF), Biotropica, 24 (1): 2–16, Bibcode:1992Biotr..24....2L, doi:10.2307/2388468, JSTOR 2388468, retrieved 2017-05-04
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Pardo Jaramillo, Mauricio (2010), "Reporte de un nuevo ejemplar de Granastrapotherium snorki en el Valle Superior del Magdalena, Desierto de la Tatacoa, Huila. Colombia" (PDF), Revista Académica Colombiana de Ciencias Naturales, 34: 253–256, retrieved 2017-05-04 Archived 2014-02-02 at the Wayback Machine
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Rosenberger, A.L.; Setoguchi, T.; Hartwig, W.C. (1991), "Laventiana annectens, new genus and species: fossil evidence for the origins of callitrichine New World monkeys", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 88 (6): 2137–2140, Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.2137R, doi:10.1073/pnas.88.6.2137, PMC 51184, PMID 1900937
Setoguchi, Takeshi; Rosenberger, Alfred L. (1988), "A fossil owl monkey from La Venta, Colombia" (PDF), Kyoto University Overseas Research Reports of New World Monkeys, 6: 1–6, retrieved 2017-05-04
Setoguchi, T (1985), "Kondous laventicus, a new ceboid primate from the Miocene of the La Venta, Colombia, South America", Folia Primatol, 44 (2): 96–101, doi:10.1159/000156200, PMID 4043876, retrieved 2017-05-04
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Villarroel A., Carlos; Setoguchi, Takeshi; Brieva, Jorge; Macia, Carlos (1996), "Geology of the La Tatacoa "Desert" (Huila, Colombia): Precisions on the Stratigraphy of the Honda Group, the Evolution of the "Pata High" and the Presence of the La Venta Fauna" (PDF), Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University. Series of Geology and Mineralogy, 58: 41–66, retrieved 2017-05-04
Wheeler, Brandon (2010), "Community ecology of the Middle Miocene primates of La Venta, Colombia: the relationship between ecological diversity, divergence time, and phylogenetic richness", Primates, 51 (2): 131–138, doi:10.1007/s10329-009-0181-y, PMID 20037832

Los Hoyos beds

Villaroel A., Carlos; Brieva B., Jorge; Cadena, Alberto (1989), "Descubrimiento de mamíferos fósiles de edad Lujanense (Pleistoceno tardío) en el "Desierto" de la Tatacoa (Huila, Colombia)" (PDF), Caldasia, 16: 119–125, retrieved 2019-02-12

Mugrosa Formation

Gómez, Luis Alfonso; Patiño, Alejandro; Renzoni, Giancarlo; Beltrán, Alejandro; Quintero, Claudia; Manrique, Martín (2008), Geología de la Plancha 119 Barrancabermeja - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–105

Rotinet Formation

Páramo Fonseca, María Euridice; Escobar Quemba, Ingrid Carolina (2010), "Restos mandibulares de mastodonte encontrados en cercanías de Cartagena, Colombia" (PDF), Geología Colombiana, 35: 50–57, retrieved 2019-02-12 Archived 2017-08-06 at the Wayback Machine

Sincelejo Formation

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Ecuador

Biblián Formation

Veintimilla González, Liliana Alexandra (2015), Solución geológica, geotécnica, hidrológica, hidráulica y estructural de la alcantarilla que sirve a la autopista Cuenca-Azogues, Abscisa km. 4+667 (thesis) (PDF), Universidad de Cuenca, pp. 1–111, retrieved 2018-09-11

Dos Bocas Formation

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Letrero Formation

Romero Carrasco, Ana Iveth (2017), Marcas de herbivoría en hojas fósiles de las cuencas miocénicas del sur del Ecuador (BSc. thesis) (PDF), Universidad Central del Ecuador, pp. 1–39, retrieved 2017-10-26

Onzole Formation

Ramírez Parrales, María Fernanda (2013), Registros de la deformación y del volcanismo en el dominio del antearco ecuatoriano: sedimentología y bioestratigrafía de la Formación Borbón (thesis) (PDF), Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, pp. 1–202, retrieved 2018-09-12

