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List of prime ministers of Nepal

The position of a prime minister of Nepal (Nepali: नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री, romanized: Nepālko Pradhānmantrī) in modern form was called by different names at different times of Nepalese history. During the reign of the Shah kings, the Mulkajis (Chief Kajis) or Chautariyas served as prime ministers in a council of 4 Chautariyas, 4 Kajis, and sundry officers. These Bharadars (officers) were drawn from high caste and politically influential families such as the Pande, Basnyat, and Thapa families. The nobility of Gorkha was mainly based from Chhetri families and they had a strong presence in civil administration affairs.[1] All prime ministers of Nepal between 1768 and 1950 were Chhetris with the exception of Ranga Nath Poudyal, being a Khas Brahmin.[2] Of the 23 men who have been elected since Nepal attained democracy from the Ranas in 1951, 15 have been Khas Brahmin, 3 Thakuri, 2 Newar Shresthas, 2 Chhetri, and 1 Sanyasi/Dasnami.[3] The executive power allocation was fluctuating between Kajis and Chautariyas.

In 1804, a single authoritative position of Mukhtiyar was created by Rana Bahadur Shah which carried the executive powers of nation.[4] Mukhtiyar held the position of head of the executive until the adoption of the title of Prime Minister in November 1843 by Mathabar Singh Thapa who became Mukhtiyar as well as Prime Minister and the Chief of the Nepalese Army.[5][6] During the Rana dynasty, the position of prime minister was hereditary and the officeholder held additional titles – Maharaja of Lamjang and Kaski, Supreme Commander-in-Chief of Nepal and Grand Master of the Royal Orders of Nepal.

After the 1951 revolution, non-aristocratic citizens like Matrika Prasad Koirala held the position of prime minister still under the authority of the King of Nepal. The first general election was held in 1959 and Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala became the first elected prime minister of Nepal. However, he was deposed and imprisoned in the 1960 coup d'état by King Mahendra who went on to establish an oligarchic authoritative regime, the Panchayat system, and Nepal did not have a democratic government until 1990. After the Jana Andolan movement in 1990, the country became a constitutional monarchy. However, this was interrupted with the 2005 coup d'état by King Gyanendra. After the Loktantra Andolan movement in 2006, the monarchy was abolished on 28 May 2008 by the 1st Constituent Assembly and the country was declared a federal parliamentary republic. The current constitution was adopted on 20 September 2015, and the first prime minister under this new constitution was KP Sharma Oli.

Heads of government of the Kingdom of Nepal (1768–2008)

Before 1800s

Mulkajis and Mukhtiyars during the Shah expansion era (1803–1846)

Prime ministers during the Rana era (1846–1951)

Prime ministers during the Transition era (1951–1960)

Prime ministers during the partyless Panchayat era (1960–1990)

Prime ministers during the Constitutional monarchy (1990–2008)

Prime ministers of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (2008–present)

See also

References

Footnotes

  1. ^ The document dated Bikram Samvat 1833 Bhadra Vadi 3 Roj 6 (i.e. Friday 2 August 1776), shows that both Swaroop Singh Karki and Vamsharaj Pande had carried the title of Dewan (equivalent to Prime Minister).[7]
  2. ^ The document dated Bikram Samvat 1833 Bhadra Vadi 3 Roj 6 (i.e. Friday 2 August 1776), shows that both Swaroop Singh Karki and Vamsharaj Pande had carried the title of Dewan (equivalent to Prime Minister).[7]
  3. ^ Historian Dilli Raman Regmi asserts that Sarbajit was chosen as Mulkaji (Chief Kaji).[8] Historian Rishikesh Shah asserts that Sarbajit was appointed only a Kaji [9] and was the head of the Nepalese government for a short period in 1778.[10]
  4. ^ Daniel Wright mentions him as the Mantri-Nayak (Prime Minister) under the King Rana Bahadur Shah (1777–1799).[11]
  5. ^ Abhiman Singh Basnyat was replaced by Kirtiman Singh Basnyat as Mulkaji[12] after the dismissal of government on maturity of King Rana Bahadur Shah in 1794 AD.[13]
  6. ^ On Shrawan 1842 B.S. (i.e. July 1785), after the death of Regent Queen Rajendra Laxmi, Bahadur Shah assumed the regency and administration on the call of Bharadars.[citation needed] Historian Baburam Acharya referred the reign of Bahadur Shah as "Primeministership" or "Premiership".[14] Prince Bahadur Shah of Nepal was Chief Chautariya (Mul-Chautariya) up to Baisakh 1851 B.S. (i.e. April 1794). The Chief Chautariya carried the functions of a Prime Minister.[15]
  7. ^ Though the position of Mulkaji (Chief Kaji) was bestowed on Kirtiman Singh in 1794, Damodar Pande was the most influential Kaji.[13] and Damodar lead the military forces and the second government to prevent the re-establishment of royal authority of self-renounced King Rana Bahadur Shah in 1799.[16][17]
  8. ^ Bakhtawar Singh Basnyat, brother of assassinated Kirtiman Singh, was then given the post of Mulkaji.[18]
  9. ^ The position of Mukhtiyar was formed and ruled by renounced King Rana Bahadur Shah on the year 1804 A.D.[19]

