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Preston (UK Parliament constituency)

Preston is a constituency[n 1] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2000 by Sir Mark Hendrick, a member of the Labour Party and Co-operative Party.[n 2]

History

1295–1950

The seat was created for the Model Parliament and sent members until at least 1331 until a new (possibly confirmatory) grant of two members to Westminster followed. From 1529 extending unusually beyond the 19th century until the 1950 general election the seat had two-member representation. Party divisions tended to run stronger after 1931 before which two different parties' candidates frequently came first and second at elections under the bloc vote system.

In 1929, a recently elected Liberal, Sir William Jowitt decided to join the Labour Party and called for a by-election (which implies a single vacancy) to support this change of party, which he won, to take up for two years the position of Attorney General of England and Wales as part of the Government. He became the highest judge during the Attlee Ministry, the Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain and Speaker of the House of Lords under a then hereditary-dominated House leading to a Conservative majority. Consequently, he was selected to be elevated to a peerage as 1st Earl Jowitt. With no sons, he was to be the last Earl and wrote the Dictionary of English Law.

1950–1983

Preston was abolished as a constituency by the House of Commons (Redistribution of Seats) Act 1949 being replaced by Preston North and Preston South constituencies.

1983–present

Since the seat's revival after being split for 33 years into the larger North and South seats, all representatives have been members of the Labour Party.

The member from 1987 to 2000 was Audrey Wise, a member of the Socialist Campaign Group and reformer of maternity healthcare in opposition on the Select Committee.

Boundaries

Map of current boundaries

1832–1868: The old borough of Preston, and the township of Fishwick.[2]

1868–1885: The existing parliamentary borough, excluding such part (if any) as lies on the south side of the River Ribble.[3]

1885–1918: The existing parliamentary borough, so much of the municipal borough of Preston as was not already included in the parliamentary borough, so much of the parish of Lea, Ashton, Ingol, and Cottam, and of the parish of Penwortham, as were added to the municipal borough of Preston on 1 June 1889 by the Ribble Navigation and Preston Dock Act 1883, and the local government district of Fulwood.[4]

1983–1997: The Borough of Preston wards of Ashton, Avenham, Brookfield, Central, Deepdale, Fishwick, Ingol, Larches, Moorbrook, Park, Ribbleton, St John's, St Matthew's, and Tulketh.

1997–2010: The Borough of Preston wards of Ashton, Avenham, Brookfield, Central, Deepdale, Fishwick, Larches, Moor Park, Ribbleton, Riversway, St Matthew's, and Tulketh, and the Borough of South Ribble wards of Bamber Bridge Central, Bamber Bridge South, and Walton-le-Dale.

2010–2024: The City of Preston wards of Ashton, Brookfield, Deepdale, Fishwick, Ingol, Larches, Moor Park, Ribbleton, Riversway, St George's, St Matthew's, Town Centre, Tulketh, and University.

2024 onwards: The City of Preston wards of Ashton, Brookfield, Cadley, City Centre, Deepdale, Fishwick & Frenchwood, Garrison, Ingol & Cottam, Lea & Larches, Plungington, Ribbleton, and St Matthew's.

History

In the late 19th Century the boundaries of the two-member Preston constituency were described as comprising:[5]

...[T]he old Borough of Preston, the township of Fishwick, so much of the Municipal Borough as is not included in the Parliamentary Borough, the Local Government District of Fulwood, and so much of the parishes of Lea, Ashton, Ingol, and Cotham {sic}, and Penwortham, as will be added to the Municipal Borough of Preston on June 1st, 1889

In the Representation of the People Act, 1918 the boundaries of the two-member constituency were described as the:

County borough of Preston and urban district of Fulwood:[6]

The single seat of Preston formed from 1918 until 1949 was created by the County Borough of Preston and Urban District of Fulwood. From the general election of 1950 to the 1983 Preston was divided into the constituencies of Preston North and Preston South. In time for the 1983 general election, the boundaries on which the current seat is drawn were confirmed. The northern, Fulwood area, was divided between Fylde and Ribble Valley.

Changes for 2010

The ward of Lea is within the constituency of Fylde.

The wards of Preston Rural North, Preston Rural East and the Fulwood wards (Cadley, College, Garrison, Greyfriars and Sharoe Green) are within the constituency of Wyre and Preston North. By the end of the review, the newly recommended Preston constituency had the smallest number of voters of an English constituency based on 2006 electorates.[7]

Modifications in 2018

The Local Government Boundary Commission for England modified Preston City Council's ward boundaries in 2018, which in some minor cases altered which wards crossed the Parliamentary boundary of Preston. Due to the changes, the constituency of Preston, as of 2018, is made from:

In full: Ashton, Brookfield, City Centre, Deepdale, Fishwick and Frenchwood, Plungington, Ribbleton, St Matthews. In part: Cadley (shared with Wyre and Preston North), Ingol and Cottam (shared with Fylde), Lea and Larches (shared with Fylde).

