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Manuel García (baritone)

Garcia, aged 100 by John Singer Sargent

Manuel Patricio Rodríguez García (17 March 1805 – 1 July 1906), was a Spanish singer, music educator, and vocal pedagogue. He invented the first laryngoscope.[1]

Biography

García was born on 17 March 1805 either in Madrid, as has been traditionally stated, or in the town of Zafra in Badajoz Province, Spain.[2] His father was singer and teacher Manuel del Pópulo Vicente Rodriguez García (Manuel García I, 1775–1832). His sisters were Maria Malibran (1808–1836) and Pauline Viardot (1821–1910). After abandoning his onstage career as a baritone, García began to teach at the Paris Conservatory (1830–48) and the Royal Academy of Music, London (1848–95). Jessie Bond, Camille Everardi, Erminia Frezzolini, Julius Günther, Jenny Lind, Mathilde Marchesi, Christina Nilsson, Julia Ettie Crane, Georgina Schubert, Julius Stockhausen, Marie Tempest, Charles Santley and Henry Wood were among his pupils. He invented a laryngoscope in 1854 and the next year published observations of his own larynx and vocal cords made with a small dental mirror introduced into the throat and using sunlight reflected by another mirror.[3][4] He has been credited with saving the career of Jenny Lind, who had suffered vocal damage from overwork in her early twenties. García was interested in movements connected with the production of the singing voice and did not anticipate the importance of laryngoscopy for medicine. Still, the University of Königsberg conferred upon him the honorary degree of M.D.[5] He died in London in 1906 at the age of 101 years and was buried in the churchyard of St. Edward's Catholic church in Sutton Green, Surrey. His grave gives details of his many famous pupils and accomplishments.

On 22 November 1832 in Paris García married the operatic soprano Cécile Eugénie Mayer (Paris, 8 April 1814 – Paris, 12 August 1880). They had two sons Manuel (1836–1885) Gustave (1837–1925) and two daughters, Eugenie Harouel (1840–1924) and Marie Crèpet (1842–1867).[6] His second son Gustave Garcia (1 February 1837 – 1925) was a singer, actor, and author of three books on vocal and stage techniques. Gustave's son, Albert García (1875–1946), studied voice with his great aunt (Pauline Viardot), became a respected baritone, and produced an edition of his grandfather's treatise on singing (1924).[7]

From second wife Beata Elena Rodriguez (+ 19 April 1917) were born 2 daughters, Paula (+ 1 May 1960) wife from 1901 of Major George McKenzie Franks (1868–1958) – and Manuela Beata Carmen (+ 5 March 1924).

Portrait of Manuel García, 1905.

Works

The laryngoscopy. From García, 1884

Genealogy

Referencias

Notas
  1. ^ "Manuel Patricio García". 3 de febrero de 2014.
  2. ^ Casi todas las fuentes (por ejemplo, Fitzlyon; Encyclopædia Britannica Online; H. Rosenthal y J. Warrack, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera , Londres, Oxford University Press, 1964, ad nomen ; Teresa Radomski, Manuel García (1805/1906): A Bicentenary Reflection, "Australian Voice", Volumen 11, 2005, p. 26) informan que Madrid es el (probable) lugar de nacimiento de García, pero su alumno y biógrafo Malcolm Sterling Mackinlay escribió que "el lugar de su nacimiento no fue Madrid, como ha sido hasta ahora". Se suele decir, pero Zafra en Cataluña” ( García el Centenario , p. 13). En realidad, sin embargo, la localidad de Zafra está en Extremadura , no en Cataluña .
  3. Manuel García (1855). "Observaciones sobre la voz humana". Actas de la Royal Society de Londres . 7 (60): 399–410. doi :10.1098/rspl.1854.0094. PMC 5180321 . PMID  30163547 . Consultado el 28 de agosto de 2010 . 
  4. ^ Sociedad Estadounidense de Otología (1905). El laringoscopio . Volumen 15, págs. 402-403
  5. ^ Mackinlay, pag. 219
  6. ^ Lee, Sidney , ed. (1912). «García, Manuel»  . Diccionario de Biografía Nacional (2º suplemento) . vol. 2. Londres: Smith, Elder & Co.
  7. ^ Teresa Radomski (2005). «Manuel García (1805–1906):Una reflexión bicentenaria» (PDF) . Voz australiana . 11 : 25–41 . Consultado el 28 de agosto de 2010 .
Fuentes

enlaces externos

Este artículo incorpora texto de una publicación que ahora es de dominio públicoGilman, DC ; Peck, HT; Colby, FM, eds. (1905). Nueva Enciclopedia Internacional (1ª ed.). Nueva York: Dodd, Mead. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Falta o está vacío |title=( ayuda )