stringtranslate.com

Lista de medidas electorales de Oregon

La lista de medidas electorales de Oregon enumera todas las medidas electorales a nivel estatal hasta el presente.

En Oregón , el proceso de iniciativa y referéndum se remonta a 1902, cuando los esfuerzos de la Liga de Legislación Directa impulsaron la modificación de la Constitución de Oregón por primera vez desde 1859. El proceso de iniciativa y referéndum pasó a ser conocido a nivel nacional como el Sistema de Oregón . [1] [2]

Tipos

Hay tres tipos de medidas electorales : iniciativas, referendos y remisiones. Se pueden incluir iniciativas y referendos en la boleta electoral si sus partidarios reúnen suficientes firmas de los votantes de Oregón; el número de firmas es un porcentaje basado en el número de votantes que votaron en la elección más reciente para Gobernador de Oregón .

Iniciativa
Cualquier cuestión puede presentarse ante los votantes, ya sea modificando la Constitución o revisando o añadiendo a los Estatutos Revisados ​​de Oregón . Las iniciativas constitucionales requieren la firma del ocho por ciento de los votantes recientes para calificar para la votación; las reformas estatutarias requieren el seis por ciento.
Referéndum
El público puede actuar para deshacer cualquier proyecto de ley aprobado por la Asamblea Legislativa de Oregón , mediante la inclusión de un referéndum en la boleta electoral. Un referéndum requiere que el cuatro por ciento de los votantes recientes califiquen para la votación.
Remisión legislativa
La Asamblea Legislativa puede someter al público para su aprobación cualquier proyecto de ley que apruebe, y debe hacerlo para cualquier enmienda a la Constitución. Además, la Asamblea Legislativa puede remitir revisiones a la Constitución; una revisión se diferencia de una enmienda en que puede alterar múltiples disposiciones existentes de la Constitución.

El fundamento constitucional para las medidas electorales (y la legislación producida por la Asamblea Legislativa de Oregón ) se puede encontrar en el Artículo IV de la Constitución de Oregón, [3] y el Capítulo 250 de los Estatutos Revisados ​​de Oregón [4] también se relaciona con la iniciativa y el referéndum.

El Libro Azul de Oregón , elaborado por el gobierno de Oregón, mantiene una lista similar a esta. [5]

1900

1902

1904

1906

1908

Década de 1910

1912

1913

1914

1916

1917

1918

1919

década de 1920

1921

1922

1923

1924

1926

1927

1928

década de 1930

1932

1933

1934

1934

1936

1938

década de 1940

1942

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

década de 1950

1952

1954

1956

1958

década de 1960

1962

1963

1964

1966

1968

1969

década de 1970

1972

1973

1974

1976

1977

1978

década de 1980

1982

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

Elecciones primarias del 17 de mayo de 1988

Elecciones generales del 8 de noviembre de 1988 [21]

1989

Elección especial del 16 de mayo

Elección especial del 27 de junio

década de 1990

1990

Puede

Noviembre

1992

Puede

Noviembre

1993

Junio

Noviembre

1994

Puede

Noviembre

Nota: Puede encontrar información detallada sobre las elecciones desde 1995 hasta el presente, incluido el texto de las medidas electorales, el patrocinio y los argumentos a favor y en contra, en el sitio web de la Secretaría de Estado de Oregón . [26]

1995

Puede

1996

Puede

Noviembre

Elecciones generales del 5 de noviembre

1997

Puede

Noviembre

1998

Puede

Noviembre

1999

Noviembre

2000

2000

Puede

Noviembre

2002

Puede

Septiembre

Noviembre

Elección General : Información detallada sobre las Medidas 14-18 y 21-27, [67] y los resultados oficiales de las elecciones [68] disponibles en el sitio web del Secretario de Estado.

2003

Enero

Septiembre

2004

Febrero

Noviembre

En las elecciones de otoño, la Medida 36 (que prohibía el matrimonio homosexual) dominó la atención pública: se emitieron 81.667 (o 4,7%) más votos en la Medida 36 que el promedio de todas las demás medidas en la boleta. La Medida 37 (que restringe la regulación del uso de la tierra) fue polémica antes de las elecciones y se volvió más controvertida después del hecho, cuando los gobiernos estatales y locales intentaron implementarla.

