stringtranslate.com

Hiring and personnel concerns about Donald Trump

Donald Trump has had his hiring decisions criticized due to relatively high level of scandals and legal trouble.[1][2] Turnover in the Trump administration was the highest of all presidents since Brookings Institution started measuring in 1980, and cause for concern according to some experts.[3][4] According to some historians, Trump has received criticism from former officials at levels not seen over the last hundred years.[5] Nepotism has also risen as a point of comparison across administrations, with Trump having more family members in prominent roles than recent presidents.[6]

Turnover

Turnover by presidency according to the Brookings Institution[7][3]

Donald Trump had more turnover in his administration than any president since the Brookings Institution started measuring in 1980, with 92% of his A-team followed by another 45% of his second hires for his A-team.[7][3][8] The turnover rate in his first year was double the next highest president since Reagan.[9] Kathryn Dunn Tenpas suggested that the high turnover stemmed from Trump's insistence on loyalty over competence.[10] Infighting was also reportedly particularly intense and vicious.[11]

A 2018 Harvard Business Review article argued that White House turnover was especially concerning in the Trump administration due to the lack of experience and expertise among the staffers Trump hired.[12] The article also argued that high turnover slows down productive work during the transition and as the new hire progresses up the learning curve, and that teams with high turnover at the top tend to perform worse.[12] Replacement times can be higher in the White House due to security clearances, which makes high turnover environments more disruptive.[12] Gautam Mukunda argues that the manner in which many high-profile personnel were fired, such as over Twitter, shrinks the pool of qualified candidates who would want to work in a Trump administration.[12] There also have not seemed to have been lucrative jobs waiting for former White House officials as was true of previous administrations. He also speculated that the threat of legal bills for working in a Trump administration would be a significant deterrent.[12][13]

In June 2020, Mick Mulvaney said that if he had one criticism of Trump, it was that he did not hire very well.[14]

Acting secretaries

Trump opted for filling some positions temporarily with acting appointees who did not have to get Senate confirmation.[15] Stanford Law Professor Anne Joseph O'Connell found that they have a harder time accomplishing their work and have less influence.[15] An April 2019 Time article described Trump as having an historically high level of acting cabinet members.[15] Jon Michaels at UCLA School of Law called Trump's use of acting secretaries "very troubling."[15]

Presidential transition

2016

Trump's 2016 presidential transition set a 'low bar' for modern transitions according to Max Stier, followed by George H. W. Bush.[16][17]

2024

Trump's 2024 transition team officially started in August, which is considered unusually late as most transition efforts start in the late spring.[16] Donald Trump Jr. and Eric Trump were reported by Axios to be screening members of the transition team and future administration for loyalty.[18] Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s inclusion as an honorary co-chair has generated concern among health experts worried about the influence he could get over hiring people related to vaccines and other important health-related positions.[19][20] Kennedy said his role in the administration would relate to healthcare and food and drug policy.[21] Another conspiracy theorist named an honorary co-chair is Tulsi Gabbard.[22][23] Gabbard has defended autocratic regimes against criticism including Russia and Syria.[22]

Felony convictions, indictments, charges and other ethics scandals

In July 2024, Axios described the number of Trump associates sentenced to prison as "striking".[24] PolitiFact noted in 2020 that there have historically been many more indictments under Republican presidents than Democratic ones with 28 indictments under Nixon and 33 under Reagan.[25]

Robert Schlesinger criticized Trump's hiring decisions for the relatively high level of scandals and legal trouble, arguing that Trump's focus on loyalty over competence drives many of the issues.[2] Chris Christie called hiring "a blind spot" for Trump.[1][26]

By March 2018, 7 out of 24 members of Trump's cabinet faced accusations of abusing their perks in office.[27]

In March 2018, ProPublica revealed that at least 187 of Trump's first 2,475 political appointees have been lobbyists, with many overseeing industries they once lobbied for.[28] They revealed that of those, Trump had hired 18 recent lobbyists compared to 14 for Obama. The report found 27 members of the Heritage Foundation were hired.[28][relevant?]

