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List of former places of worship in Chichester District

Throughout the district of Chichester, churches and chapels have fallen out of religious use and in many cases now have a new function. "The Old Chapel" at Nutbourne, now in commercial use, was built for Bible Christian worshippers in 1905.
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In the district of Chichester, a large rural area in the English county of West Sussex, there are more than 50 former churches, chapels and other places of worship that still stand but that are no longer in religious use. Many are in the ancient city of Chichester, the district's largest centre of population: many medieval and Victorian Anglican churches were built there to serve tiny parishes (sometimes covering only a few streets) that were later combined with others, and chapels serving various Nonconformist denominations were closed after their congregations declined. Elsewhere, in villages and scattered farming communities in the rest of the district, churches and chapels were superseded by new buildings, closed due to declining attendance or shifts in population, or rendered unusable because of structural problems. A few former places of worship are now ruinous but still survive in derelict or fragmentary form. Many others are fully usable and have been converted to new uses: residential, commercial, educational, social and others. Some former churches stand empty awaiting a new function.

Of the 54 former places of worship in the district as of 2024, 21 have been listed by English Heritage for their architectural and historical importance. A building is defined as "listed" when it is placed on a statutory register of buildings of "special architectural or historic interest" in accordance with the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990.[1] The Department for Culture, Media and Sport, a Government department, is responsible for this; English Heritage, a non-departmental public body, acts as an agency of the department to administer the process and advise the department on relevant issues.[2] There are three grades of listing status: Grade I, the highest, is defined as being of "exceptional interest"; Grade II* is used for "particularly important buildings of more than special interest"; and Grade II, the lowest, is used for buildings of "special interest".[3] As of February 2001, there were 80 buildings with Grade I status, 114 with Grade II* status and 3,057 with Grade II status in the district.[4]

Overview of the district

The district of Chichester is on the west side of West Sussex.

The district of Chichester covers about 300 square miles (780 km2)[5] and takes up most of the western half of West Sussex.[6] The population in 2011 was 113,800.[7] The ancient city of Chichester (originally a Roman town), with 23,731 residents at the time of the 2001 Census, is the largest settlement; there are also small towns, villages and hamlets. Only East Wittering, Midhurst, Selsey and Southbourne civil parishes have more than 3,000 people.[8]

The former Church of the Assumption of St Mary the Virgin in East Wittering (photographed in March 2012) stands empty and requires ongoing maintenance.

The city of Chichester has eight former Anglican churches, including six in the ancient city centre. St Olave's Church dates from the 11th century; the Churches of All Saints-in-the-Pallant and St Andrew-in-the-Oxmarket were built in the 13th century; and the Churches of St John the Evangelist, St Bartholomew and St Peter the Great all date from the 19th century[9] Anglican churchbuilding fervour that added hundreds of new buildings across England, not least in Sussex.[10] Several other churches existed but have now gone, and there were eight ancient parishes; also, many of the churches were close together in the northeastern quarter of the city. This may account for both the small size of the ancient churches[11] and the closure of many in the 20th century. Churches in the suburbs of Portfield and Rumboldswyke were declared redundant in 1981 and 1994 respectively.[12] Portfield's is now a doll and mechanical musical instrument museum,[13] and St Andrew-in-the-Oxmarket is an arts centre; St Olave's Church is a bookshop; Rumboldswyke and All Saints-in-the-Pallant have been converted into offices; St Peter the Great's Church has become a bar and restaurant; and the former Hornet Bible Christian Chapel is now a Chinese takeaway. Eastgate Hall, a Baptist place of worship from the 17th century until the mid-20th century, has had various secular uses including a restaurant, and is now a betting shop.[14]

Elsewhere in the district, several other former Anglican parish churches are now closed for public worship. Examples are East Wittering, where the isolated 12th-century building was replaced with a modern church near the centre of population;[15] Merston, where St Giles' Church was shut in 2010 because the roof was unsound;[16] West Lavington, whose parish was united with that of Cocking when the church became too expensive for the small congregation to maintain;[17] and Milland, where a new church was built alongside the old Tuxlith Chapel.[18] Small settlements within larger parishes, including Bedham,[19] Bexley Common, Henley Common[20] and Rake,[21] had their own mission churches (chapels of ease to the parish church) at various times during the 19th and 20th centuries but have now lost them.

