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Sitio Histórico Nacional (Estados Unidos)

El sitio histórico nacional marítimo de Salem en Salem, Massachusetts, fue el primer sitio histórico nacional que se estableció en los EE. UU.

Sitio Histórico Nacional ( NHS ) y Parque Histórico Nacional ( NHP ) son designaciones de áreas oficialmente reconocidas de importancia histórica nacional en los Estados Unidos. Por lo general, son propiedad del gobierno federal y están administrados por él. Un NHS generalmente contiene una única característica histórica directamente asociada con su tema, mientras que un NHP es un área que generalmente se extiende más allá de propiedades o edificios individuales para incluir una combinación de estructuras históricas y posteriores y, a veces, características naturales significativas. [1]

En 2024, hay 63 NHP y 85 NHS. La mayoría de los NHP y NHS son administrados por el Servicio de Parques Nacionales (NPS). Algunos sitios designados a nivel federal son propiedad de autoridades locales o de propiedad privada, pero están autorizados a solicitar asistencia del NPS como áreas afiliadas. [2] Una propiedad es administrada por el Servicio Forestal de EE. UU. , Sitio histórico nacional Grey Towers . [3]

A partir del 15 de octubre de 1966, todas las áreas históricas, incluidos los NHP y NHS, en el NPS se incluyen automáticamente en el Registro Nacional de Lugares Históricos (NRHP). También hay alrededor de 90.000 sitios NRHP, la gran mayoría de los cuales no son propiedad ni están administrados por el NPS. De estos, alrededor de 2500 [4] han sido designados con el estatus más alto como sitios de Monumento Histórico Nacional (NHL).

Historia

Después de su fundación en 1916, el Servicio de Parques Nacionales inicialmente supervisó sitios de importancia principalmente escénica y natural, incluidos parques nacionales y monumentos nacionales . Los historiadores pronto comenzaron a recomendar la preservación de sitios relacionados con la historia de la humanidad. [5] El Congreso creó el Monumento Nacional Colonial en 1930 para proteger el asentamiento de Jamestown y el campo de batalla de Yorktown en Virginia como una de las primeras áreas históricas nuevas, y pasó a llamarse parque histórico nacional en 1936. [5] Parque Histórico Nacional Morristown , 1779 –1780 El campamento de invierno del Ejército Continental en Nueva Jersey, se estableció el 2 de marzo de 1933, como su área histórica más grande. El comité de la Cámara de Representantes de Estados Unidos señaló que la nueva designación era lógica para la zona y sentaba un nuevo precedente en comparación con los parques militares nacionales , que entonces estaban en el Departamento de Guerra. El establecimiento del parque permitió al NPS tener un programa histórico administrativo con historiadores profesionales. [6] El presidente Franklin D. Roosevelt reorganizó la agencia para supervisar también monumentos conmemorativos y parques militares con importancia histórica más adelante en 1933, ampliando sustancialmente el mandato del NPS. [7]

En 1935, el Congreso aprobó la Ley de Sitios Históricos ( Pub. L.Información sobre herramientas sobre derecho público (Estados Unidos) 49–666), que estableció que "es una política nacional preservar para uso público sitios, edificios y objetos históricos de importancia nacional para la inspiración y beneficio del pueblo de los Estados Unidos". [8] Esto amplió la Ley de Antigüedades de 1906, que le dio al Presidente la capacidad de ordenar "la protección de objetos de interés histórico y científico". La Ley de Sitios Históricos ordenó al Servicio de Parques Nacionales inspeccionar los sitios históricos que puedan ser de importancia nacional, así como restaurar y adquirir propiedades. La Encuesta de Edificios Históricos Americanos comenzó a documentar el patrimonio arquitectónico del país e identificar edificios para su posible protección. Inicialmente, el Secretario del Interior podía designar sitios históricos nacionales, aunque esto no incluía financiación para adquisiciones o administración sin la acción del Congreso. [7] El Sitio Histórico Nacional Marítimo de Salem fue el primer lugar preservado como sitio histórico nacional, creado por orden secretarial el 17 de marzo de 1938. [9] Siguió la designación del Secretario Harold L. Ickes de Expansión Nacional de Jefferson Memorial en 1935; Muchos sitios históricos del Sistema de Parques Nacionales continúan protegidos bajo diferentes tipos de designaciones. [7] El Sitio Histórico Nacional Hopewell Furnace fue designado más tarde ese año, otro ejemplo de patrimonio industrial.