Seca Formation

Lorenzo, Erica (2018), "Correlación geoquímica entre crudos y rocas del sistema petrolero de la península de Santa Elena y el golfo de Guayaquil" (PDF), Boletín de Geología, 40: 31–42, doi:10.18273/revbol.v40n1-2018002, retrieved 2018-09-11

Paraguay

Chaco Formation

Filí, M.F (2001), "Síntesis Geológica e Hidrogeológica del noroeste de la provincia de Entre Ríos - República Argentina" (PDF), Boletín Geológico y Minero, 112: 25–36, retrieved 2018-09-03
Various, Authors (1986), Mapa Geológico del Paraguay - Proyecto PAR 86 - Escala 1:1,000,000 - Texto explicativo (PDF), _, pp. 1–62, retrieved 2018-09-03

Peru

Peruvian Amazon

Antoine, Pierre-Olivier; Abello, M. Alejandra; Adnet, Sylvain; Altamirano Sierra, Ali J.; Baby, Patrice; Billet, Guillaume; Boivin, Myriam; Calderón, Ysabel; Candela, Jules Chabain, Fernando Corfu, Darin A. Croft, Morgan Ganerød, Carlos Jaramillo, Sebastian Klaus, Laurent Marivaux, Rosa E. Navarrete, Maëva J. Orliac, Francisco Parra, María Encarnación Pérez, François Pujos, Jean-Claude Rage, Anthony Ravel, Céline Robinet, Martin Roddaz, Julia Victoria Tejada Lara, Jorge Vélez Juarbe, Frank P. Wesselingh, Rodolfo Salas Gismondi, Adriana (2016), "A 60-million-year Cenozoic history of western Amazonian ecosystems in Contamana, eastern Peru", Gondwana Research, 31: 30–59, Bibcode:2016GondR..31...30A, doi:10.1016/j.gr.2015.11.001, retrieved 2017-08-15{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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Sechura Basin

Córdova Aguilar, Arturo (2009), Proyecto: "desarrollo de capacidades para una propuesta de zoneamiento ecológico económica (ZEE) para el ordenamiento territorial del Departamento de Piura" - área: Geología y potencial de recursos mineros (PDF), Ministry of Environment, Peru, pp. 1–83, retrieved 2018-09-11

Chambira Formation

Boivin, Myriam; Marivaux, Laurent; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier (2019), "New insight from the Paleogene record of Amazonia into the early diversification of Caviomorpha (Hystricognathi, Rodentia): phylogenetic, macroevolutionary, and paleobiogeographic implications", Geodiversitas, 41 (4): 143–245, doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a4, retrieved 2019-02-28
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Marivaux, Laurent; Adnet, Sylvain; Altamirano Sierra, Ali J.; Boivin, Myriam; Pujos, François; Ramdarshan, Anusha; Salas Gismondi, Rodolfo; Tejada, Julia; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier (2016), "Neotropics provide insights into the emergence of New World monkeys: New dental evidence from the late Oligocene of Peruvian Amazonia", Journal of Human Evolution, 97: 159–175, Bibcode:2016JHumE..97..159M, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.05.011, PMID 27457552, retrieved 2019-02-04

Chilcatay Formation

Bianucci, Giovanni; Bosio, Giulia; Malinverno, Elisa; De Muizon, Christian; Villa, Igor M.; Urbina, Mario; Lambert, Olivier (2018), "A new large squalodelphinid (Cetacea, Odontoceti) from Peru sheds light on the Early Miocene platanistoid disparity and ecology", Royal Society Open Science, 5 (4): 172302, Bibcode:2018RSOS....572302B, doi:10.1098/rsos.172302, PMC 5936943, PMID 29765678
De la Cruz, Aldo Alván (2008), "Geología de Ocucaje: aportes en la sedimentología y paleontología de Lomas de Ullujaya (Ica, Perú)" (PDF), Revista del Instituto de Investigaciones FIGMMG, 11: 51–59, retrieved 2017-08-15
Lambert, Olivier; De Muizon, Christian; Malinverno, Elisa; Di Celma, Claudio; Urbina, Mario; Bianucci, Giovanni (2017), "A new odontocete (toothed cetacean) from the Early Miocene of Peru expands the morphological disparity of extinct heterodont dolphins", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 16 (12): 981–1016, doi:10.1080/14772019.2017.1359689, hdl:11568/891482, retrieved 2019-02-12
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Chota Formation

