Rulers of Iran and imperial areas from ancient times
Este artículo enumera los monarcas de Irán ( Persia ) desde el establecimiento de los medos alrededor del año 678 a. C. hasta la deposición de la dinastía Pahlavi en 1979.
La dinastía seléucida fue perdiendo gradualmente el control de Persia. En el año 253 a. C., la dinastía arsácida se estableció en Partia . Los partos fueron ampliando gradualmente su control hasta que, a mediados del siglo II a. C., los seléucidas habían perdido por completo el control de Persia. El control de los territorios orientales lo perdió definitivamente Antíoco VII en el año 129 a. C.
Para obtener listas más completas de reyes, reinas, subreyes y subreinas de esta era, consulte:
El reino Buyid estaba dividido en varios emiratos separados, de los cuales los más importantes eran Fars , Ray e Iraq . Generalmente, uno de los emires tenía una especie de supremacía primus inter pares sobre el resto, que se caracterizaba por títulos como Amir al-umara (que los vinculaba a la jerarquía del califato abasí ) y Shahanshah (que la dinastía recuperó como signo de independencia de los califas abasíes).
Para obtener listas más completas de reyes y subreyes de esta era, consulte:
^Behistun Inscription: This is Phraortes. He lied, saying: "I am Khshathrita, of the dynasty of Cyaxares. I am king in Media."
^G. Posener, La première domination perse en Égypte, Cairo, 1936, pp. 30–36.
^Jürgen von Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (= Münchner ägyptologische Studien, vol 46), Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1999. ISBN 3-8053-2310-7, pp. 220–21.
^Hoschander, Jacob (1918). "The Book of Esther in the Light of History". The Jewish Quarterly Review. 9 (1/2). Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning, Oxford University: 1–41. doi:10.2307/1451208. JSTOR 1451208. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
^ a bCNG: KINGS of PERSIS. Vādfradād (Autophradates) II. Early-mid 2nd century BC. AR Tetradrachm (25mm, 16.23 g, 11h). Istakhr (Persepolis) mint.
^Rezakhani, Khodadad (2010). "The "Unbekannter König III" and the Coinage of Hellenistic and Arsacid Persis". Nameye Iran-E Bastan, 15.
^ a bAssar, 2004.Assar, 2005. Assar, "Moses of Choren & the Early Parthian Chronology", 2006.
^ a b c d e f gQashqai, H., "The successors of Mithridates II"
^ a b c d e f gAssar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165–91 BC" Qashqai, H., "The successors of Mithridates II"
^Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165–91 BC"
^Josephus Flavius, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XVI, Ch.8.4
^Tacitus, The Annals, 11.10
^See: Unknown King (III) (c. AD 140)
^See: Tiridates III (c. AD 224 – 228?)
^In Persian it means "King of Kings"
^"The great king of Armenians"
^"The penetrator of the shoulders"
^"Queen"
^Bosworth 1996, p. 168-169.
^In arabic, ibn means son of. so muhammad ibn suri means: muhammad son of suri (so suri is his father)
^Bosworth 1977, p. 22-24.
^Bosworth 1977, p. 45.
^Bosworth 1977, p. 90.
^Bosworth 1977, p. 93-95.
^Bosworth 1996, p. 297.
^Muʾayyid S̲ābitī, ʻAlī (1967). Asnad va Namahha-yi Tarikhi (Historical documents and letters from early Islamic period towards the end of Shah Ismaʻil Safavi's reign.). Iranian culture & literature (46). Kitābkhānah-ʾi Ṭahūrī., pp. 193, 274, 315, 330, 332, 422 and 430. See also: Abdul Hussein Navai, Asnaad o Mokatebaat Tarikhi Iran (Historical sources and letters of Iran), Tehran, Bongaah Tarjomeh and Nashr-e-Ketab, 2536, pages 578,657, 701–702 and 707
^H.R. Roemer, "The Safavid Period", in Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. VI, Cambridge University Press 1986, p. 339: "Further evidence of a desire to follow in the line of Turkmen rulers is Ismail's assumption of the title 'Padishah-i-Iran', previously held by Uzun Hasan."
^بزرگ.
^"Ottoman and Persian Empires 1730–1875 by Sanderson Beck".
^Lang, David Marshall (1957), The Last Years of the Georgian Monarchy, 1658–1832, p. 148. Columbia University Press
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