Roman Catholicism has always had a strong following in West Sussex,[22] and the two former churches of that denomination in the district both closed because they were replaced by larger buildings. At Midhurst the old church became a restaurant,[23] and a barn served as a Mass Centre in Nutbourne until a permanent church was built at nearby Bosham.[24] In contrast, various Protestant Nonconformist denominations that were strong in the 19th and early 20th centuries have declined, leading to the closure and sale of many chapels – often small, simple buildings in rural locations. The city of Chichester was a Presbyterian stronghold in the 18th century,[22] supporting the Baffin's Hall chapel (now an auction gallery) from 1721.[25] Calvinistic causes opened chapels catering for groups whose frequent splits and amalgamations led to the adoption of various denominational descriptions: chapels at Fernhurst, Midhurst and Petworth, all named Ebenezer, were used at various times by Strict Baptists, Particular Baptists, Independents and Gospel Standard Baptists,[26] while a building with the same name in central Chichester passed from Independents to Congregationalists.[27] The same happened at South Harting, where a meeting house (unusually built of clunch)[22] that was provided for Independents in 1800 was ultimately superseded by a Congregational chapel, which survives in use, in 1871.[28] Several Congregational chapels in other villages closed before the denomination united with the Presbyterian Church of England to form the United Reformed Church: Broadbridge,[29] Cocking,[30] Funtington[31] and Wisborough Green[32] all lost theirs. Even chapels that survived beyond the 1972 union were not immune from decline: Bosham Congregational Church, latterly Bosham United Reformed Church, held its final service in 2005.[33] Methodism also experienced decline, and the gradual merger of several sub-groups (Bible Christians, Primitive Methodists, Wesleyans and others) to form the Methodist Church of Great Britain in 1932 reduced the number of chapels needed for worship.[34] In West Sussex, just as in neighbouring counties, it proved popular to convert these buildings – sturdily built, often attractively designed and usually sold cheaply – into houses[35] (as at Somerley,[36] Sidlesham,[37] Fernhurst,[38] Walderton[39] and West Wittering)[40] or for commercial use, as evidenced by the former Bible Christian chapels in both Chichester[14] and Nutbourne.[41] The now-vanished Society of Dependants (also known as Cokelers), a small and obscure sect found in Surrey and Sussex,[22] were based at Loxwood in Chichester district; their old chapel there is still in use by another congregation,[42] but former Cokeler chapels in both Northchapel and Chichester have now fallen out of religious use.[22]

Former places of worship

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Or Smyth. His father was also Thomas.[44]
  2. ^ Sometimes spelt St Olav.[55]
  3. ^ The village is also known as Woolavington.[91]