Chacaltana, César; Benites Cañote, Alexandra Lucytania; Valdivia, Waldir; Chumpitaz, Marco (2014), La formación Chota en la Cuenca Bagua: Evaluación e implicancias del criterio de clasificación litoestratigráfico, Congreso Peruano de Geología, pp. 1–4, retrieved 2017-08-15

Iñapari Formation

Frailey, Carl D (1986), "Late Miocene and Holocene mammals, exclusive of the Notoungulata, of the Rio Acre Region, western Amazonia" (PDF), Contributions in Science, 374: 1–46, doi:10.5962/p.208117, retrieved 2017-08-15
De Iullis, Gerardo; Gaudin, Timothy J.; Vicars, Matthew J. (2011), "A new genus and species of nothrotheriid sloth (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Nothrotheriidae) from the Late Miocene (Huayquerian) of Peru", Palaeontology, 54 (1): 171–205, Bibcode:2011Palgy..54..171D, doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.01001.x

Madre de Dios Formation

Frailey, Carl David; Campbell Jr., Kenneth E. (2012), "Two New Genera of Peccaries (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Tayassuidae) from Upper Miocene Deposits of the Amazon Basin", Journal of Paleontology, 86 (5): 852–877, Bibcode:2012JPal...86..852F, doi:10.1666/12-012.1, retrieved 2019-02-15
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Romero P., Lidia; Morales R., María del Carmen; Carpio R, Mario (1998), Geología de los cuadrángulos de Río Acre 22-v, Iñapari 22-x, Qda. Mala 23-v, Iberia 23-x, San Lorenzo 23-y, Puerto Lidia 24-v, Río Manuripe 24-x, Mavila 24-y, Santa María 24-z, Valencia 25-z, Palma Real 26-z y Río Heath 27-z (PDF), INGEMMET, pp. 1–201, retrieved 2019-02-12

Mogollón Formation

Antoine, Pierre-Olivier; Billet, Guillaume; Salas Gismondi, Rodolfo; Tejada Lara, Julia; Baby, Patrice; Brusset, Stéphane; Espurt, Nicolas (2015), "A New Carodnia Simpson, 1935 (Mammalia, Xenungulata) from the Early Eocene of Northwestern Peru and a Phylogeny of Xenungulates at Species Level", Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 22 (2): 129–140, doi:10.1007/s10914-014-9278-1, retrieved 2019-02-13
Quispe Alcalá, David Ricardo (2010), Evaluación Geológica de la Formación Mogollón en el Yacimiento Leones – Cuenca Talara (MSc. thesis) (PDF), Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, pp. 1–87, retrieved 2017-10-18 Archived 2021-12-06 at the Wayback Machine

Moquegua Formation

Alván, Aldo; Ramírez, Katerin; von Eynatten, Hilmar; Dunkl, István; Jacay, Javier; Bertone, Gabriela (2017), "Evolución Geológica de las Cuencas de Antearco del Sur de Perú (Moquegua y Camaná-Mollendo): Proveniencia Sedimentaria y Análisis de Facies en Rocas Cenozoicas", Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica del Perú, 112: 53–77, retrieved 2018-09-10
Shockey, Bruce J.; Billet, Guillaume; Salas Gismondi, Rodolfo (2016), "A new species of Trachytherus (Notoungulata: Mesotheriidae) from the late Oligocene (Deseadan) of Southern Peru and the middle latitude diversification of early diverging mesotheriids", Zootaxa, 4111 (5): 565–583, doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4111.5.3, PMID 27395103, retrieved 2019-02-12