Family members in major roles

Nepotism is more often associated with dictatorships who centralize power in unqualified family members.[6] In 1967, a Federal anti-nepotism statute was passed after John F. Kennedy appointed his brother Robert F. Kennedy as Attorney General.[29]

Nepotism has also risen as a point of comparison across administrations, with Trump having more family members in prominent roles than recent presidents.[6] The Guardian cites foreign policy experts that think that 'dynastic displays' by promoting ones kids who do not have experience, damages America's credibility.[30] Vox criticizes his "several adult children and in-laws who have business careers that are enmeshed with his political fortunes."[31] Matthew Yglesias also described Ivanka as "involved in policymaking in a way that’s simply unheard of for a presidential child, especially one with zero prior experience in politics and government".[31] Yglesias also described Jared Kushner, another senior adviser for Trump, as having "a vast policy portfolio, no obvious qualifications for government, and a large fortune inherited from his criminal father has left Kushner with myriad financial conflicts of interest."[31]

While Donald Trump Jr. and Eric Trump have been campaigning for their dad since 2016 and in 2024 have become, along Eric's wife and RNC co-chair Lara Trump, the most visible family members of the campaign and would be expected to have a significant role in a future administration.[32][33] Donald Trump Jr. hopes to be a gatekeeper who can veto any hire and who, along with Eric, was reportedly influential in JD Vance being selected as the Vice Presidential nominee.[32][33]