Notes

  1. ^ Pahari 1995, p. 632.
  2. ^ Raj 1996, p. 5.
  3. ^ Mandal, Monika (2013). Social Inclusion of Ethnic Communities in Contemporary Nepal. Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies (MAKAIS). ISBN 978-93-81904-58-9.
  4. ^ Nepal, Gyanmani (2007). Nepal ko Mahabharat (in Nepali) (3rd ed.). Kathmandu: Sajha. p. 314. ISBN 9789993325857.
  5. ^ Kandel, Devi Prasad (2011). Pre-Rana Administrative System. Chitwan: Siddhababa Offset Press. p. 95.
  6. ^ Regmi 1971, p. 17.
  7. ^ a b D.R. Regmi 1975, p. 272.
  8. ^ D.R. Regmi 1975, p. 285.
  9. ^ Shaha 1990, p. 46.
  10. ^ Shaha 2001, p. 21.
  11. ^ Wright 1877, p. 260.
  12. ^ Karmacharya 2005, p. 56.
  13. ^ a b Pradhan 2012, p. 12.
  14. ^ Regmi 1972, p. 12.
  15. ^ Regmi 1971, p. 12.
  16. ^ Pradhan 2012, p. 13.
  17. ^ Acharya 2012, pp. 28–32.
  18. ^ Acharya 2012, p. 35.
  19. ^ Pradhan 2012, p. 25.
  20. ^ गिरिजाप्रसाद कोईरालाले प्रधानमन्त्री पदबाट राजीनामा स्वीकृत गरेको [Resignation of Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala accepted] (Report) (in Nepali). Nepal Gazette. 21 December 1998.
  21. ^ गिरिजाप्रसाद कोईरालाई प्रधान मन्त्री पदमा नियूक्त गरेको [Girija Prasad Koirala appointed as prime minister] (Report) (in Nepali). Nepal Gazette. 23 December 1998.
  22. ^ a b श्री गिरिजा प्रसाद कोइराला प्रधानमन्त्रीको पदबाट लिखित राजीनामा दिएको वारे [Girila Prasad Koirala submits a resignation letter from the post of prime minister] (Report) (in Nepali). Nepal Gazette. 1 April 2007.
  23. ^ "Maoists join govt after 12-yr war; Koirala to head Nepal cabinet". 1 April 2007. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.
  24. ^ "Pushpa Kamal Dahal Prachanda sworn in as new Nepal PM". Hindustan Times. 4 August 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
  25. ^ "Sher Bahadur Deuba sworns in as Prime Minister". thehimalayantimes.com. 7 June 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
  26. ^ "PM Deuba announces resignation". The Kathmandu Post. 15 February 2018. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
  27. ^ "Newly appointed PM KP Sharma Oli takes oath of office". The Kathmandu Post. 15 February 2018. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
  28. ^ Subedi, Kamal. "PM Oli fails to secure parliament's confidence, what next now?". My Republica. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  29. ^ ONLINE, THT (13 May 2021). "Oli appointed PM as opposition fails to gather numbers". The Himalayan Times. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  30. ^ Livemint (12 July 2021). "Sher Bahadur Deuba to be Nepal's new prime minister orders Supreme Court". mint. Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
  31. ^ "दुई दिनभित्र देउवालाई प्रधानमन्त्री बनाउन परमादेश".
  32. ^ "देउवा प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त, सपथको तयारी". Setopati. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
  33. ^ "यस्तो छ सर्वोच्च अदालतको आदेशको पूर्णपाठ". ratopati.com. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
  34. ^ "Dahal becomes prime minister again, Oli the new kingmaker". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
  35. ^ "Dahal sworn in as prime minister". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
  36. ^ "Prime Minister Dahal loses vote of confidence in House". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  37. ^ "KP Sharma Oli sworn in as prime minister". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 15 July 2024.

Books

External links