Muñani Formation

Gelfo, Javier N.; Sigé, Bernard (2011), "A new didolodontid mammal from the late Paleocene–earliest Eocene of Laguna Umayo, Peru" (PDF), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 56 (4): 665–678, doi:10.4202/app.2010.0067, retrieved 2017-08-15

Paracas Formation

Clarke, Julia A.; Ksepka, Daniel T.; Stucchi, Marcelo; Urbina, Mario; Giannini, Norberto; Bertelli, Sara; Narváez, Yanina; Boyd, Clint A. (2007), "Paleogene equatorial penguins challenge the proposed relationship between penguin biogeography, body size evolution, and Cenozoic climate change", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104 (28): 11545–11550, doi:10.1073/pnas.0611099104, PMC 1913862, PMID 17601778, retrieved 2017-08-15

Pisco Formation

Altamirano Sierra, Alí J (2013), "Primer registro de pelicano (Aves: Pelecanidae) para el Mioceno tardio de la formacion Pisco, Peru" (PDF), Bulletin de l'Institut français d'études andines, 42: 1–12, retrieved 2017-09-04
Báez Gómez, Diego A (2006), "Estudio paleoambiental de la formación Pisco:: Localidad Ocucaje" (PDF), Revista del Instituto de Investigaciones FIGMMG, 9: 64–69, retrieved 2017-09-04
Bianucci, Giovanni; Di Celma, Claudio; Urbina, Mario; Lambert, Olivier (2016), "New beaked whales from the late Miocene of Peru and evidence for convergent evolution in stem and crown Ziphiidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti)" (PDF), PeerJ, 4: e2479, doi:10.7717/peerj.2479, PMC 5036081, PMID 27688973, retrieved 2019-02-12 Archived 2020-02-21 at the Wayback Machine
Brand, Leonard; Urbina, Mario; Chadwick, Arthur; DeVries, Thomas J.; Esperante, Raul (2011), "A high resolution stratigraphic framework for the remarkable fossil cetacean assemblage of the Miocene/Pliocene Pisco Formation, Peru", Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 31 (4): 414–425, Bibcode:2011JSAES..31..414B, doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2011.02.015
Collareta, Alberto; Lambert, Olivier; De Muizon, Christian; Urbina, Mario; Bianucci, Giovanni (2017), "Koristocetus pescei gen. et sp. nov., a diminutive sperm whale (Cetacea: Odontoceti: Kogiidae) from the late Miocene of Peru", Fossil Record, 20 (2): 259–278, Bibcode:2017FossR..20..259C, doi:10.5194/fr-20-259-2017, retrieved 2019-02-12
Lambert, Olivier; Bianucci, Giovanni; Urbina, Mario; Geisler, Jonathan H. (2017), "A new inioid (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Delphinida) from the Miocene of Peru and the origin of modern dolphin and porpoise families", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 179 (4): 919–946
Marx, Felix G.; Lambert, Olivier; De Muizon, Christian (2017), "A new Miocene baleen whale from Peru deciphers the dawn of cetotheriids", Royal Society Open Science, 4 (9): 170560, Bibcode:2017RSOS....470560M, doi:10.1098/rsos.170560, PMC 5627101, PMID 28989761, retrieved 2019-02-12
Marx, Felix G.; Kohno, Naoki (2016), "A new Miocene baleen whale from the Peruvian desert", Royal Society Open Science, 3 (10): 160542, Bibcode:2016RSOS....360542M, doi:10.1098/rsos.160542, PMC 5098998, PMID 27853573, retrieved 2019-02-12
Poma Porras, Orlando; Horna Santillán, Edgard; Esperante, Raúl (2009), "Baleen Fósil (Cetacea: mysticeti) en Sedimentos de la Cuenca Marina del Neógeno en la Formación Pisco, al Sur del Perú" (PDF), Revista de Investigación Universitaria, 1: 84–97, retrieved 2017-09-04 Archived 2017-09-05 at the Wayback Machine
Ramassamy, Benjamin; Lambert, Olivier; Collareta, Alberto; Urbina, Mario; Bianucci, Giovanni (2018), "Description of the skeleton of the fossil beaked whale Messapicetus gregarius: searching potential proxies for deep-diving abilities" (PDF), Fossil Record, 21 (1): 11–32, Bibcode:2018FossR..21...11R, doi:10.5194/fr-21-11-2018, retrieved 2019-02-11
Solís Mundaca, Flavio Alejandro (2018), Bioestratigrafía e implicancias paleoceanográficas de las diatomeas de la sección Cerro Caucato, Formación Pisco, Ica, Peru (MSc. thesis) (PDF), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, pp. 1–158, retrieved 2018-09-10 Archived 2018-09-11 at the Wayback Machine
Stucchi, Marcelo; Emslie, Steven D.; Varas Malca, Rafael M.; Urbina Schmitt, Mario (2015a), "A new late Miocene condor (Aves, Cathartidae) from Peru and the origin of South American condors", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 35 (5): e972507, Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E2507S, doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.972507, retrieved 2019-02-13
Stucchi, Marcelo; Varas Malca, Rafael M.; Urbina Schmitt, Mario (2015b), "New Miocene sulid birds from Peru and considerations on their Neogene fossil record in the Eastern Pacific Ocean" (PDF), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 61 (2): 417–427, retrieved 2019-02-13
Stucchi, M (2007), "Los pingüinos de la Formación Pisco (Neógeno), Perú" (PDF), 4th European Meeting on the Palaeontology and Stratigraphy of Latin America, Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, 8: 367–373, retrieved 2017-09-04