From 2024

Following the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, enacted by the Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023, from the 2024 United Kingdom general election, the constituency will be composed of the following wards of the City of Preston (as they existed on 1 December 2020):

The constituency will be expanded to bring the electorate within the permitted range by transferring in the part wards currently in the Fylde constituency. together with the remainder of the Cadley ward and the Garrison ward from Wyre and Preston North (to be abolished).

Members of Parliament

MPs 1295–1640

MPs 1640–1950

MPs since 1983

Overview

Representatives have sat in Parliament for Preston for nearly 800 years, the first recorded names being Willielmus fil' Pauli and Adam Russel. Prior to being reformed as "Preston" in 1983, the former Preston North and Preston South seats were amongst the most marginal in the country - in 1979, Conservative Robert Atkins won Preston North by 29 votes.

With the suburban, middle class former Fulwood Urban District area within Ribble Valley (and from 2010 Wyre and Preston North), the southern portion has awarded MPs with much healthier and secure majorities. Almost all of Preston's representatives from 1915 to 1950, and since its recreation as a single constituency in 1983, have been Labour candidates.

Between 1918 and 1949, the two-seat constituency of Preston was formed by the County Borough of Preston and the Urban District of Fulwood. In 1997, Audrey Wise secured a majority of over 18,000. The collapse of the Conservative vote - 10 percentage points down from 1992 - was firmly with the pattern of the Tory fortunes in that year.

The death of Audrey Wise in 2000 triggered a by-election. At that Preston by-election, Mark Hendrick, former Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Lancashire Central constituency with Preston at its heart, secured a victory with a 4,400 majority. The surprise of the night was the result of the fledgling Socialist Alliance, for whom Terry Cartright saved his deposit.

Less than a year later, the 2001 general election returned Mark Hendrick with a much healthier 12,200 majority, up against South Ribble councillor Graham O'Hare for the Conservatives and the then local Liberal Democrat leader Bill Chadwick. In real terms, all three main parties lost support from 1997 - Labour down by over 8,000 votes, Conservatives reduced by over 2,200 and Lib Dems 2,300 lower. One notable candidate in 2001 was David Braid, also a candidate in a number of other seats that year, who had been the "Battle for Britain" candidate in the previous year's by-election.

The 2005 general election was notable for the changes in share of the vote of the minor parties. The first ever Respect candidate, local councillor Michael Lavalette, firmly saved his deposit with nearly 7% of the vote. The Liberal Democrats had chosen former Conservative County Councillor William Parkinson, and had their best result since 1997. Fiona Bryce for the Conservatives, remained in second place seeing her share of the vote remain stable despite the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) polling over 1,000 votes. Mark Hendrick secured another term as MP, although his vote total was 3,000 less than 2001 and 12,000 less than Audrey Wise in 1997.

Labour continued to represent Preston at the elections of 2010, 2015, and 2017. Whilst Mark Hendrick secured less than 50% of the votes cast in 2010, the first time this has occurred at a Preston election since 1983, subsequent results had much stronger Labour majorities. Second place went back to the Conservative Party, regaining from the Liberal Democrats who took second place for the first time in 2010.

Elections

Preston constituency election results, 1983 - 2024

Elections in the 2020s

Elections in the 2010s

Elections in the 2000s

Elections in the 1990s

Elections of the 1980s

Elections in the 1940s

For the general election expected to take place in 1939/1940, the following candidates had been selected;

Elections in the 1930s

Elections in the 1920s

Elections in the 1910s

Stanley

General Election 1914/15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by the July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

Young

* Cox was replaced as Liberal candidate by Gorst - due to his frequent criticism of Liberal social policy - but chose to run independently.

Elections in the 1900s

Cox
Hodge
Hardie

Elections in the 1890s

Tomlinson

Elections in the 1880s

Russell

Elections in the 1870s

Elections in the 1860s

Elections in the 1850s

Elections in the 1840s

Elections in the 1830s

Elections in the 1810s

See also

Notes

  1. ^ A borough constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)
  2. ^ As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.

