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8K resolution

Comparison chart
Example 8K footage from the International Space Station (Select "WebM source" from the menu to view.)

8K resolution refers to an image or display resolution with a width of approximately 8,000 pixels. 8K UHD (7680 × 4320) is the highest resolution defined in the Rec. 2020 (UHDTV) standard.[1]

8K display resolution is the successor to 4K resolution. TV manufacturers pushed to make 4K a new standard by 2017. At CES 2012, the first prototype 8K TVs were unveiled by Japanese electronics corporation Sharp.[2] The feasibility of a fast transition to this new standard is questionable in view of the absence of broadcasting resources.[3][4] In 2018, Strategy Analytics predicted that 8K-ready devices will still only account for 3% of UHD TVs by 2023 with global sales of 11 million units a year.[5] However, TV manufacturers remain optimistic as the 4K market grew much faster than expected, with actual sales exceeding projections nearly six-fold in 2016.[6]

In 2013, a transmission network's capability to carry HDTV resolution was limited by internet speeds and relied on satellite broadcast to transmit the high data rates. The demand is expected to drive the adoption of video compression standards and to place significant pressure on physical communication networks in the near future.[7]

As of 2018, few cameras had the capability to shoot video in 8K, NHK being one of the few companies to have created a small broadcasting camera with an 8K image sensor.[8] By 2018, Red Digital Cinema camera company had delivered three 8K cameras in both a Full Frame sensor and Super 35 sensor.[9]

8K standards and technology

The term "8K" is generic and refers to any resolution with a horizontal pixel count of approximately 8,000. Several different 8K resolutions have been standardized by various organizations.

History

Astro Design 8K camera being displayed at the 2013 NAB Show
NHK and Hitachi demonstrating their 8K camera at the 2013 NAB Show

Japan's public broadcaster NHK was the first to start research and development of 4320p resolution in 1995 and the format was first displayed in 2005.[10] The format was standardized by SMPTE in October 2007.[11] The interface was standardized by SMPTE in August 2010 and recommended as the international standard for television by ITU-R in 2012.[12] Followed by public displays at electronics shows and screenings of 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi and public viewings in February 2014 and the FIFA World Cup in Brazil in June 2014 using HEVC with partners AstroDesign and Ikegami Electronics.[13][14][15]

On January 6, 2015, the MHL Consortium announced the release of the superMHL specification which will support 8K resolution at 120 fps, 48-bit video, the Rec. 2020 color space, high dynamic range support, a 32-pin reversible superMHL connector, and power charging of up to 40 watts.[16][17][18]

On March 1, 2016, The Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) unveiled DisplayPort 1.4, a new format that allows the use of 8K resolution (7680 × 4320) at 60 Hz with HDRR and 32 audio channels through USB-C.[19]

On January 4, 2017, the HDMI Forum announced HDMI 2.1 featuring support for 8K video with HDR, which will be "released early in Q2 2017".[20]

8K Association Formed at CES 2019 to Help Develop 8K Ecosystem.[21]

In early February 2020, Samsung Electronics announced during their Unpacked event that their Samsung Galaxy S20 can video record in 8K, which uses 600 MB of storage per minute.[22]

First cameras

On April 6, 2013, Astrodesign Inc. announced the AH-4800, capable of recording 8K resolution.[citation needed]In April 2015, it was announced by Red that their newly unveiled Red Weapon VV is also capable of recording 8K footage.[23]In October 2016, they announced two additional 8K cameras, Red Weapon 8K S35 and Red Epic-W 8K S35.[24] The Red Weapon Dragon VV has been discontinued as of October 7, 2017, when Red unveiled the Red Weapon Monstro VV, their fourth camera capable of shooting 8K, with additional improvements in dynamic range and noise reduction, among other features.[25]

Mobile phone cameras

In May 2019, mobile phone vendors started releasing the first mobile phones with 8K video recording capabilities, such as the ZTE Nubia Red Magic 3 series.[26]

This is enabled by the sufficient resolution of image sensors used in mobile phones, and by the sufficient chipset performance. However, mobile phones with up to 5K (2880p) or 6K (3240p) video cameras have never been released.