Pozo Formation

Antoine, P.O.; Marivaux, L.; Croft, D.A.; Billet, G.; Ganerod, M.; Jaramillo, C.; Martin, T.; Orliac, M.; Tejada, A. J. Altamirano, F. Duranthon, G. Fanjat, S. Rousse and R. Salas Gismondi, J. (2011), "Middle Eocene rodents from Peruvian Amazonia reveal the pattern and timing of caviomorph origins and biogeography", Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 279 (1732): 1319–1326, doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1732, PMC 3282368, PMID 21993503, retrieved 2019-02-14{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Boivin, Myriam; Marivaux, Laurent; Orliac, Maëva J.; Pujos, François; Salas Gismondi, Rodolfo; Tejada Lara, Julia V.; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier (2017), "Late middle Eocene caviomorph rodents from Contamana, Peruvian Amazonia", Palaeontologia Electronica, 20 (1): Article number 20.1.19A, retrieved 2019-02-12

Soncco Formation

Carlotto, Víctor (2016), Dataciones por trazas de fisión en los depósitos continentales terciarios de la Región de Cusco, XIII Congreso Peruano de Geología, pp. 521–524, retrieved 2017-08-15

Yahuarango Formation

Bond, Mariano; Tejedor, Marcelo F.; Campbell Jr., Kenneth E.; Chornogubsky, Laura; Novo, Nelson; Goin, Francisco (2015), "Eocene primates of South America and the African origins of New World monkeys", Nature, 520 (7548): 538–546, Bibcode:2015Natur.520..538B, doi:10.1038/nature14120, PMID 25652825, retrieved 2017-09-24
Campbell, K.E.; Frailey, C.D.; Romero Pittman, L. (2004), "The Paleogene Santa Rosa Local Fauna of Amazonian Perú: Geographic and Geologic Setting" (PDF), Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series, 40: 1–164, retrieved 2019-02-15
Ciancio, Martín Ricardo; Carlini, Alfredo A.; Campbell, Kenneth E.; Scillato Yané, Gustavo J. (2013), "New Palaeogene cingulates (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from Santa Rosa, Perú and their importance in the context of South American faunas", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 11 (6): 727–741, Bibcode:2013JSPal..11..727C, doi:10.1080/14772019.2012.704949, hdl:11336/23283, retrieved 2019-02-15