Otras dos medidas aprobadas en 2004, ambas remitidas por la Legislatura para las elecciones generales, y ninguna de ellas generó oposición en el Folleto de los Votantes. La Medida 31 hizo posible posponer ciertas elecciones en caso de la muerte de un candidato, y la Medida 32 cambió la forma en que se manejan los ingresos provenientes de los impuestos a las casas móviles. [77]

2006

In 2006, voters considered 11 statewide ballot measures. All were placed on the ballot by initiative.

Nearly all the measures were defeated. Measures extending prescription drug pricing benefits (Measure 44) and restricting the government's power of eminent domain (39) were the only ones that passed without qualification; a campaign finance reform system (47) passed as well, but a companion measure (46) that would have provided necessary constitutional support for it failed.[81]

Out-of-state interests spent millions of dollars supporting—and in one significant case, opposing—Oregon ballot measures. None of these big-money measures passed; in fact, Measures 39 and 44 passed without drawing any organized opposition.[82]

Unsuccessful measures

Measures 41 and 48 aimed to restrict the amount of money the State government could raise and spend, respectively. They were both mostly funded by the Taxpayers Association of Oregon, which in turn received nearly all its funding from Illinois-based Americans for Limited Government. Opposition to these two measures was paired as well, spending $1.9 million to defeat the two measures.[82]

Measure 42 was promoted by conservative ballot measure activist Bill Sizemore. Sizemore broke with his custom by promoting a consumer-oriented bill, which would have outlawed the use of credit data in determining insurance premiums. Opponents of the measure spent over $3.7 million (nearly all of which came from out of state), defeating the measure. Their advertising focused heavily on Sizemore's credibility. Sizemore did not run an active campaign promoting the measure. He and his longtime political ally Loren Parks were the only people to submit arguments in favor for the Voters' Guide.[83]

Measure 45, almost entirely financed by $1.2 million from Illinois-based U.S. Term Limits, would have established strict term limits in the Oregon Legislative Assembly. Term limits had previously been in place in the late 1990s, but the prior law was declared unconstitutional by the Oregon Supreme Court. The measure failed.

Measures 46 and 47 were presented as a single package; 46 would have amended the Constitution to allow limitations on campaign financing (heavily favoring popular vote, and requiring a 75% vote for such changes in the Legislature); and 47 detailed specific limitations. Measure 47 passed, but in the absence of the kind of Constitutional support Measure 46 would have provided, it will have No effect. The campaigns both for and against this package were funded almost entirely from Oregon sources.

Measure 40 sought to require that judges of the Oregon Supreme Court be elected by district, rather than statewide.

Measure 43 sought to require parental notification in the event of certain teenage abortions. (Two measures restricting abortion were also rejected in the 1990 general election.)

Successful measures

Measure 39, described by its proponents as a natural extension of 2004's Measure 37, restricted the governments powers of eminent domain. Measure 44 extended a state prescription drug benefit, previously only available to seniors, to cover all uninsured Oregonians.

2007

In 2007, voters considered 2 statewide ballot measures.

2008

May

Three measures (51, 52, and 53), all legislative referrals and all constitutional amendments, were on the May 2008 primary ballot. All three passed; the first two by wide margins, and Measure 53 by a margin so narrow that it triggered an automatic recount.[88]

November

In November 2008, voters considered eight initiatives and four legislative referrals.[93] The four referrals all passed, and the initiatives all failed.