References

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  10. ^ Elleray 1981, p. 22.
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  29. ^ a b "Bosham Village Design Statement" (PDF). Bosham Parish Council and the Bosham Association. November 2011. p. 21. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
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  31. ^ a b "Congregational Chapel". Funtington Archive. 2010. Archived from the original on 7 January 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  32. ^ a b Lines 2002, p. 87.
  33. ^ a b "The United Reformed Church General Assembly 2006: Annual Reports, Resolutions and Papers" (PDF). London: The United Reformed Church. 2006. p. 23. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
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  35. ^ Homan 1984, p. 29.
  36. ^ a b Elleray 2004, p. 20.
  37. ^ a b Elleray 2004, p. 50.
  38. ^ a b c Elleray 2004, p. 24.
  39. ^ a b Elleray 2004, p. 54.
  40. ^ a b c d Elleray 2004, p. 55.
  41. ^ a b c Elleray 2004, p. 43.
  42. ^ Elleray 2004, p. 40.
  43. ^ "Bedham Mission Church of St. Michael and All Angels". The Derelict Miscellany. D.A. Gregory. 2005–2012. Archived from the original on 25 August 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
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  46. ^ Nairn & Pevsner 1965, pp. 104–105.
  47. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1026452)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  48. ^ Elleray 2004, p. 6.
  49. ^ Nairn & Pevsner 1965, p. 113.
  50. ^ Wales 1999, p. 34.
  51. ^ Nairn & Pevsner 1965, p. 170.
  52. ^ a b c d e f Elleray 2004, p. 16.
  53. ^ Morgan 1992, p. 156.
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  55. ^ a b Morgan 1992, p. 86.
  56. ^ Nairn & Pevsner 1965, p. 179.
  57. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1026724)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  58. ^ a b c Nairn & Pevsner 1965, p. 168.
  59. ^ Morgan 1992, pp. 91–92.
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  61. ^ Morgan 1992, p. 144.
  62. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1181561)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
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  65. ^ Nairn & Pevsner 1965, p. 169.
  66. ^ "No. 41708". The London Gazette. 15 May 1959. p. 3174.
  67. ^ Morgan 1992, p. 72.
  68. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1026613)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  69. ^ Nairn & Pevsner 1965, p. 171.
  70. ^ a b c d e Salzman, L. F., ed. (1935). "A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 3. Chichester: Churches (Non-Anglican)". Victoria County History of Sussex. British History Online. p. 164. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  71. ^ Stell 2002, pp. 334–336.
  72. ^ Morgan 1992, p. 169.
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  75. ^ Morgan 1992, p. 135.
  76. ^ a b c d Homan 1997, p. 281.
  77. ^ Morgan 1992, p. 176.
  78. ^ Morgan 1992, p. 189.
  79. ^ Nairn & Pevsner 1965, pp. 169–170.
  80. ^ Morgan 1992, pp. 132–133.
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  82. ^ Nairn & Pevsner 1965, p. 184.
  83. ^ Morgan 1992, p. 149.
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  87. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1026240)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  88. ^ Nairn & Pevsner 1965, p. 320.
  89. ^ Wales 1999, p. 57.
  90. ^ Coppin 2006, p. 18.
  91. ^ a b Swinfen & Arscott 1984, p. 153.
  92. ^ Nairn & Pevsner 1965, p. 215.
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  96. ^ Wales 1999, p. 87.
  97. ^ Nairn & Pevsner 1965, pp. 216–217.
  98. ^ Salzman, L. F., ed. (1953). "A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 4 – The Rape of Chichester. East Wittering". Victoria County History of Sussex. British History Online. pp. 215–217. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
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  100. ^ Registered in accordance with the Places of Worship Registration Act 1855 (Number in Worship Register: 453; Name: Ebenezer Chapel; Address: Chapel Street, Fernhurst; Denomination: Independents. (Archived version of list from April 2010; subsequent updates)
  101. ^ Chambers 1953, p. 125.
  102. ^ a b "Memories of Fernhurst: Nonconformist Churches". Transcript of MS "Fernhurst in Living Memory", published in 1958 by Fernhurst Women's Institute. The Fernhurst Society. 2012 [1958]. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  103. ^ "No. 51679". The London Gazette. 20 March 1989. p. 3453.
  104. ^ "No. 43169". The London Gazette. 26 November 1963. p. 9727.
  105. ^ Salzman, L. F., ed. (1953). "A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 4 – The Rape of Chichester. Funtington". Victoria County History of Sussex. British History Online. pp. 190–192. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  106. ^ Wales 1999, p. 109.
  107. ^ "The Time Machine". Sussex Museums Group. 2012. Archived from the original on 27 December 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  108. ^ "Lynchmere & Camelsdale". A Church Near You website. Archbishops' Council. 2010. Archived from the original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  109. ^ Salzman, L. F., ed. (1953). "A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 4 – The Rape of Chichester. Easebourne". Victoria County History of Sussex. British History Online. pp. 47–53. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  110. ^ Elleray 2004, p. 31.
  111. ^ Rudkin 1974, p. 7.
  112. ^ Registered in accordance with the Places of Worship Registration Act 1855 (Number in Worship Register: 48595; Name: Mission Hall; Address: Thorney Road, Hermitage, Westbourne; Denomination: Christians not otherwise designated. (Archived version of list from April 2010; subsequent updates)
  113. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1276899)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  114. ^ Nairn & Pevsner 1965, p. 270.
  115. ^ Coppin 2006, p. 21.
  116. ^ Salzman, L. F., ed. (1953). "A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 4 – The Rape of Chichester. Merston". Victoria County History of Sussex. British History Online. pp. 158–160. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  117. ^ Stell 2002, p. 352.