Cuando el NPS desarrolló criterios para sitios históricos de importancia nacional a fines de la década de 1930, su objetivo era identificar sitios únicos que pudieran contar una historia amplia y que encajaran para cubrir todos los aspectos de la historia estadounidense. Los estudios de sitios se guiaron por temas y cronologías para garantizar una selección diversa y completa de los más representativos de diferentes épocas y geografías, con menos influencia política sobre la selección de sitios. [10] En la década de 1950, el programa Mission 66 revivió los estudios históricos que se habían rezagado durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial y vio la creación del programa de Monumentos Históricos Nacionales como un método para reconocer sitios importantes. Desde la década de 1960 a la de 1990, el NPS evolucionó desde un marco temático, en el que se esperaba que numerosos temas y subtemas específicos de la historia estadounidense se incluyeran de alguna manera en el sistema, [11] a un marco conceptual, en el que tanto los nuevos como los existentes Las unidades de parques se examinarían de manera más integral en busca de formas de estudiar la historia, como "crear instituciones y movimientos sociales", "desarrollar la economía estadounidense" y "poblar lugares". En el siglo XX, las posibles nuevas unidades de parques se han recomendado no tanto por una preservación "ordenada, equilibrada y completa" de "ejemplos sobresalientes", como lo expresó el historiador jefe Ronald Lee, sino por aquellas que el Congreso debe estudiar. la mayoría de cuyas solicitudes son desaconsejadas por el NPS. [10]

Una publicación del NPS de 1973 describió políticas para la administración de áreas históricas, que eran distintas de sus áreas naturales y recreativas. Esto incluía no sólo los NHS y los NHP, sino también los parques militares nacionales, los campos de batalla nacionales, los parques nacionales de campos de batalla, los sitios de campos de batalla nacionales, los monumentos conmemorativos nacionales y algunos monumentos nacionales; en ese momento había 178 áreas de este tipo, y la gestión se centró en "mantener y, cuando sea necesario, restaurar la integridad histórica de las estructuras, sitios y objetos importantes para la conmemoración o ilustración de la historia histórica". [12] Pero debido a que la mayoría de las unidades contenían una combinación de tierras naturales, históricas y recreativas, la Ley de Autoridades Generales de 1970 igualó todas las áreas dentro del Sistema de Parques Nacionales ; [13] Los manuales de políticas separados para cada uno fueron reemplazados en 1975 por uno que adaptaría las políticas en cada parque respectivamente al propósito de las zonas dentro. [7]

Sitios históricos nacionales

Los sitios históricos nacionales generalmente son propiedades administradas y de propiedad federal, aunque algunos siguen siendo propiedad privada o del gobierno local. Actualmente hay 86 NHS, de los cuales 76 son unidades oficiales del NPS, 9 son áreas afiliadas al NPS y uno es administrado por el Servicio Forestal de los Estados Unidos .

Derivado de la Ley de Sitios Históricos de 1935, varios NHS fueron establecidos por los Secretarios del Interior de los Estados Unidos , pero la mayoría han sido autorizados por leyes del Congreso . En 1937, se creó el primer NHS en Salem, Massachusetts , con el fin de preservar e interpretar la historia marítima de Nueva Inglaterra y Estados Unidos.

National Historic Area

There is one National Historic Area in the US park system, a unique designation given to the Aleutian World War II National Historic Area.


International Historic Site

There is one International Historic Site in the US park system, a unique designation given to Saint Croix Island, Maine, on the New Brunswick border. The title, given to the site of the first permanent French settlement in America, recognizes the influence that it has had on both Canada and the United States. The NPS does not distinguish among these designations in terms of their preservation or management policies.

Authorized Historic Sites

The following sites are not yet owned or formally developed by the National Park Service, but are to be eventually owned and established as National Historic Sites.

National Historical Parks

National historical parks tend to be larger and more complex than national historic sites. In the United States, sites are "historic", while parks are "historical". The NPS explains that a site can be intrinsically historic, while a park is a modern legal invention. As such, a park is not itself "historic", but can be called "historical" when it contains historic resources. It is the resources which are historic, not the park.[108] There are 63 national historical parks.

International Historical Park

Klondike Gold Rush International Historical Park was formally established by the United States and Canada in 1998, the year of the centennial of the gold rush the park commemorates. The park comprises Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park in Washington and Alaska, and Chilkoot Trail National Historic Site in British Columbia. It was this trail which so many prospectors took in hopes of making their fortunes in the Klondike River district of Yukon.

