Observación de ciclón tropical
The passage of typhoons, hurricanes, as well as other tropical cyclones have been detected by word of mouth from sailors recently coming to port or by radio transmissions from ships at sea, from sediment deposits in near shore estuaries, to the wiping out of cities near the coastline.
Recent studies have concentrated on studying hurricane impacts lying within rocks or near shore lake sediments, which are branches of a new field known as paleotempestología.
[1] Ciertas rocas contienen isótopos de los elementos, conocidos como trazadores naturales, describiendo las condiciones bajo las cuales se formaron.
By studying the calcium carbonate in coral rock, past sea surface temperature and hurricane information can be revealed.
Lighter oxygen isotopes (18O) are left behind in coral during periods of very heavy rainfall.
This is important to note as the Beaufort Scale underestimates winds at higher wind speeds, indicating ship wind observations taken for older storms are likely to underrepresent their true value.
[8] A principios del siglo XX, forecasting the track of cyclones was still confined to areas of the greatest surface pressure falls, based upon surface weather observations, and climatology.
Land-based surface observations remain invaluable as a source of real-time information at locations near the coastline and inland.
[7] Land-based observations of pressure and wind can show how quickly a tropical cyclone is decaying as it moves inland.
[11] During landfall, the NOAA Hurricane Research Division compares and verifies data from reconnaissance aircraft, including wind speed data taken at flight level and from GPS dropwindsondes and stepped-frequency microwave radiometers, to wind speed data transmitted in real time from weather stations erected near or at the coast.
Upgraded in the 1990s to use doppler technology, radar can provide rainfall estimates, wind estimates, possible locations of tornadoes within a system's spiral bands, as well as the center location of a tropical cyclone.
[9] Beginning with the launching of TIROS-I in April 1960, satellites have been used to look for tropical cyclones.
Cloud top temperatures are used in real-time to estimate rainfall rates within the cyclone.