  118. ^ Chambers 1953, p. 128.
  119. ^ Salzman, L. F., ed. (1953). "A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 4 – The Rape of Chichester. Midhurst". Victoria County History of Sussex. British History Online. pp. 74–80. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  120. ^ Nairn & Pevsner 1965, pp. 273–274.
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  123. ^ a b c Stell 2002, p. 353.
  124. ^ Wales 1999, p. 154.
  125. ^ Registered in accordance with the Places of Worship Registration Act 1855 (Number in Worship Register: 42012; Name: Dependents' Chapel; Address: Northchapel; Denomination: Dependents. (Archived version of list from April 2010; subsequent updates)
  126. ^ Registered in accordance with the Places of Worship Registration Act 1855 (Number in Worship Register: 41667; Name: Methodist Church; Address: Nutbourne, Near Westbourne; Denomination: Methodist Church. (Archived version of list from April 2010; subsequent updates)
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  130. ^ Registered in accordance with the Places of Worship Registration Act 1855 (Number in Worship Register: 42307; Name: Ebenezer Chapel; Address: Petworth; Denomination: Strict Baptists. (Archived version of list from April 2010; subsequent updates)
  131. ^ a b Elleray 2004, p. 44.
  132. ^ Homan 1997, p. 282.
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  134. ^ a b "No. 61871". The London Gazette. 14 March 2017. p. 5510.
  135. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1224228)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  136. ^ Nairn & Pevsner 1965, p. 300.
  137. ^ Elleray 2004, p. 45.
  138. ^ "Gallery: Plaistow is thriving thanks to four beating hearts". Midhurst and Petworth Observer. Johnston Publishing Ltd. 20 November 2008. Archived from the original on 26 March 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  139. ^ "New Mission Hall, Plaistow, West Sussex, England". e-architect. 2012. Archived from the original on 27 July 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  140. ^ "New Mission Hall". Royal Institute of British Architects. 2011. Archived from the original on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  141. ^ Salzman, L. F., ed. (1953). "A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 4 – The Rape of Chichester. Oving". Victoria County History of Sussex. British History Online. pp. 165–170. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  142. ^ "No. 48534". The London Gazette. 24 February 1981. p. 2684. Notice is hereby given that Her Majesty was pleased on the 18th February 1981 by Order in Council to confirm the following Schemes made by the Church Commissioners for: [...] declaring redundant the parish church of the parish of Portfield, in the diocese of Chichester.
  143. ^ "Kevin G Campbell". Lowi Ltd t/a My Local Services. 2005–2012. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  144. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1354384)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  145. ^ Nairn & Pevsner 1965, pp. 170–171.
  146. ^ Salzman, L. F., ed. (1953). "A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 4 – The Rape of Chichester. Rumboldswyke". Victoria County History of Sussex. British History Online. pp. 171–174. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  147. ^ "No. 50699". The London Gazette. 30 October 1986. p. 13989.
  148. ^ Stell 2002, p. 342.
  149. ^ Salzman, L. F., ed. (1953). "A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 4 – The Rape of Chichester. Treyford". Victoria County History of Sussex. British History Online. pp. 30–32. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  150. ^ Nairn & Pevsner 1965, pp. 354–355.
  151. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1275271)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  152. ^ Salzman, L. F., ed. (1953). "A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 4 – The Rape of Chichester. Elsted". Victoria County History of Sussex. British History Online. pp. 8–10. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  153. ^ Salzman, L. F., ed. (1953). "A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 4 – The Rape of Chichester. Stoughton". Victoria County History of Sussex. British History Online. pp. 121–126. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  154. ^ Registered in accordance with the Places of Worship Registration Act 1855 (Number in Worship Register: 17394; Name: Methodist Chapel; Address: Walderton, Stoughton; Denomination: Methodist Church. (Archived version of list from April 2010; subsequent updates)
  155. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1275104)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  156. ^ Nairn & Pevsner 1965, p. 374.
  157. ^ Salzman, L. F., ed. (1953). "A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 4 – The Rape of Chichester. West Lavington". Victoria County History of Sussex. British History Online. p. 65. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  158. ^ Salzman, L. F., ed. (1953). "A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 4 – The Rape of Chichester. Compton". Victoria County History of Sussex. British History Online. pp. 91–94. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  159. ^ Registered in accordance with the Places of Worship Registration Act 1855 (Number in Worship Register: 64298; Name: West Marden Evangelical Chapel; Address: The Village, Near Marden; Denomination: Christians not otherwise designated. (Archived version of list from April 2010; subsequent updates)
  160. ^ "No. 38255". The London Gazette. 6 April 1948. p. 2221.
  161. ^ Registered in accordance with the Places of Worship Registration Act 1855 (Number in Worship Register: 14521; Name: Bethesda Chapel; Address: West Wittering; Denomination: Methodist Church. (Archived version of list from April 2010; subsequent updates)
  162. ^ Registered in accordance with the Places of Worship Registration Act 1855 (Number in Worship Register: 71307; Name: Salvation Army Hall; Address: Hampshire Bridge, Westbourne; Denomination: Salvation Army. (Archived version of list from April 2010; subsequent updates)
  163. ^ "No. 28623". The London Gazette. 2 July 1912. p. 4803.
  164. ^ "No. 38503". The London Gazette. 4 January 1949. p. 90.
  165. ^ "No. 44584". The London Gazette. 26 March 1968. p. 3584.

Bibliography