Criticism by former personnel

USA Today interviewed three presidential historians and a political scientist about how usual the amount of criticism Trump has gotten from former officials who served under him who reported that it had no historical precedent in the last century.[5] The Washington Post said that no president had ever drawn more detractors from inside his inner-circle.[34] CNN said that "No person in US politics – certainly no recent president – has such an expansive list of high-profile allies turned enemies."[35] PBS described the level of detractors who witnessed the president work first-hand as, "without precedent in the modern era."[36]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Mosk, Matthew; Faulders, Katherine (August 21, 2020). "Trump's checkered hiring record widens as Bannon joins list of indicted insiders". ABC News. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Schlesinger, Robert (July 29, 2024). "J.D. Vance Proves It: Trump Hires the Very Worst People". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  3. ^ a b c Tenpas, Kathryn Dunn (March 19, 2024). "Tracking turnover in the Biden administration". Brookings. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  4. ^ Stewart, James B. (January 10, 2019). "Why Trump's Unusual Leadership Style Isn't Working in the White House". New York Times. Mr. Trump was able to assemble a relatively stable and loyal team of people who worked for him for years when he ran his private business. His failure to do so at the White House — save for a couple of survivors including Kellyanne Conway and family members like Jared Kushner — may be his most perplexing and conspicuous management failure.
  5. ^ a b c Anderson, Zac (April 12, 2024). "'Unprecedented' and 'stunning' number of Trump administration alums oppose his reelection". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2024-08-27. The sheer number of Trump officials − a minimum of 16 − speaking out against their former boss, and the severity of their criticism, is highly unusual. It has no historical precedent in the last century, according to three presidential historians and a political scientist interviewed by USA TODAY.
  6. ^ a b c Heer, Jeet (April 4, 2017). "The Scary Power of Nepotism in Trump's White House". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  7. ^ a b Tenpas, Kathryn Dunn (January 2021). "Tracking turnover in the Trump administration". Brookings. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  8. ^ "The White House revolving door: Who's gone?". BBC News. 2017-05-10. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  9. ^ Parvaneh, Danush (2018-03-08). "The revolving door at the Trump White House". Vox. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  10. ^ Tenpas, Kathryn Dunn (September 2018). "White House Staff Turnover in Year One of the Trump Administration: Context, Consequences, and Implications for Governing 1". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 48 (3): 502–516. doi:10.1111/psq.12479. ISSN 0360-4918.
  11. ^ Stern, Eric (2018-12-11). "Trump presidency's personnel turmoil stands in stark contrast to the 'nice guy' administration of George H. W. Bush". The Conversation. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  12. ^ a b c d e Mukunda, Gautam (2018-04-06). "Why Staff Turnover in the White House Is Such a Bad Thing — Especially For President Trump". Harvard Business Review. ISSN 0017-8012. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  13. ^ Samuelsohn, Darren; Johnson, Eliana (March 1, 2018). "Trump ignored 'bright line' on discussing Russia with Hicks". Politico.
  14. ^ Forgey, Quint (June 19, 2020). "Mulvaney: Trump 'didn't hire very well,' doesn't mesh with 'military personality'". Politico.
  15. ^ a b c d Gajanan, Mahita (2019-04-09). "Trump Likes Acting Cabinet Members. Research Shows They May Hurt Him". TIME. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  16. ^ a b Miller, Zeke (2024-08-27). "Presidential transition planning has begun in earnest, but Trump and Harris are already behind". AP News. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  17. ^ Balz, Dan (April 4, 2017). "'It went off the rails almost immediately': How Trump's messy transition led to a chaotic presidency". Washington Post.
  18. ^ Thompson, Alex (April 24, 2024). "Exclusive: Trump brothers Eric and Don Jr. emerge as loyalty czars". Axios.
  19. ^ Trudo, Hanna; Weixel, Nathaniel (September 6, 2024). "Alarm grows over possible RFK Jr. role at HHS if Trump wins". The Hill.
  20. ^ Prater, Nia (2024-08-27). "RFK Jr. and Tulsi Gabbard Are Joining the Trump Transition Team". Intelligencer. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  21. ^ Haberman, Maggie; Swan, Jonathan; O’Brien, Rebecca Davis (August 27, 2024). "Donald Trump plans to name Robert Kennedy and Tulsi Gabbard as honorary co-chairs of his transition team". New York Times.
  22. ^ a b Rashid, Hafiz (August 27, 2024). "Trump Fills His Transition Team With Moronic Conspiracy Theorists". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  23. ^ Oamek, Paige (August 27, 2024). "RFK Jr. Reveals Terrifying Role He'll Play in Helping Trump". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  24. ^ Saric, Ivana (July 2, 2024). "Charted: Trump world allies sentenced to prison". Axios.