2010s

2010

January

May

November

2012

November

2014

November

2016

November

2018

January

November

2020s

2020

2022

See also

References

  1. ^ Oregon Blue Book: Oregon History: The Oregon System
  2. ^ "Initiative, Referendum and Recall Introduction". Oregon Blue Book. Salem, Oregon: Oregon Secretary of State. 2006. Retrieved 2007-03-07.
  3. ^ Article IV of the Oregon Constitution, from the Oregon Blue Book.
  4. ^ Chapter 250 — Initiative and Referendum, Oregon Revised Statutes
  5. ^ Oregon Election History: Initiative, Referendum, and Recall. Oregon Blue Book (2006)
  6. ^ a b c "Initiative, Referendum and Recall: 1902-1906". Oregon Blue Book. Retrieved 2008-12-02.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg Initiative, Legislative referral, or REFerendum
  8. ^ a b "Initiative, Referendum and Recall: 1908-1910". Oregon Blue Book. Retrieved 2008-12-02.
  9. ^ Frank W. Benson, Secretary of State (June 1908). A Pamphlet Containing All Measures…. State of Oregon.
  10. ^ a b c "Initiative, Referendum and Recall: 1912-1914". Oregon Blue Book. Retrieved 2008-12-02.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g "Initiative, Referendum and Recall: 1916-1921". Oregon Blue Book. Retrieved 2008-12-02.
  12. ^ a b c d e f "Initiative, Referendum and Recall: 1922-1928". Oregon Blue Book. Retrieved 2008-12-02.
  13. ^ a b Schmidt, Emerson P. (February 1931). "The Movement for Public Ownership of Power in Oregon". The Journal of Land & Public Utility Economics. 7 (1). University of Wisconsin Press: 52–60. doi:10.2307/3138633. JSTOR 3138633.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g "Initiative, Referendum and Recall: 1930-1936". Oregon Blue Book. Retrieved 2008-12-02.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g "Initiative, Referendum and Recall: 1938-1947". Oregon Blue Book. Retrieved 2008-12-02.
  16. ^ a b c d e "Initiative, Referendum and Recall: 1948-1956". Oregon Blue Book. Retrieved 2008-12-02.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Initiative, Referendum and Recall: 1958-1970". Oregon Blue Book. Retrieved 2008-12-02.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Initiative, Referendum and Recall: 1972-1978". Oregon Blue Book. Retrieved 2008-12-02.
  19. ^ "Temporary Governor eliminated: measure modifies line of succession" (25 October 1972). The Bulletin, Bend, Oregon. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Oregon Blue Book: Initiative, Referendum and Recall: 1980-1987". Retrieved 2008-11-13.
  21. ^ "Oregon goes Democratic!" (9 November 1988). Ellensburg Daily Record. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  22. ^ Mapes, Jeff (July 14, 1995). "Federal judge strikes down Measure 6". The Oregonian.
  23. ^ "Oregon Supreme Court: Jackson County v. Oregon". Archived from the original on 2007-08-08. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
  24. ^ Editorial (October 5, 1994). "Reform campaign financing". The Oregonian.
  25. ^ Suo, Steve (February 7, 1997). "Court tosses campaign limits". The Oregonian.
  26. ^ Elections History, at Oregon Secretary of State's web site.
  27. ^ "1998 Primary Election Voters' Pamphlet". Archived from the original on 2018-11-21. Retrieved 2018-11-20.
  28. ^ Oregon Blue Book ITEMIZED MEASURE LISTINGS, May 19, 1998 Primary Election results, page 15
  29. ^ Keisling, Phil (19 May 1998). "Measure 53". 1998 Primary Election Voters' Pamphlet. Oregon Secretary of State. Archived from the original (Website) on 21 November 2018. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  30. ^ 1998 November General Election Voters' Pamphlet
  31. ^ November 3, 1998 General Election results
  32. ^ Keisling, Phil (3 November 1998). "Measure 54" (Website). 1998 General Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 4. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  33. ^ Keisling, Phil (3 November 1998). "Measure 55" (Website). 1998 General Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 7. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  34. ^ Keisling, Phil (3 November 1998). "Measure 56" (Website). 1998 General Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 12. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  35. ^ Keisling, Phil (3 November 1998). "Measure 57" (Website). 1998 General Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 20. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  36. ^ Keisling, Phil (3 November 1998). "Measure 58" (Website). 1998 General Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 34. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  37. ^ Keisling, Phil (3 November 1998). "Measure 59" (Website). 1998 General Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 42. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  38. ^ Keisling, Phil (3 November 1998). "Measure 60" (Website). 1998 General Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 61. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  39. ^ Keisling, Phil (3 November 1998). "Measure 61" (Website). 1998 General Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 69. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  40. ^ Keisling, Phil (3 November 1998). "Measure 62" (Website). 1998 General Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 78. