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2 Chronicles 15

2 Chronicles 15 is the fifteenth chapter of the Second Book of Chronicles the Old Testament in the Christian Bible or of the second part of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible.[1][2] The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE.[3] This chapter belongs to the section focusing on the kingdom of Judah until its destruction by the Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar and the beginning of restoration under Cyrus the Great of Persia (2 Chronicles 10 to 36).[1] The focus of this chapter is the reign of Asa, king of Judah.[4]

Text

This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language and is divided into 19 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).[5]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century).[6][a]

Old Testament references

The prophecy of Azariah (15:1–7)

The section records Azariah's speech, which can be divided into three parts (after the introduction):[11]

The speech's introduction addresses a broad audience: king Asa, people of Judah, and of Benjamin (excluding the Israelites from the northern kingdom). Verse 2 speaks of the reciprocity principles in divine-human relations "The Lord is with you, while you are with him", corollary of the 'measure-for-measure' principle spoken by Shemaiah in 2 Chronicles 12:5.[12] The historical parts could refer to the judges period (cf. e.g. Judges 2:11-14; 17:6) or to a midrash-like reworking of Hosea 3:4.[11] Azariah's speech concluded with a 'call for courageous deeds', patterned after Jeremiah 31:16: 'For your work shall be rewarded'.[13]

Verse 1

And the Spirit of God came upon Azariah the son of Oded:[14]

Asa’s reforms (15:8–19)

Asa responded immediately to Azariah's sermon by carrying out religious reforms, and then initiated a great assembly (modelled on 2 Kings 23) to establish a covenant renewal (cf. Exodus 19:3–8),[12] accompanied with a joyful and enthusiastic sacrificial ceremony.[13] The general assembly (verse 9) not only included the people of Judah and Benjamin, but also those from the northern kingdom who were regarded as 'strangers' from the Chronicler's perspective, from the tribes Ephraim, Manasseh, and Simeon (cf. 2 Chronicles 34:6).[13] The "third month" points to the date of "the Sinai theophany" and the "Feast of Weeks" (Shavuot or Pentecost) with sacrifices based on the number "seven" (seven hundred...seven thousand) to link with that particular feast (seven times seven).[13]

Verse 8

And when Asa heard these words, and the prophecy of Oded the prophet, he took courage, and put away the abominable idols out of all the land of Judah and Benjamin, and out of the cities which he had taken from mount Ephraim, and renewed the altar of the Lord, that was before the porch of the Lord.[17]

the vicinity of the mountains of Ephraim; cf 2 Chronicles 16:6), which Asa built after his war with Baasha or even to his father Abijah's conquest (2 Chronicles 13:19).[13]

Verse 10

So they gathered together at Jerusalem in the third month, in the fifteenth year of the reign of Asa.[19]

Verse 19

And there was no war until the thirty-fifth year of the reign of Asa.[22]

See also

  • Related Bible parts: Exodus 19, Judges 2, 1 Kings 15, 1 Chronicles 6, 1 Chronicles 18, 1 Chronicles 22, 1 Chronicles 29, 2 Chronicles 6, 2 Chronicles 13, 2 Chronicles 34, Ezra 3

    • Notes

    1. ^ The whole book of 2 Chronicles is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.[7][8][9]

    References

    1. ^ a b Ackroyd 1993, p. 113.
    2. ^ Mathys 2007, p. 268.
    3. ^ Ackroyd 1993, pp. 113–114.
    4. ^ Mathys 2007, p. 290.
    5. ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 36–37.
    6. ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
    7. ^ Würthwein, Ernst (1988). Der Text des Alten Testaments (2nd ed.). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. p. 85. ISBN 3-438-06006-X.
    8. ^ Swete, Henry Barclay (1902). An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek. Cambridge: Macmillan and Co. pp. 129–130.
    9. ^  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Codex Sinaiticus". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
    10. ^ 2 Chronicles 15 Berean Study Bible. Biblehub
    11. ^ a b c Mathys 2007, p. 291.
    12. ^ a b Coogan 2007, p. 638 Hebrew Bible.
    13. ^ a b c d e f g Mathys 2007, p. 292.
    14. ^ 2 Chronicles 15:1 KJV
    15. ^ Note on 2 Chronicles 15:1 in ESV
    16. ^ Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). On "2 Chronicles 15". In: The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019.
    17. ^ 2 Chronicles 15:8 KJV
    18. ^ Note on 2 Chronicles 15:8 in NKJV
    19. ^ 2 Chronicles 15:10 NKJV
    20. ^ Thiele, Edwin R., The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings, (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). ISBN 0-8254-3825-X, 9780825438257
    21. ^ McFall 1991, no. 9.
    22. ^ 2 Chronicles 15:19 NKJV
    23. ^ Thiele 1951, p. 84
    24. ^ a b McFall 1991, no. 10.
    25. ^ McFall 1991, no. 8.
    26. ^ McFall 1991, no. 12.

    Sources

    External links