  25. ^ Kertscher, Tom. "Many more indictments under 3 GOP vs 3 Dem presidents". @politifact. Retrieved 2024-09-19.
  26. ^ Cathey, Libby (February 6, 2024). "Chris Christie predicts 'huge personnel problem' if Trump is reelected to 'vendetta presidency'". ABC News. Retrieved 2024-09-19.
  27. ^ Overby, Peter (March 8, 2018). "Trump's Cabinet Scandals: Is Abuse Of Office Contagious?". NPR. Liautaud said poor ethical conduct is highly contagious within an organization, and added, 'The more dangerous part is that not only does unethical behavior spread, but it mutates into other forms of unethical behavior.'
    She said what starts out as a simple transgression can lead to doctoring emails, or lying to investigators, or threatening whistleblowers — all hallmarks of the travel and spending cases now under scrutiny.
  28. ^ a b Kravitz, Derek; Shaw, Al; Arnsdorf, Isaac (2018-03-07). "What We Found in Trump's Drained Swamp: Hundreds of Ex-Lobbyists and D.C. Insiders". ProPublica. Retrieved 2024-09-19.
  29. ^ "Post-Trump Reforms - Executive Power". The New York Times. 2019-09-10. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-08-24.
  30. ^ Smith, David (2019-07-01). "Trump nepotism attacked after 'out-of-her-depth' Ivanka given key summit role". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-09-19.
  31. ^ a b c Yglesias, Matthew (2020-10-26). "Nepotism and the 2020 election, explained". Vox. Retrieved 2024-09-19.
  32. ^ a b Anderson, Zac. "Which Trump family members could have influence in a second administration?". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2024-09-19.
  33. ^ a b Allen, Jonathan (2024-07-17). "The MAGA wing of the Trump family takes center stage". NBC News. Retrieved 2024-09-19.
  34. ^ Dawsey, Josh (2023-11-20). "Many former Trump aides say he shouldn't be president. Will it matter?". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2024-08-27. No president has ever attracted more public detractors who were formerly in his inner circle... Among them are his former vice president, top military advisers, lawyers, some members of his Cabinet, economic advisers, press officials and campaign aides, some of whom are working for other candidates.
  35. ^ Wolf, Zachary B. (2023-10-03). "Analysis: 24 former Trump allies and aides who turned against him | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved 2024-08-27. No person in US politics – certainly no recent president – has such an expansive list of high-profile allies turned enemies.
  36. ^ "Former Trump officials are among the most vocal opponents of returning him to the White House". PBS News. 2024-04-05. Retrieved 2024-08-27. It's a striking chorus of detractors, one without precedent in the modern era, coming from those who witnessed first-hand his conduct in office and the turmoil that followed.
  37. ^ Alana Wise (February 7, 2022). "Top White House science adviser announces resignation after reports of bullying". NPR.
  38. ^ Barr, Luke; Katersky, Aaron; Reinstein, Julia (July 23, 2024). "Secret Service Director Kimberly Cheatle resigns". ABC News. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  39. ^ Brian Schwartz (February 12, 2021). "Biden spokesman suspended for a week after reportedly threatening reporter". CNBC. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
  40. ^ a b c d e f g Saric, Ivana (July 2, 2024). "Charted: Trump world allies sentenced to prison".
  41. ^ a b c d e f Mendoza, Megan (April 11, 2024). "Trump associates who have had legal trouble of their own". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  42. ^ "Read the full Georgia indictment against Trump and 18 allies". PBS News. 2023-08-15. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  43. ^ Licon, Adriana Gomez; Tucker, Erick (2023-07-06). "Trump valet Walt Nauta pleads not guilty in classified documents case". AP News. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  44. ^ a b Cillizza, Chris (2021-07-21). "Analysis: 11 Trump associates have now been charged with crimes. 11! | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  45. ^ a b c Scheck, Tom (2018-02-16). "Ethics Be Damned: More than half of Trump's 20-person Cabinet has engaged in questionable or unethical conduct". Marketplace (radio program) and APM Reports. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  46. ^ a b c d e f g h Scheck, Tom. "More than half of Trump's 20-person Cabinet has engaged in questionable or unethical conduct". APM Reports by American Public Media. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  47. ^ Kheel, Rebecca (February 16, 2018). "VA secretary's chief of staff leaving amid travel scandal". The Hill.
  48. ^ Shane, Leo III (March 29, 2018). "Shulkin out: Trump fires VA secretary after weeks of controversy". Military Times. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
  49. ^ Boudreau, Catherine (March 7, 2018). "Forest Service chief resigns in wake of sexual misconduct allegations". Politico.
