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National symbols of England

The national symbols of England are things which are emblematic, representative, or otherwise characteristic of England or English culture. Some are established, official symbols; for example, the Royal Arms of England, which has been codified in heraldry. Other symbols may not have official status, for one reason or another, but are likewise recognised at a national or international level.

Flags

Flora and fauna

Food and drink

Heraldry

Literature

Military

Motor vehicles

Music

Myth and folklore

People

Miscellaneous

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "St. George – England's Patron Saint". Britannia.com. Archived from the original on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2009.
  2. ^ "United Kingdom – History of the Flag". FlagSpot.net. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
  3. ^ Thompson 2001, p. 91.
  4. ^ Fox-Davis 1909, p. 474
  5. ^ a b Fox-Davies 2008, p. 607.
  6. ^ Barnett R.; Yamaguchi N.; Shapiro B.; Sabin R. (2008). "Ancient DNA analysis indicates the first English lions originated from North Africa". Contributions to Zoology. 77 (1): 7–16. doi:10.1163/18759866-07701002. S2CID 7925316.
  7. ^ Garai, Jana (1973). The Book of Symbols. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-21773-9.
  8. ^ a b c d e f "What images are associated with England?". projectbritain.com. Retrieved 22 September 2010.
  9. ^ "UK: Up a tree with the king to be". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 24 April 2009. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  10. ^ "Red roses and white: A brief history of the Tudor Rose". 3 November 2015.
  11. ^ O'Connor, Kaori (2013). The English Breakfast The Biography of a National Meal, with Recipes. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781350042230.
  12. ^ Belton, Howard (2015). A History of the World in Five Menus. AuthorHouse. p. 25. ISBN 978-1481791946.
  13. ^ Gooden, Philip (2005). Faux Pas?: A No-Nonsense Guide to Words and Phrases from Other Languages. A&C Black. p. 186. ISBN 978-0713676495.
  14. ^ Gallagher 2006, p. 19.
  15. ^ "Scotland and the British Empire". History Today. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  16. ^ Jamieson 1998, pp. 14–15
  17. ^ a b Boutell 1859, p. 373: "The three golden lions upon a ground of red have certainly continued to be the royal and national arms of England."
  18. ^ The First Foot Guards. "Coat of Arms of King George III". footguards.tripod.com. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
  19. ^ Briggs167.
  20. ^ Ingle, Sean (18 July 2002). "Why do England have three lions on their shirts?". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
  21. ^ "Queen at Westminster Abbey to mark her coronation". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  22. ^ "National flowers". Number10.gov.uk. 13 January 2003. Archived from the original on 9 September 2008. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
  23. ^ Smith, Jed (3 June 2005). "England's Rose – The Official History". Museum of Rugby, Twickenham. RugbyNetwork.net. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
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  25. ^ "William Shakespeare: English author". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  26. ^ "Charles Dickens: British novelist". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  27. ^ "George Orwell: British author". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  28. ^ "Oliver Cromwell: English statesman". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  29. ^ Sauer, Elizabeth (23 June 2014). Milton, Toleration, and Nationhood. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107041943 – via Google Books.
  30. ^ Manchester, William (2015). The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill: Visions of Glory, 1874-1932. Pan Macmillan. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-4472-7951-8.
  31. ^ "When asked if Nelson was a symbol of British or English identity there was a clear division of opinion, with most saying English" (Watson, Sheila (November 2006). "'England expects': Nelson as a symbol of local and national identity within the Norfolk Nelson Museum". Museum and Society. 4 (3): 129–151. ISSN 1479-8360.).
  32. ^ "Horatio Nelson, Viscount Nelson: British naval commander". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  33. ^ "Nominate England's greatest icon". BBC News. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
  34. ^ "The Birth of Rolls Royce". History Today. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
  35. ^ "Black Cab tops the list of London's transport 'Design Icons'". Transport for London. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
  36. ^ ""The Father of English Musick": William Byrd". The Spectator. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
  37. ^ "£20 Elgar note withdrawal 'a national disgrace'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
  38. ^ "Sir Edward Elgar: English composer". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
  39. ^ "100 Greatest Artists". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
  40. ^ "The Beatles 'add £82m a year to Liverpool economy'". BBC News. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
  41. ^ "Arthur: Legendary king of Britain". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
  42. ^ "Robin Hood: Legendary hero". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
  43. ^ Yorke, B. A. E. (2001), "Alfred, king of Wessex (871-899)", in Michael Lapidge; et al. (eds.), The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England, Blackwell Publishing, pp. 27–28, ISBN 978-0-631-15565-2
  44. ^ "Victoria: Queen of United Kingdom". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
  45. ^ "A history of Royal Jubilees". Historic Royal Palaces. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
  46. ^ "Big Ben is a symbol of the grandness of British achievement". Travel Guard. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  47. ^ "Buckingham Palace: Palace, Westminster, London, United Kingdom". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  48. ^ "Coldstream Guards". Coldstream Guards. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  49. ^ "Morris dancers: Why David Cameron is right to support innocent English folklore". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  50. ^ "White Cliffs of Dover: Why are they so important to the British?". BBC News. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  51. ^ Crabtree, Chloe-Rose (23 April 2019). "Maypoles, Pagan Rites and Civil War: May Day in English History". Culture Trip.
  52. ^ "Quintessential England: activities". 1 November 2019 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  53. ^ "Stonehenge 'brings two British icons together' to celebrate Queen's Platinum Jubilee".
  54. ^ "HMS Stonehenge (P 232)".
  55. ^ "Thousands welcome summer solstice at Stonehenge". BBC News. 21 June 2023. Retrieved 26 August 2023.

Bibliography

External links