8 of 15 khagans of the Mongol Empire . Mongol Empire and its fragmentation Imperial Seal of the Mongols Imperial Seal of Bogd Khan The following is a list of Mongol rulers .
The list of states is chronological but follows the development of different dynasties.
Mongol Empire (1206–1368)
Great Khans and Yuan dynasty Before Kublai Khan announced the dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271, Khagans (Great Khans) of the Mongol Empire (Ikh Mongol Uls ) already started to use the Chinese title of Emperor (Chinese : 皇帝 ; pinyin : Huángdì Chinese language since Genghis Khan (as 成吉思皇帝 ; 'Genghis Emperor').
With the establishment of the Yuan dynasty in 1271, the Kublaids became Yuan emperors, who took on a dual identity of Khagan for the Mongols and Huangdi for ethnic Han .
Golden Horde Batu Khan (1227–1255)Sartaq (1255–56)Ulaghchi (1257)Berke (1257–1266)Mengu-Timur (1266–1282)Tuda Mengu (1282–1287)Talabuga (1287–1291)Toqta (1291–1312)Uzbeg Khan (1312–1341)Tini Beg (1341–1342)Jani Beg (1342–1357)Berdi Beg (1357–1361)Qulpa (1359–1360)Nawruz Beg (1360–1361)Khidr (1361–1362)Timur Khwaja (1362) Abdallah (1362–1370), actual ruler was Mamai Murad (1362–1367), actual ruler was Mamai Aziz (1367–1369), actual ruler was Mamai Jani Beg II (1369–1370), actual ruler was Mamai Muhammad Bolak (1370–1379), actual ruler was Mamai Tulun Beg Khanum (1370–1373), actual ruler was Mamai Aig Beg (1373–1376), actual ruler was Mamai Arab Shaykh (1376–1379), actual ruler was Mamai Kagan Beg (1375–1376), actual ruler was Mamai Ilbani (1373–1376), actual ruler was Mamai Hajji Cherkes (1375–1376), actual ruler was Mamai Urus Khan (1376–1378), Urus was also Khan of the White Horde and uncle of Toqtamish, allowing the Hordes to unite.Muhammad Bolaq (1375), actual ruler was Mamai Ghiyath-ud-din Khaqan Beg (1375–1377) Toqtaqiya (1377)Arab Shah Muzaffar (1377–1380), actual ruler was Mamai Timur-Malik (1377–1378)Ghiyath-ud-din Khaqan Beg (1375–1377) Tokhtamysh (1380–1395)Temür Qutlugh (1396–1401), actual ruler was Edigu Shadi Beg (1399–1407), actual ruler was Edigu Pulad (1407–1410), actual ruler was Edigu Temür (1410–1412) Jalal ad-Din khan (1411–1412)Feicüs al-Doste (1413–1414) Karimberdi Kebeg Jabbar Berdi (1417–1419)Olugh Mokhammad (1419–1421, 1428–1433)Dawlat Berdi (1419–1421, 1427–1432)Baraq (1422–1427)Seyid Akhmed (1433–1435)Küchük Muhammad (1435–1459)Mahmud (1459–1465)Ahmed (1465–1481)Shayk Ahmad (1481–1498, 1499–1502) Murtada (1498–1499)
Ögedei Khanete
Kaydu Ulus
Yenisei Kingdom
Melig Ayachi Abdullah Tuman Taywan Timürci Arg Temur Hutulugtumor
Actual rulers of the Golden Horde (Jochid Ulus, Kipchak Khanate) were members of the House of Batu until 1361.
Ilkhanate After the murder of Arpa, the regional states established during the disintegration of the Ilkhanate raised their own candidates as claimants.
Claimants from eastern Persia (Khurasan):
Togha Temür (c. 1338–1353) (recognized by the Kartids 1338–1349; by the Jalayirids 1338–1339, 1340–1344; by the Sarbadars 1338–1341, 1344, 1353)Luqman (1353–1388) (son of Togha Temür)
Chagatai Khanate The Chagatai Khanate was split into two parts, the Western Chagatai Khanate and the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan).
Western Chagatai Khanate From 1370 on, the Western Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur.
Moghulistan was split into the Turpan Khanate and Yarkent Khanate in the late 15th century.
.
Turpan Khanate
Yarkent Khanate
Northern Yuan dynasty (1368–1635) Khagans of the Mongols or Northern Yuan dynasty (rump state of Yuan dynasty until 1388):
Genghisid Khalkha Khans (1600s–1691) Independent Khalkha Mongol Khans (before Outer Mongolia merged into the Manchu Qing dynasty):
Tüsheet Khans Abtai Sain Khan (1567–1588)Eriyekhei Mergen Khan (1589–?) Gombodorji Khan (d. 1655) Chakhun Dorji Khan (1654–1698)
Jasagtu Khans Laikhur Khan Subandai Khan Norbu Bisireltü Khan (d. 1661) Chambun Khan (1670?–) Zenggün Shara (d. 1687)
Sechen Khans Sholoi (1627–1652), son of Morbuim, succeeded his brother Khar Zagal in 1627. First with the title of Setsen Khan. Babu (1652–1683), fifth son of Sholoi. Norov (1683–1688), third son of Babu. Navaanneren (1910–1922), eldest son of Tserendondov, who was the son of Orjinjav the son of Artased.
Altan Khan of the Khalkha
Oirats
Four Oirat (1399–1634) Khuuhai Dayuu (c. 1399) Ugetchi Khashikha (Mongolian: Ögöchi Khashikha; Mönkhtömör) Batula Chinsan (Bahamu, Mahamud) (1399–1408) Togoon Tayisi (Toghan) (1408–1438) Esen (1438–1454) Amasanj (1454–1455) Ush-Temür (Ish-Temür) (1455–1469) Khishig Urlugh Arkhan Chingsang
Dzungar Khanate
Khans of Khoshut Khanate
Khotgoid Khanate (late 16th century – late 17th century)
Torghud khans of the Kalmyk Khanate Kho Orluk (d. 1644)Shukhur Daichin (1644–1661) Puntsuk (1661–1669) Ayuka Khan (1669–1724)Tseren Donduk Khan (1724–1735) Donduk Ombo Khan (1735–1741) Donduk Dashi Khan (1741–1761) Ubashi Khan (1762–1771)
Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1924)
See also
References
Citations
Sources Dughlát Muhammad Haidar, Norbert Elias, Edward Denison Ross – The Tarikh-i-rashidi Henry Hoyle Howorth-History of the Mongols Herbert Franke, Denis Twitchett, John King Fairbank -The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368 William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Laurence Lockhart, J. A. Boyle – The Cambridge history of Iran, 5 Konstantin Nikolaevich Maksimov – Kalmykia in Russia's past and present national policies and administrative system Moule, Arthur C. (1957). The Rulers of China, 221 BC – AD 1949 . London: Routledge . OCLC 223359908.