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  41. ^ Keisling, Phil (3 November 1998). "Measure 63" (Website). 1998 General Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 89. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  42. ^ Keisling, Phil (3 November 1998). "Measure 64" (Website). 1998 General Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 96. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  43. ^ Keisling, Phil (3 November 1998). "Measure 65" (Website). 1998 General Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 123. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  44. ^ Keisling, Phil (3 November 1998). "Measure 66" (Website). 1998 General Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 135. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  45. ^ Keisling, Phil (3 November 1998). "Measure 67" (Website). 1998 General Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 148. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  46. ^ "1999 Special Election Voters' Pamphlet". Archived from the original on 2018-11-21. Retrieved 2018-11-20.
  47. ^ November 2, 1999 Special Election results
  48. ^ Keisling, Phil (2 November 1998). "Measure 68". 1999 Special Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 4. Oregon Secretary of State. Archived from the original (Website) on 21 November 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
  49. ^ Keisling, Phil (2 November 1998). "Measure 69". 1999 Special Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 12. Oregon Secretary of State. Archived from the original (Website) on 21 November 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
  50. ^ Keisling, Phil (2 November 1998). "Measure 70". 1999 Special Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 18. Oregon Secretary of State. Archived from the original (Website) on 21 November 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
  51. ^ Keisling, Phil (2 November 1998). "Measure 71". 1999 Special Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 24. Oregon Secretary of State. Archived from the original (Website) on 21 November 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
  52. ^ Keisling, Phil (2 November 1998). "Measure 72". 1999 Special Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 29. Oregon Secretary of State. Archived from the original (Website) on 21 November 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
  53. ^ Keisling, Phil (2 November 1998). "Measure 73". 1999 Special Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 34. Oregon Secretary of State. Archived from the original (Website) on 21 November 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
  54. ^ Keisling, Phil (2 November 1998). "Measure 74". 1999 Special Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 38. Oregon Secretary of State. Archived from the original (Website) on 21 November 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
  55. ^ Keisling, Phil (2 November 1998). "Measure 75". 1999 Special Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 42. Oregon Secretary of State. Archived from the original (Website) on 21 November 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
  56. ^ Keisling, Phil (2 November 1998). "Measure 76". 1999 Special Election Voters' Pamphlet, page 47. Oregon Secretary of State. Archived from the original (Website) on 21 November 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
  57. ^ 2000 Primary Election Online Voters' Guide
  58. ^ 2000 Primary Election Statewide Measures Official Results
  59. ^ 2000 General Election Voters' Pamphlet
  60. ^ 2000 General Election results
  61. ^ Oregon Judicial Department Appellate Court Opinions Archived 2007-04-26 at the Wayback Machine
  62. ^ Jill Gelineau; Peter Livingston; Steve Morasch; Donald Joe Willis (October 1, 2002). "Oregon Supreme Court Holds Measure 7 Void" (Press release). Schwabe, Williamson & Wyatt. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-02-27.
  63. ^ "2002 Primary Online Voters' Guide". Archived from the original on 2018-11-21. Retrieved 2018-11-20.
  64. ^ a b 2002 Primary election results
  65. ^ a b Law, Steve (March 22, 2002). "School fund is on thin ballot". The Statesman Journal.
  66. ^ "2002 Special Election Voters' Pamphlet". Archived from the original on 2018-11-21. Retrieved 2018-11-20.
  67. ^ 2002 General Election Voters' Pamphlet
  68. ^ a b 2002 General Election results
  69. ^ 2002 General Election Voters' Pamphlet
  70. ^ Cole, Michelle (November 10, 2002). "Measure 27 died in big-dollar blitz". The Oregonian.
  71. ^ "2003 January Special Election Online Voters' Guide". Archived from the original on 2018-11-21. Retrieved 2018-11-20.
  72. ^ January 2003 Special Election results
  73. ^ "2003 September Special Election Online Voters' Guide". Archived from the original on 2018-11-21. Retrieved 2018-11-20.
  74. ^ September 2003 Special Election results
  75. ^ Online Voters' Guide: Measure 30
  76. ^ 2004 Special Election results
  77. ^ "Willamette Week | "ELECTION 2004" | October 13, 2004". Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved July 11, 2007.
  78. ^ 2004 Online Voters' Guide
  79. ^ Ballot Measure PDFs
  80. ^ 2004 election results
  81. ^ Carter, Steven (November 8, 2006). "Oregon voters make 2006 a year of 'No'". The Oregonian.