See also

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References

  1. ^ "Designations of National Park System Units". National Park Service. Archived from the original on March 18, 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
  2. ^ "National Park Service Affiliated Areas: An Overview". Congressional Research Service. May 19, 2023. Retrieved July 10, 2023.
  3. ^ "Special Initiatives in the Northeastern Area/Grey Towers National Historic Site". 2006-01-18. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
  4. ^ "LIST OF NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS BY STATE" (PDF). nps.gov. National Park Service. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  5. ^ a b Butowsky, Harry A. (1978). "History and Derinitioa of the Names of Historical Units within the National Park Svstsm" (PDF). National Park Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-09-14.
  6. ^ Unrau, Harlan D. (September 1983). "Chapter Five: New Initiatives in the Fields of History, Historic Preservation and Historical Park Development and Interpretation". Administrative History: Expansion of the National Park Service in the 1930s. National Park Service.
  7. ^ a b c d Mackintosh, Barry (2005). The National Parks: Shaping the System. U.S. Department of the Interior. pp. 51–54. ISBN 978-0-912627-73-1. Archived from the original on April 21, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
  8. ^ "Historic Sites Act of 1935". National Park Service. Retrieved 2023-07-08.
  9. ^ "Foundation Document: Salem Maritime National Historic Site" (PDF). National Park Service. September 2019.
  10. ^ a b Sprinkle, John H. (2010). ""An Orderly, Balanced and Comprehensive Panorama ... of American History": Filling Thematic Gaps within the National Park System". The George Wright Forum. 27 (3): 269–279. ISSN 0732-4715. JSTOR 43598163.
  11. ^ "Part One of the National Park System Plan: History" (PDF). National Park Service. 1972. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-09-14.
  12. ^ Administrative Policies for Historical Areas of the National Park System. National Park Service. 1973.
  13. ^ Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 91–383
  14. ^ a b "Listing of Acreage (Summary)" (PDF). NPS Stats. National Park Service. December 31, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 13, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
  15. ^ a b "Saint Croix Island International Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
  16. ^ "Amache National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved January 7, 2024.
  17. ^ "Andersonville National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  18. ^ "Andrew Johnson National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  19. ^ "Bent's Old Fort National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  20. ^ "Blackwell School National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved January 7, 2024.
  21. ^ "Boston African American National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  22. ^ "Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  23. ^ "Carter G. Woodson Home National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  24. ^ "Charles Pinckney". National Park Service. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  25. ^ "Charles Pinckney National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  26. ^ "Chicago Portage National Historic Site". National Park Service. Accessed June 13, 2023.
  27. ^ "Chicago Portage National Historic Site". Forest Preserves of Cook County. Accessed June 13, 2023.
  28. ^ Walsh, John. "Art Photography: FERDINAND REBECHINI (1923-2003, American). Kaskaskia tribe member leads Fr. Jacques Marquette, S.J. and Louis Jolliet through the Chicago Portage, 1673. A Cor-10 steel sculpture (1990) in Lyons, Illinois." Corridors. Accessed June 13, 2023.
  29. ^ "Chimney Rock National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2022-02-24.
  30. ^ "Christiansted National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  31. ^ "Fort Christiansvaern". National Park Service. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  32. ^ "Clara Barton National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  33. ^ "Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  34. ^ "Eisenhower National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  35. ^ "Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  36. ^ "Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  37. ^ "Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  38. ^ "Fallen Timbers Battlefield and Fort Miamis National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  39. ^ "Ford's Theatre National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  40. ^ "Fort Bowie National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  41. ^ "Fort Davis National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  42. ^ "Fort Laramie National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  43. ^ "Fort Larned National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  44. ^ "Fort Point National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  45. ^ "Fort Raleigh National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  46. ^ "Fort Scott National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  47. ^ "Fort Smith National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  48. ^ "Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  49. ^ "Fort Vancouver National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  50. ^ "Frederick Douglass National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  51. ^ "Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  52. ^ "Friendship Hill National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  53. ^ "Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  54. ^ "Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  55. ^ "Grey Towers National Historic Site". U.S. Forest Service. Archived from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  56. ^ "Hampton National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  57. ^ "Harry S. Truman National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  58. ^ "Herbert Hoover National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  59. ^ "Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  60. ^ "Honouliuli National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  61. ^ "Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  62. ^ "Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  63. ^ "James A. Garfield National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  64. ^ "Historic Jamestowne, Part of Colonial National Historical Park, Virginia". National Park Service. Accessed June 20, 2023.
  65. ^ "John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  66. ^ "John Muir National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  67. ^ "Kate Mullany National Historic Site". National Park Service. Accessed June 22, 2023.
  68. ^ "Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  69. ^ "Lincoln Home National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  70. ^ "Guided Tours". National Park Service. Accessed June 17, 2023.
  71. ^ "Little Rock Central High School National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  72. ^ "Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  73. ^ "Lower East Side Tenement National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  74. ^ "Maggie L. Walker National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  75. ^ "Manzanar National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  76. ^ "Martin Van Buren National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  77. ^ "Mary McLeod Bethune Council House National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  78. ^ "Minidoka National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  79. ^ "Minuteman Missile National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  80. ^ Husar, Deborah. "House passes New Philadelphia national park bill". Herald-Whig. Retrieved 2022-12-27.