Yumaque Formation

Lambert, O.; Martínez Cáceres, M.; Bianucci, G.; Di Celma, C.; Salas Gismondi, R.; Steurbaut, E.; Urbina, Mario; de Muizon, C. (2017), "Earliest Mysticete from the Late Eocene of Peru Sheds New Light on the Origin of Baleen Whales", Current Biology, 27 (10): 1–7, Bibcode:2017CBio...27E1535L, doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.026, PMID 28502655, retrieved 2019-02-04

Uruguay

Pleistocene

Martínez, Sergio A.; Ubilla, M. (2009), El Cuaternario en Uruguay, Universidad de la República de Uruguay, pp. 195–228, retrieved 2019-02-12

Camacho Formation

Fernicola, Juan C.; Rinderknecht, Andrés; Jones, Washington; Vizcaíno, Sergio F.; Propino, Kleberson (2018), "A new species of Neoglyptatelus (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the late Miocene of Uruguay provides new insights on the evolution of the dorsal armor in cingulates", Ameghiniana, 55 (3): 233–252, doi:10.5710/AMGH.02.12.2017.3150, hdl:11336/96801, retrieved 2018-10-01
Rinderknecht, Andrés (2011), Estudio sobre los roedores gigantes del Uruguay, Departamento de San José (Mioceno tardío-Pliocene) y sus implicancias para la sistemática y taxonomía de la familia Dinomyidae (Mammalia, Rodentia) (PDF), Universidad de la República, pp. 1–101, retrieved 2018-10-01
Verde, Mariano (2002), Icnología de la formación Camacho (Mioceno tardío) del Uruguay (MSc. thesis) (PDF), Universidad de la República, pp. 1–125, retrieved 2017-08-15

Dolores Formation

Alberdi, María Teresa; Prado, José Luis; Perea, Daniel; Ubilla, Martín (2007), "Stegomastodon waringi (Mammalia, Proboscidea) from the Late Pleistocene of northeastern Uruguay", Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen, 243 (2): 179–189, doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2007/0243-0179, retrieved 2017-05-07
Alvarenga, Herculano; Jones, Washington; Rinderknecht, Andrés (2010), "The youngest record of phorusrhacid birds (Aves, Phorusrhacidae) from the late Pleistocene of Uruguay" (PDF), Neues Jahrbuch der Geologische und Paläontologische Abhandlungen, 256 (2): 229–234, doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0052, retrieved 2018-09-10
Gutiérrez, Mercedes; Prado, José Luis; Perea, Daniel; Ubilla, Martín (2005), "Late Pleistocene Stegomastodon (Mammalia, Proboscidea) from Uruguay", Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte, 2005 (11): 641–662, doi:10.1127/njgpm/2005/2005/641, retrieved 2017-05-07

Fray Bentos Formation

Bond, Mariano; López, Guillermo; Reguero, Marcelo A.; Scillato Yané, Gustavo J.; Vucetich, María G. (1998), "Los mamíferos de la Formación Fray Bentos (Edad mamífero Deseadense, Oligoceno Superior) de las provincias de Corrientes y Entre Ríos, Argentina", Asociación Paleontológica Argentina. Publicación Especial, 5: 41–50, retrieved 2018-09-12
Tófalo, Ofelia Rita; Morrás, Héctor J.M. (2009), "Evidencias paleoclimáticas en duricostras, paleosuelos y sedimentitas silicoclásticas, del Cenozoico de Uruguay" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina: 674–686, retrieved 2018-09-12

Raigón Formation

Tófalo, Ofelia Rita; Morrás, Héctor J.M. (2009), "Evidencias paleoclimáticas en duricostras, paleosuelos y sedimentitas silicoclásticas, del Cenozoico de Uruguay" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina: 674–686, retrieved 2018-09-12

San José Formation

Rinderknecht, Andrés; Noriega, Jorge Ignacio (2002), "A new genus of Anhingidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes) from the Pliocene-Pleistocene of Uruguay (San José Formation)", Ameghiniana, 39: 183–191, retrieved 2019-02-12