Productions

In 2007, the original 65 mm negative of the 1992 film Baraka was re-scanned at 8K with a film scanner built specifically for the job at FotoKem Laboratories, and used to remaster the 2008 Blu-ray release. Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert described the Blu-ray release as "the finest video disc I have ever viewed or ever imagined."[27] A similar 8K scan/4K intermediate digital restoration of Lawrence of Arabia was made for Blu-ray and theatrical re-release during 2012 by Sony Pictures to celebrate the film's 50th anniversary.[28][29] According to Grover Crisp, executive VP of restoration at Sony Pictures, the new 8K scan has such high resolution that when examined, showed a series of fine concentric lines in a pattern "reminiscent of a fingerprint" near the top of the frame. This was caused by the film emulsion melting and cracking in the desert heat during production. Sony had to hire a third party to minimize or eliminate the rippling artifacts in the new restored version.[28]

On May 17, 2013, the Franklin Institute premiered To Space and Back, an 8K×8K, 60 fps, 3D video running approximately 25 minutes. During its first run at the Fels Planetarium it was played at 4K, 60 fps.[30]

In November 2013, NHK screened the experimental-drama short film "The Chorus" at Tokyo Film Festival which was filmed in 8K and 22.2 sound format.[31]

On May 1, 2015, an 8K abstract computer animation was screened at the Filmatic Festival at the University of California, San Diego. The work was created as an assignment in the VIS 40/ICAM 40 Introduction to Computing in the Arts class taught at UCSD by Associate Teaching Professor Brett Stalbaum during the winter quarter of 2015, with each student producing three hundred 8192 × 4800 pixel frames. The work's music soundtrack was composed by Mark Matamoros.[32][33]

On January 6, 2016, director James Gunn stated that the 2017 film Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 would be the first feature film to be shot in 8K, using the Red Weapon 8K VV.[34]

Broadcasting

Japanese public broadcaster NHK began research and development on 8K in 1995, having spent over $1 billion on R&D since then.[10][35] Codenamed Super Hi-Vision (named after its old Hi-Vision analog HDTV system), NHK also was simultaneously working on the development of 22.2 channel surround sound audio. The world's first 8K television was unveiled by Sharp at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in 2012.[36] Experimental transmissions of the resolution were tested with the 2012 Summer Olympics, and at the Cannes Film Festival showcasing Beauties À La Carte, a 27-minute short showcased publicly on a 220" screen, with a three-year roadmap that entails the launch of 8K test broadcasting in 2016, with plans to roll out full 8K services by 2018, and in time for the 2020 Summer Olympics,[37] which were delayed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The specification for an 8K Blu-ray format was also completed by the Blu-ray Disc Association for use in Japan by December 2017.[38] On December 1, 2018, NHK launched BS8K, a broadcast channel transmitting at 8K resolution.[39][40][41]

On February 28, 2020, it was reported that BT Sport would broadcast the UEFA Europa League in 8K HDR10+ as early as August 2020.[42]

Gaming

Sony announced that the PlayStation 5 would support 8K graphics.[43] Microsoft then announced its Xbox Series X with 8K graphic support, released in November 2020.[44] The GeForce RTX 3090, released in September 2020 at an MSRP of $1499,[45] was marketed by Nvidia as the first graphics card capable of 8K 60 fps HDR gaming, recording, and streaming with ShadowPlay on PCs.[46][47] However, only its successor, the GeForce RTX 4090, is often regarded as the first graphics card to achieve playable frame rates at 8K in many modern titles.[48][49]

Editing

Given adequate hardware, 8K video can be edited by all major non-linear video editors such as Avid Media Composer, Adobe Premiere Pro, Lightworks, Vegas Pro, Final Cut Pro X, Edius, DaVinci Resolve, and Kdenlive.[citation needed]

Resolutions

7680 × 4320

This is the resolution of the UHDTV2 format defined in SMPTE ST 2036–1,[50][51] as well as the 8K UHDTV format defined in ITU-R BT.2020.[52] It was also chosen by the DVB project as the resolution for their 8K broadcasting standard, UHD-2.[53] It has 33.2 million total pixels, and is double the linear resolution of 4K UHD (four times as many total pixels), three times the linear resolution of 1440p (nine times as many total pixels), four times the linear resolution of 1080p (16 times as many total pixels), and six times the linear resolution of 720p (36 times as many total pixels).

Devices

TVs

Projectors

Monitors

8K VR Headset

Cameras

Action Cameras

Smartphones with 8K camera

8K VR camera

Fulldome

(apu)

Consoles

See also

References

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External links