References

  1. ^ "The 2023 Review of Parliamentary Constituency Boundaries in England – Volume two: Constituency names, designations and composition – North West". Boundary Commission for England. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  2. ^ "The statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 2 & 3 William IV. Cap. LXIV: An Act to settle and describe the Divisions of Counties, and the Limits of Cities and Boroughs, in England and Wales, in so far as respects the Election of Members to serve in Parliament". London: His Majesty's statute and law printers. 1832. pp. 300–383.
  3. ^ "A Collection of the Public General Statutes: 1867/68. Cap. XLVI. An Act to settle and describe the Limits of certain Boroughs and the Divisions of certain Counties in England and Wales, in so far as respects the Election of Members to serve in Parliament". London: Eyre and Spottiswoode. 1868. pp. 119–166.
  4. ^ "Chap. 23. Redistribution of Seats Act, 1885". The Public General Acts of the United Kingdom passed in the forty-eighth and forty-ninth years of the reign of Queen Victoria. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode. 1885. pp. 111–198.
  5. ^ Debretts House of Commons 1886 Debretts House of Commons 1886, Page 222, "Counties, Divisions, Boroughs, etc
  6. ^ RotPA 1918 Archive.org
  7. ^ "Boundary Commission for England, fifth periodic review, p195" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2011.
  8. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023". Schedule 1 Part 5 North West region.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i "History of Parliament". Retrieved 25 September 2011.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "History of Parliament". Retrieved 25 September 2011.
  11. ^ a b c Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "P" (part 2)
  12. ^ Chicheley was also elected for Cambridge, which he chose to represent, and never sat for Preston
  13. ^ On petition, Leicester and Standish were adjudged not to have been duly elected and their opponents, Burgoyne and Hoghton, were declared to have been duly elected in their place
  14. ^ Major-General from 1772, Lieutenant-General from 1777
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 185–187. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
  16. ^ a b Churton, Edward (1838). The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838. pp. 92–93, 216–217. Retrieved 29 November 2018 – via Google Books.
  17. ^ a b Mosse, Richard Bartholomew (1838). The Parliamentary Guide: a concise history of the Members of both Houses, etc. pp. 164–165, 220. Retrieved 29 November 2018 – via Google Books.
  18. ^ Casey, Martin (2009). "STRICKLAND, George (1782–1874), of Hildenley and Boyton, Yorks. and Parliament Street, Mdx". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
  19. ^ Ward, J. T. (1962). The Factory Movement, 1830-1855 (eBook). London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 225. ISBN 978-1-349-81759-7. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
  20. ^ "Seats Gained by the Whigs". Bell's Weekly Messenger. 5 July 1841. p. 5. Retrieved 30 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  21. ^ a b Taylor, H. A. (15 September 1955). "Politics in Famine-Stricken Preston: An Examination of Liberal Party Management, 1861–65" (PDF). The Historic Society of Lancashire & Cheshire. p. 121. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
  22. ^ a b Aspinall, A.; Smith, E. Anthony, eds. (1996) [1959]. English Historical Documents 1783–1832 (eBook). London: Routledge. p. 34. ISBN 0-203-19915-4. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
  23. ^ a b Rothbard, Murray N. (2006) [1995]. Economic Thought Before Adam Smith: An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought, Volume I. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 223. ISBN 0-945466-48-X. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
  24. ^ Later adopted the surname Fermor-Hesketh
  25. ^ Created a baronet, 1902
  26. ^ "Parliamentary (General) election results - 4 July 2024". Preston City Council. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  27. ^ Ashley Dalton [@AshleyDalton_MP] (2 June 2022). "I worked to help @MpHendrick get reselected for Preston and I'm pleased to say he was overwhelmingly reselected by @prestonlabour to continue being the City's Labour MP" (Tweet) – via Twitter. {{Cite tweet}}: |date= / |number= mismatch (help)
  28. ^ "2024 General Election candidates". Co-operative Party. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  29. ^ Walker, Ed. "Former Preston councillor to stand as pro-Palestinian candidate in general election". Blog Preston. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  30. ^ "Preston Constituency". Reform UK. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
  31. ^ "Liberal Democrat Prospective Parliamentary Candidates". Mark Pack. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
  32. ^ "our gefndiroedd 8". Green Party of England and Wales. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
  33. ^ "Statement of persons nominated 2019" (PDF).
  34. ^ General Election Preston City Council
  35. ^ "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  36. ^ "Preston". BBC News Online. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
  37. ^ "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  38. ^ "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  39. ^ "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  40. ^ Boothroyd, David. "Results of Byelections in the 1997-2002 Parliament". United Kingdom Election Results. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
  41. ^ "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  42. ^ "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  43. ^ "UK General Election results April 1992". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
  44. ^ "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  45. ^ "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  46. ^ Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.
  47. ^ a b c d e f g h i j British Parliamentary Election Results 1885-1918, FWS Craig
  48. ^ a b Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916
  49. ^ a b c d e f g The Liberal Year Book, 1907
  50. ^ a b c Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1901
  51. ^ Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1886
  52. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
  53. ^ "Preston Election- A Liberal Candidate". Dundee Evening Telegraph. 28 January 1882. p. 4. Retrieved 10 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  54. ^ "Preston Liberals". Western Daily Press. 12 May 1881. p. 8. Retrieved 10 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  55. ^ "George William Bahr". The Illustrated London News. 29 May 1880. p. 22. Retrieved 10 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  56. ^ "The Representation of Preston". Manchester Evening News. 30 August 1872. p. 3. Retrieved 17 January 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  57. ^ "Mr. Clifton's Candidature". Preston Chronicle. 23 April 1859. pp. 4–5. Retrieved 30 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  58. ^ "The Elections". Preston Chronicle. 10 July 1852. pp. 2–3. Retrieved 30 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  59. ^ "The Election". Preston Chronicle. 15 December 1832. p. 2. Retrieved 21 April 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  60. ^ a b c Escott, Margaret. "Preston". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 21 April 2020.

Sources

External links