Sopas Formation

Corona, Andrea; Ubilla, Martín; Perea, Daniel (2019), "New records and diet reconstruction using dental microwear analysis for Neolicaphrium recens Frenguelli, 1921 (Litopterna, Proterotheriidae)", Andean Geology, 46: 153–167, doi:10.5027/andgeoV46n1-3136, retrieved 2019-02-28

Venezuela

Chaguaramas Formation

Horovitz, Inés; Sánchez Villagra, Marcelo R. (2012), El Registro Fósil del Cenozoico (PDF), Venezuela Paleontológica: Evolución de la diversidad en el pasado, pp. 133–156, retrieved 2017-10-21

Parángula Formation

Paolillo, Alfredo; Linares, Omar J. (2007), "Nuevos cocodrilos Sebecosuchia del Cenozoico suramericano (Mesosuchia: Crocodylia)" (PDF), Paleobiología Neotropical, 03: 1–25, retrieved 2017-08-15

Falcón Basin
Cantaure & Paraguaná Formations

Mendi, David; Rodríguez, Eliana (2005), Integración geológica de la Península de Paraguaná, Estado Falcón (MSc thesis), Universidad Central de Venezuela, pp. 1–184, retrieved 2017-10-26

Capadare Formation

Ferreira, Gabriel S.; Rincón, Ascanio D.; Solórzano, Andrés; Langer, Max C. (2015), "The last marine pelomedusoids (Testudines: Pleurodira): a new species of Bairdemys and the paleoecology of Stereogenyina" (PDF), PeerJ, 3: e1063, doi:10.7717/peerj.1063, PMC 4493680, PMID 26157628, retrieved 2019-02-13 Archived 2017-12-02 at the Wayback Machine
Penín Cendón, José Antonio; Villarroel Estaba, Vanessa Ilia (2005), Integracrón y actualización geológica del área de Jacura y Capadare, Estado Falcón (PDF), Universidad Central de Venezuela, pp. 1–199, retrieved 2017-08-15

Castillo Formation

Johnson, Kenneth G.; Sánchez Villagra, Marcelo R.; Aguilera, Órangel A. (2009), "The Oligocene-Miocene transition on coral reefs in the Falcón Basin (NW Venezuela)", PALAIOS, 24 (1): 59–69, Bibcode:2009Palai..24...59J, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.617.9079, doi:10.2110/palo.2008.p08-004r, retrieved 2017-08-15
Rincón, Ascanio D.; Solórzano, Andrés; McDonald, H. Gregory; Núñez Flores, Mónica (2017), "Baraguatherium takumara, gen. et sp. nov., the earliest mylodontoid sloth (early Miocene) from northern South America", Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 24 (2): 179–191, doi:10.1007/s10914-016-9328-y, retrieved 2019-02-12
Rincón, Ascanio D.; Solórzano, Andrés; Benammi, Mouloud; Vignaud, Patrick; McDonald, H. Gregory (2014), "Chronology and geology of an Early Miocene mammalian assemblage in North of South America, from Cerro La Cruz (Castillo Formation), Lara State, Venezuela: implications in the 'changing course of Orinoco River' hypothesis" (PDF), Andean Geology, 41: 507–528, retrieved 2018-09-07
Solórzano, Andrés; Rincón, Ascanio D.; Cidade, Giovanne M.; Núñez Flores, Mónica; Sánchez, Leonardo (2019), "Lower Miocene alligatoroids (Crocodylia) from the Castillo Formation, northwest of Venezuela" (PDF), Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 99 (2): 241–259, Bibcode:2019PdPe...99..241S, doi:10.1007/s12549-018-0332-5, retrieved 2018-09-07
Urbani, Franco; Mendi, David (2010), "Notas sobre la discordancia del margen sur de la cuenca Oligo-Miocena de Falcón estados Lara, Falcón y Yaracuy, Venezuela", Boletín de la Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales, LXX: 9–25, retrieved 2017-08-15