  50. ^ Derek Kravitz, Isaac Arnsdorf and Marina Affo (August 31, 2017). "Lifting the Veil on Another Batch of Shadowy Trump Appointees". propublica.org.
  51. ^ "Alex Acosta resigns as labor secretary, the latest Trump official to leave amid scandal". The Washington Post.
  52. ^ Viebeck, Elise (February 9, 2018). "Second White House official departs amid abuse allegations, which he denies". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  53. ^ MacGillis, Alec (2024-08-01). "The Man Behind Project 2025's Most Radical Plans". ProPublica. Retrieved 2024-08-14.
  54. ^ O'Harrow, Robert Jr. (January 24, 2018). "Trump's 24-year-old drug policy appointee to step down by month's end". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  55. ^ Mufson, Steven. "Interior secretary extends the tenure of federal lands chief — without a presidential nomination". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
  56. ^ "Judge: DHS head didn't have authority to suspend DACA". Associated Press. November 15, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  57. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Vazquez, Maegan (2020-06-04). "The long list of Trump administration officials turned critics | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  58. ^ Callahan, Michael; Sullivan, Kate (24 September 2020). "Retired top general who advised Trump is among nearly 500 national security experts endorsing Biden". CNN. Archived from the original on 2020-09-24. Retrieved 2020-09-24.
  59. ^ Sforza, Lauren (July 30, 2023). "Dozens of former Trump Cabinet officials won't publicly support his 2024 reelection bid". The Hill.
  60. ^ Mueller, Julia (May 16, 2024). "Here are the prominent Republicans backing Biden over Trump". The Hill. Retrieved May 30, 2024.
  61. ^ Miller, Tim (May 7, 2024). "Elizabeth Neumann and Geoff Duncan: Republican Voters Against Trump". The Bulwark.
  62. ^ "Ex-Trump Official Reveals What Worries Him Most About a Second Trump Term". HuffPost. July 27, 2023.
  63. ^ Gangitano, Alex (August 4, 2024). "Harris team launches GOP group with endorsements from ex-Trump officials, key Republican voices". The Hill. Retrieved August 4, 2024.
  64. ^ a b c d McCarthy, Bill. "Fact-check: Post on Trump relatives in White House". @politifact. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  65. ^ Yglesias, Matthew (2020-10-26). "Nepotism and the 2020 election, explained". Vox. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  66. ^ a b Allen, Jonathan (2024-07-17). "The MAGA wing of the Trump family takes center stage". NBC News. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  67. ^ Tannehill, Brynn (March 6, 2024). "Lara Trump at the RNC: One Step Closer to Hereditary Dictatorship". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  68. ^ Layne, Nathan; Slattery, Gram (February 12, 2024). "Trump backs North Carolina Republican as RNC chair, daughter-in-law Lara Trump as co-chair". Reuters.
  69. ^ Mencimer, Stephanie. "From "laddie mag" model to RNC co-chair—the nepo-spouse rise of Lara Trump". Mother Jones. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  70. ^ Goldman, Adam (April 23, 2015). "Petraeus pleads guilty to mishandling classified material, will face probation". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
  71. ^ Greenhouse, Steven (May 27, 2012). "Labor Board Member Resigns Over Leak to G.O.P. Allies". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 8, 2017.
  72. ^ Korte, Gregory (August 10, 2015). "White House aide arrested for assault". USA Today.
  73. ^ Courson, Paul (April 3, 2012). "GSA chief gone, but fallout continues in wake of lavish convention expense". CNN. Archived from the original on January 17, 2013.
  74. ^ a b Dawsey, Josh (2023-11-20). "Many former Trump aides say he shouldn't be president. Will it matter?". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  75. ^ Glass, Andrew (June 5, 2018). "'Scooter' Libby sentenced to federal prison, June 5, 2007". Politico.
  76. ^ "Former White House Official Convicted in Abramoff Case". NPR. June 20, 2006.
  77. ^ Schmitt, Richard B. (2007-03-24). "Griles guilty in Abramoff case". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  78. ^ a b c "Convictions In The Abramoff Corruption Probe - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. 2011-02-11. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  79. ^ a b c d e f g h Eggen, Dan; Elizabeth Williamson (September 19, 2007). "Democrats May Tie Confirmation to Gonzales Papers". The Washington Post. pp. A10. Retrieved 2007-09-19.
  80. ^ "OIC Smaltz: Press Releases". Govinfo.library.unt.edu. Archived from the original on January 17, 2013. Retrieved May 14, 2013.
  81. ^ Evon, Dan (July 29, 2016). "Bill Clinton was Fined, Disbarred over the Monica Lewinsky Scandal". Snopes.
  82. ^ "White House Aide Resigns After Golf Trip by Helocopter". The Tech. May 27, 1994. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  83. ^ Writer, Linley Sanders Staff (2017-11-27). "Bill Clinton White House Staff Feared Bending Over". Newsweek. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  84. ^ Johnson, Carrie (June 21, 2016). "Clinton Scandals: A Guide From Whitewater To The Clinton Foundation". NPR.
