Berlín Alexanderplatz ( alemán: [bɛʁˈliːn ʔalɛkˈsandɐˌplats] ) es una novela de 1929 de Alfred Döblin . Es considerada una de las obras más importantes e innovadoras de la República de Weimar . [1] En una encuesta de 2002 entre 100 escritores destacados, el libro fue nombrado entre los 100 mejores libros de todos los tiempos. [2]
La historia trata sobre un asesino, Franz Biberkopf, recién salido de prisión. Cuando su amigo asesina a la prostituta en la que Biberkopf confiaba como ancla, se da cuenta de que no podrá salir del inframundo en el que se ha hundido. Debe lidiar con la miseria, la falta de oportunidades, el crimen y el inminente ascenso del nazismo. Durante su lucha por sobrevivir contra todo pronóstico, la vida lo recompensa con una sorpresa insospechada, pero su felicidad no dura mientras la historia continúa.
La novela está ambientada en el barrio obrero cerca de Alexanderplatz en el Berlín de los años 20 . Aunque a veces se compara su estilo narrativo con el de James Joyce , críticos como Walter Benjamin han establecido una distinción entre el monólogo interior de Ulises y el uso del montaje en la Alexanderplatz de Berlín . [3] [4] Oliver Kamm , escribiendo en el London Times , dice que los métodos de Döblin son más parecidos a los de Kafka en su uso de " erlebte Rede (más o menos, discurso experimentado - una mezcla de narrativa en primera y tercera persona)". [5] La novela está contada desde múltiples puntos de vista y utiliza efectos de sonido, artículos periodísticos, canciones, discursos y otros libros para impulsar la trama.
The novel was translated into English in 1931 by Eugene Jolas, a friend of James Joyce.[6] The translation was not well received; it particularly was criticised for the way in which it rendered everyday working-class speech.[7] A 2018 English translation by Michael Hofmann, published by New York Review Books,[8] was given a starred review from Kirkus Reviews, which called it "vigorous and fresh" and a "welcome refurbishing of a masterpiece of literary modernism".[9] According to Oliver Kamm, "Dialogue is the most difficult thing to get right in translation" which Hofmann has rendered "in cockney dialect. It reads fluently, even at the risk of being possibly obscure to a non-British audience".[5]
The novel has been adapted three times for film. In 1931 Berlin-Alexanderplatz was directed by Piel Jutzi. Döblin worked on the adaptation, along with Karlheinz Martin and Hans Wilhelm. The film starred Heinrich George, Maria Bard, Margarete Schlegel, Bernhard Minetti, Gerhard Bienert, Albert Florath and Paul Westermeier.
The second adaptation, Berlin Alexanderplatz, was directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder. Produced for and shown on German television in 1980 as a 14-part miniseries, it also has been shown theatrically. It runs for 15 hours (NTSC and film releases expand the runtime by a half hour). Upon its release in New York City, ticket holders were required to come to the theatre for three consecutive nights to see the entire film.
Both films were released in November 2007 by the Criterion Collection in the US in a multi-disc DVD. A Region 2 edition of the Fassbinder version was released in the UK by Second Sight in October that year.
Burhan Qurbani directed the most recent film adaptation, Berlin Alexanderplatz, which premiered at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival in 2020. Qurbani's version recontextualised the lead role of Franz as Francis, an Afro-German refugee from Guinea-Bissau.
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