  82. ^ a b "Almost Two-thirds of Ballot Measure Cash Comes from Out of State But Campaigns Vary in Terms of Local Control" (Press release). Money in Politics Research Action Project. October 18, 2006. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-27.
  83. ^ Arguments in Favor from 2006 General Election Voters' Guide
  84. ^ a b 2006 Online Voters' Guide
  85. ^ a b 2006 Election Results
  86. ^ Measure 47 will have No effect until/unless the Oregon Constitution is amended to allow such limitations, as Measure 46 would have done.
  87. ^ 2007 Online Voters' Guide
  88. ^ a b Official Results – May 20, 2008 Primary Election from the Oregon Secretary of State Elections Division
  89. ^ Online Voters' Guide for May 20, 2008 Primary Election
  90. ^ Bradbury, Bill (20 May 2008). "Measure 51" (Website). Online Voters' Guide for the May 20, 2008 Primary Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved December 27, 2008.
  91. ^ Bradbury, Bill (20 May 2008). "Measure 52" (Website). Online Voters' Guide for the May 20, 2008 Primary Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved December 27, 2008.
  92. ^ Bradbury, Bill (20 May 2008). "Measure 53" (Website). Online Voters' Guide for the May 20, 2008 Primary Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved December 27, 2008.
  93. ^ August 1, 2008 News Release - Assignment of Measure Numbers for 2008 General Election from the Oregon Secretary of State Elections Division
  94. ^ Online Voters' Guide for January 26, 2010 Special Election
  95. ^ January 26, 2010 Special Election Results
  96. ^ Brown, Kate (26 January 2010). "Measure 66" (Website). Online Voters' Guide for the January 26, 2010 Special Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 9, 2013.
  97. ^ Brown, Kate (26 January 2010). "Measure 67" (Website). Online Voters' Guide for the January 26, 2010 Special Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 9, 2013.
  98. ^ Online Voters' Guide | 2010 Primary Election
  99. ^ May 18, 2010 Primary Election results
  100. ^ Brown, Kate (18 May 2010). "Measure 68" (Website). Online Voters' Guide | 2010 Primary Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 9, 2013.
  101. ^ Brown, Kate (18 May 2010). "Measure 69" (Website). Online Voters' Guide | 2010 Primary Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 9, 2013.
  102. ^ Online Voters' Guide | 2010 General Election
  103. ^ November 2, 2010 General Election results
  104. ^ Brown, Kate (2 November 2010). "Measure 68" (Website). Online Voters' Guide | 2010 General Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 9, 2013.
  105. ^ Brown, Kate (2 November 2010). "Measure 71" (Website). Online Voters' Guide | 2010 Special Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 9, 2013.
  106. ^ Brown, Kate (2 November 2010). "Measure 72" (Website). Online Voters' Guide | 2010 Special Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 9, 2013.
  107. ^ Brown, Kate (2 November 2010). "Measure 73" (Website). Online Voters' Guide | 2010 Special Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 9, 2013.
  108. ^ Brown, Kate (2 November 2010). "Measure 74" (Website). Online Voters' Guide | 2010 Special Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 9, 2013.
  109. ^ Brown, Kate (2 November 2010). "Measure 75" (Website). Online Voters' Guide | 2010 Special Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 9, 2013.
  110. ^ Brown, Kate (2 November 2010). "Measure 76" (Website). Online Voters' Guide | 2010 Special Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 9, 2013.
  111. ^ Online Voters' Guide | 2012 General Election
  112. ^ November 6, 2012 General Election results
  113. ^ Brown, Kate (6 November 2012). "Measure 77" (Website). Online Voters' Guide | 2012 General Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  114. ^ Brown, Kate (6 November 2012). "Measure 78" (Website). Online Voters' Guide | 2012 General Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  115. ^ Brown, Kate (6 November 2012). "Measure 79" (Website). Online Voters' Guide | 2012 General Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  116. ^ Brown, Kate (6 November 2012). "Measure 80" (Website). Online Voters' Guide | 2012 General Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  117. ^ Brown, Kate (6 November 2012). "Measure 81" (Website). Online Voters' Guide | 2012 General Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  118. ^ Brown, Kate (6 November 2012). "Measure 82" (Website). Online Voters' Guide | 2012 General Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  119. ^ Brown, Kate (6 November 2012). "Measure 83" (Website). Online Voters' Guide | 2012 General Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  120. ^ Brown, Kate (6 November 2012). "Measure 84" (Website). Online Voters' Guide | 2012 General Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  121. ^ Brown, Kate (6 November 2012). "Measure 85" (Website). Online Voters' Guide | 2012 General Election. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  122. ^ a b c d e "November 6, 2018, General Election Abstract of Votes". Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  123. ^ a b c d "Oregon 2020 ballot measures". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2020-07-26.

External links