  81. ^ Husar, Deborah (2022-12-27). "New Philadelphia named unit of the National Park Service". Herald-Whig. Retrieved 2022-12-28.
  82. ^ "Nicodemus National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  83. ^ "Ninety Six National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  84. ^ "Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  85. ^ "President William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  86. ^ "Puʻukoholā Heiau National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  87. ^ "Sagamore Hill National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  88. ^ "Saint Paul's Church National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  89. ^ "Salem Maritime National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  90. ^ "San Juan National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  91. ^ "Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  92. ^ "Saugus Iron Works National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  93. ^ "Springfield Armory National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  94. ^ "Steamtown National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  95. ^ "Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  96. ^ "Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  97. ^ "Thomas Cole National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  98. ^ "Thomas Stone National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  99. ^ "Touro Synagogue National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  100. ^ "Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  101. ^ "Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  102. ^ "Ulysses S. Grant National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  103. ^ "Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  104. ^ "Washita Battlefield National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  105. ^ "Whitman Mission National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  106. ^ "William Howard Taft National Historic Site". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  107. ^ "YAF Saves Ronald Reagan's Boyhood Home". Young America's Foundation. Retrieved 2023-07-10.
  108. ^ U.S. National Park Service, Headquarters Office, Washington, DC. Personal letter.
  109. ^ "Listing of Acreage (Summary)" (PDF). NPS Stats. National Park Service. December 31, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 13, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
  110. ^ "Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  111. ^ "Adams National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  112. ^ "Appomattox Court House National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  113. ^ "Blackstone River Valley National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  114. ^ "Boston National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  115. ^ "Brown v. Board of Education National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  116. ^ "Cane River Creole National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  117. ^ "Cedar Creek and Belle Grove National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  118. ^ "Chaco Culture National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  119. ^ "Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  120. ^ "Colonial National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  121. ^ "Cumberland Gap National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  122. ^ "Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  123. ^ "First State National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  124. ^ "Fort Sumter and Fort Moultrie National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  125. ^ "George Rogers Clark National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  126. ^ "Golden Spike National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  127. ^ "Harpers Ferry National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  128. ^ "Harriet Tubman National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  129. ^ "Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  130. ^ "Homestead National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  131. ^ "Hopewell Culture National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  132. ^ "Independence National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  133. ^ "Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  134. ^ "Jimmy Carter National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  135. ^ "Kalaupapa National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  136. ^ "Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  137. ^ "Keweenaw National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  138. ^ "Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  139. ^ "Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park – Seattle Unit". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  140. ^ "Lewis and Clark National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  141. ^ "Lowell National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  142. ^ "Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  143. ^ "Manhattan Project National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  144. ^ "Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  145. ^ "Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  146. ^ "Minute Man National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  147. ^ "Morristown National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  148. ^ "Natchez National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  149. ^ "New Bedford Whaling National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  150. ^ "New Orleans Jazz National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  151. ^ "Nez Perce National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  152. ^ "Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  153. ^ "Palo Alto Battlefield National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  154. ^ "Paterson Great Falls National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  155. ^ "Pecos National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  156. ^ "Pullman National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
  157. ^ "Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  158. ^ Jennifer Schuessler, President Obama Designates First National Monument Dedicated to Reconstruction, New York Times (January 12, 2017).
  159. ^ "Reconstruction Era National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  160. ^ "Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  161. ^ "Saint-Gaudens National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  162. ^ "Ste. Genevieve National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  163. ^ "Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  164. ^ "San Antonio Missions National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  165. ^ "San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  166. ^ "San Juan Island National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  167. ^ "Saratoga National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  168. ^ "Sitka National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  169. ^ "Thomas Edison National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  170. ^ "Tumacácori National Historical Park". National Park Service. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  171. ^ "Parque Histórico Nacional Valley Forge". Servicio de Parques Nacionales . Consultado el 11 de octubre de 2021 .
  172. ^ "Parque Histórico Nacional Guerra en el Pacífico". Servicio de Parques Nacionales . Consultado el 11 de octubre de 2021 .
  173. ^ "Parque Histórico Nacional Weir Farm". Servicio de Parques Nacionales . Consultado el 11 de octubre de 2021 .
  174. ^ "Parque Histórico Nacional de los Derechos de la Mujer". Servicio de Parques Nacionales . Consultado el 11 de octubre de 2021 .

enlaces externos

Wikivoyage tiene una guía de viaje para áreas históricas nacionales en los Estados Unidos .