Ray Stannard Baker (April 17, 1870 – July 12, 1946)[1][2] (also known by his pen name David Grayson) was an American journalist, historian, biographer, and writer.
In 1896, Ray Stannard Baker married Jessie Beal. They had four children: Alice Beal (1897), James Stannard (1899), Roger Denio (1902), and Rachel Moore (1906).
In 1898,[3] Baker joined the staff of McClure's, a pioneer muckraking magazine, and quickly rose to prominence along with Lincoln Steffens and Ida Tarbell. He also dabbled in fiction, writing children's stories for the magazine Youth's Companion and a nine-volume series of stories about rural living in America, the first of which was titled Adventures in Contentment (1907) under his pseudonym David Grayson, which reached millions of readers worldwide.
In 1907, dissatisfied with the muckraker label, Baker, Steffens, and Tarbell left McClure's and founded The American Magazine. In 1908, after the 1906 Atlanta Race Riot got him involved, Baker published the book Following the Color Line: An Account of Negro Citizenship in the American Democracy, becoming the first prominent journalist to examine America's racial divide; it was extremely successful. Sociologist Rupert Vance says it is:
... the best account of race relations in the South during the period–one that reads like field notes for the future historian. This account was written during the zenith of Washingtonian movement and shows the optimism that it inspired among both liberals and moderates. The book is also notable for its realistic accounts of Negro town life.[4]
He followed up that work with numerous articles in the following decade.
In 1912, Baker published The Friendly Road, an account of the places he visited and people he met while on a walking tour of the United States.[5] In that year's presidential election Baker supported the presidential candidacy of Woodrow Wilson, which led to a close relationship between the two men, and in 1918 Wilson sent Baker to Europe to study the war situation. He was in connection with the future president of Czechoslovak Republic Thomas Garrigue Masaryk in America yet, from May 1918.[6] During peace negotiations, Baker served as Wilson's press secretary at Versailles. He eventually published 15 volumes about Wilson and internationalism, including the six-volume The Public Papers of Woodrow Wilson (1925–1927) with William Edward Dodd,[7] and the 8-volume Woodrow Wilson: Life and Letters (1927–1939), the last two volumes of which won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography in 1940. He served as an adviser on Darryl F. Zanuck's 1944 film Wilson.
Baker wrote two autobiographies, Native American (1941) and American Chronicle (1945).
Baker died of a heart attack in Amherst, Massachusetts, and is buried in Amherst's Wildwood Cemetery. Buildings have been named in honor of both Ray Stannard Baker and David Grayson (his pen name). A dormitory, Grayson Hall, is at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. The David Grayson Elementary School is in Waterford, Michigan. An academic building, Baker Hall, is at Michigan State University. A trail in Amherst has also been named for Baker.[8]
The Countryman's Year (New York: Doubleday, Page, and Doubleday, Doran, 1936) (as David Grayson)
The Capture, Death and Burial of J. Wilkes Booth (Poor Richard Press, 1940) read online
Native American: The Book of My Youth (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1941)
American Chronicle: The Autobiography of Ray Stannard Baker (as David Grayson) (Charles Scribner's Son, 1945) read online
A Journalist's Diplomatic Mission: Ray Stannard Baker's World War I Diary. John Maxwell Hamilton, ed. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2012.
References
^Baker. swarthmore.edu.
^Ray Stannard Baker. Encyclopedia.com.
^Baker, Ray Stannard (1945). American Chronicle. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 84.
^Rupert Vance, "The 20th-century South as Viewed by English-speaking Travelers, 1900-1955" in Thomas D. Clark, ed., Travels in the New South: A Bibliography (vol. 2, 1962) p. 18
^Photinos, Christine (2006). "Transiency and Transgression in the Autobiographies of Barbara Starke and 'Boxcar' Bertha Thompson". Women's Studies. 35 (7): 666. doi:10.1080/00497870600903997. S2CID 144143586.
^PRECLÍK, Vratislav. Masaryk a legie (Masaryk and legions), váz. kniha, 219 str., vydalo nakladatelství Paris Karviná, Žižkova 2379 (734 01 Karviná) ve spolupráci s Masarykovým demokratickým hnutím (Masaryk Democratic Movement, Prague, CZ), 2019, ISBN 978-80-87173-47-3, p. 87
^ncpedia.org
^Amherst Trail Map
Further reading
Hamilton, John M. (2020) Manipulating the Masses: Woodrow Wilson and the Birth of American Propaganda. Louisiana State University Press.
Bannister, Robert C., Ray Stannard Baker: The Mind and Thought of a Progressive. (1966)
Gorton, Stephanie. Citizen Reporters: S.S. McClure, Ida Tarbell, and the Magazine that Rewrote America]. New York: Ecco/HarperCollins, 2020.
External links
Wikisource has original works by or about: Ray Stannard Baker
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ray Stannard Baker.
Ray Stannard Baker Papers at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University