Mesa Formation

Granadino A., Maybelle N (2012), Evaluación hidrogeológica-geofísica de las formaciones Mesa y Las Piedras aflorantes en Santa Clara, Estado Anzoátegui (BS thesis) (PDF), Universidad Central de Venezuela, pp. 1–126, retrieved 2019-02-12

Río Yuca Formation

Rincón, Ascanio D.; Solórzano, Andrés; Macsotay, Oliver; McDonald, H. Gregory; Nüñez Flores, Mónica (2016), "A new Miocene vertebrate assemblage from the Río Yuca Formation (Venezuela) and the northernmost record of typical Miocene mammals of high latitude (Patagonian) affinities in South America", Geobios, 757 (5): 1–35, Bibcode:2016Geobi..49..395R, doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2016.06.005, retrieved 2019-02-12

San Gregorio Formation

Carlini, Alfredo A.; Brandoni, Diego; Sánchez, Rodolfo; Sánchez Villagra, Marcelo R. (2018), "A new Megatheriinae skull (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) from the Pliocene of Northern Venezuela – implications for a giant sloth dispersal to Central and North America", Palaeontologia Electronica, 21 (2): Article number, doi:10.26879/771, retrieved 2019-02-11
Castro, Mariela C.; Carlini, Alfredo A.; Sánchez, Rodolfo; Sánchez Villagra, Marcelo R. (2014), "A new Dasypodini armadillo (Xenarthra: Cingulata) from San Gregorio Formation, Pliocene of Venezuela: affinities and biogeographic interpretations", Naturwissenschaften, . (2): 1–10, Bibcode:2014NW....101...77C, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.721.1471, doi:10.1007/s00114-013-1131-5, PMID 24414134, retrieved 2017-08-15

Santa Inés Formation

Simpson, George Gaylord (1947), "A Miocene glyptodont from Venezuela", American Museum Novitates (1368): 1–10, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.866.6506, retrieved 2018-10-01

Urumaco, Socorro & Codore Formations

Carrillo Briceño, Jorge D.; Maxwell, Erin; Aguilera, Órangel A.; Sánchez, Rodolfo; Sánchez Villagra, Marcelo R. (2015), "Sawfishes and Other Elasmobranch Assemblages from the Mio-Pliocene of the South Caribbean (Urumaco Sequence, Northwestern Venezuela)", PLoS ONE, 10 (10): e0139230, Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1039230C, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139230, PMC 4619466, PMID 26488163
Linares, Omar J (2004), "Bioestratigrafía de la fauna de mamíferos de las formaciones Socorro, Urumaco y Codore (Mioceno Medio-Plioceno Temprano) de la región de Urumaco, Falcón, Venezuela" (PDF), Paleobiología Neotropical, 1: 1–26, retrieved 2017-08-15 Archived 2017-07-22 at the Wayback Machine
Quijano Ballesteros, Jhon Richard (2005), Estudio magnetoestratigráfico en la sección de El Mamón (miembro medio de la Formación Urumaco, Estado Falcón) (MSc. thesis) (PDF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, pp. 1–92, retrieved 2017-10-27 Archived 2018-04-09 at the Wayback Machine
Rincón, Ascanio D.; Solórzano, Andrés; McDonald, H. Gregory; Montellano Ballesteros, Marisol (2018), "Two new megalonychid sloths (Mammalia: Xenarthra) from the Urumaco Formation (late Miocene), and their phylogenetic affinities", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 17 (5): 409–421, doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1427639, retrieved 2019-02-11
Rincón, Ascanio D.; McDonald, H. Gregory; Solórzano, Andrés; Núñez Flores, Mónica; Ruiz Ramoni, Damián (2015), "A new enigmatic Late Miocene mylodontoid sloth from northern South America", Royal Society Open Science, 2 (2): 140256, Bibcode:2015RSOS....240256R, doi:10.1098/rsos.140256, PMC 4448802, PMID 26064594, retrieved 2019-02-13