  85. ^ "Former Treasurer Guilty of Tax Evasion : Corruption: Bush Administration official also admits obstructing federal probe and concealing business links". Los Angeles Times. February 18, 1994. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  86. ^ "Ex-U.S. Treasurer Given Prison Term". Los Angeles Times. September 14, 1994. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  87. ^ "The Iran-Contra Affair 20 Years On". George Washington University. Archived from the original on May 2, 2013. Retrieved May 14, 2013.
  88. ^ a b c d e f Bush, George H. W. (December 24, 1992). "Proclamation 6518 – Grant of Executive Clemency". The American Presidency Project. Archived from the original on May 14, 2008. Retrieved April 23, 2008.
  89. ^ Frantz, Douglas (October 19, 1991). "Paisley Gets 4-Year Term in Ill Wind Case : Pentagon: He is the highest-ranking target and his sentence is the stiffest yet in the defense procurement scandal". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 21, 2015.
  90. ^ a b "Ex-Official Sentenced". The New York Times. Alexandria, Virginia. Associated Press. June 1, 1992. Archived from the original on November 1, 2016.
  91. ^ RollingStone.com, November 18, 2003, "Crimes Against Nature" by Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
  92. ^ a b c Labaton, Stephen (October 27, 1993). "Ex-Official Is Convicted In HUD Scandal of 80's". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 3, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
  93. ^ The Washington Post, October 15, 1999, "Strauss Convicted" by Toni Locy
  94. ^ Greenhouse, Linda (December 8, 1992). "Supreme Court Roundup; Iran-Contra Appeal Refused by Court". The New York Times. p. A22.
  95. ^ Deaver, Michael. "Guide to Federal Records". National Archives. Archived from the original on July 5, 2007. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
  96. ^ "Conviction of Ex-Official Of E.P.A. Is Upheld". The New York Times. UPI. January 19, 1985. Archived from the original on November 7, 2012. Retrieved February 3, 2013.
  97. ^ William Hershey (October 25, 1986). "Ex-postal Service Official Sentenced To 4 Years On Theft And Payoff Counts". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
  98. ^ Waxman, Olivia B. (2018-05-07). "Oliver North Will Be the Next President of the NRA. Here's What to Know About the Arms Deal That Made Him Famous". TIME. Retrieved 2024-08-28.
  99. ^ Janofsky, Michael (October 29, 1998). "Long Inquiry on Abuse in the Housing Department Is Completed". The New York Times. p. A18. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved April 11, 2020.
  100. ^ Marcus, Ruth (December 12, 1989). "Court Refuses to Review Nofziger Case". The Washington Post.
  101. ^ Weber, Bruce (December 14, 2011). "J. Lynn Helms, Who Led the F.A.A., Dies at 86". The New York Times. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  102. ^ Jeff Gerth (July 8, 1988), "Prosecutor Shines New Light on Meese", The New York Times.
  103. ^ Robert L. Jackson; Zack Nauth (February 27, 1985). "Fedders Resigns as SEC Chief of Enforcement, Apologizes to Agency". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  104. ^ Ronald Reagan (February 23, 1981). "Nomination of Emanuel S. Savas To Be Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development". Archived from the original on January 20, 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2015 – via The American Presidency Project.
  105. ^ "Anne Burford, 62; Embattled EPA Chief for President Reagan". Los Angeles Times. July 22, 2004.
  106. ^ "FEMA Chief Resigns Before House Panel Vote". Ocala Star-Banner. Vol. 41, no. 328. July 25, 1985. p. 2A. ISSN 0163-3201. Retrieved September 14, 2019 – via Google News.[permanent dead link]
  107. ^ "Key FEMA Official Accused Of Sexually Harassing Aide". The Washington Post. August 2, 1984. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  108. ^ "Travel, Reimbursements and Perquisites". The Washington Post. April 27, 1986. Archived from the original on September 29, 2015.
  109. ^ "Nomination of Carlos C. Campbell To Be an Assistant Secretary of Commerce | The American Presidency Project". www.presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved August 6, 2023.
  110. ^ "PN900 – Nomination of J. William Petro for Department of Justice, 97th Congress (1981–1982)". U.S. Congress. March 4, 1982. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016.
  111. ^ Pound, Edward T. (April 6, 1982). "U.S. Attorney in San Diego Dismissed". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 8, 2016.
  112. ^ "Resignation of Population Official Ends Expense Account Probe". Associated Press.
  113. ^ "Ex-Commerce Deputy's Claim Questioned". The Washington Post.
  114. ^ "Stockman: Reagan 'Revolution' Was Doomed". Washington Post. April 12, 1986. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  115. ^ Severo, Richard (2003-06-11). "Donald Regan, 84, Financier and Top Reagan Aide, Dies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-08-27.

Further reading