List of Hurrian deities

The Hurrian pantheon consisted of gods of varied backgrounds, some of them natively Hurrian, while others adopted from other pantheons,^[1]^[2] for example Eblaite^[3] and Mesopotamian.^[4] Like the other inhabitants of the Ancient Near East, Hurrians regarded their gods as anthropomorphic.^[5] They were usually represented in the form of statues holding the symbols associated with a specific deity.^[6] The Yazılıkaya sanctuary, which was Hittite in origin but served as a center of the practice of Hurrian religion, is considered a valuable source of information about their iconography.^[7]

Hurrians organized their gods into lists known as kaluti^[8] or into similar lexical lists as the Mesopotamians.^[9] The formal structure of the pantheon was most likely based on either Mesopotamian or Syrian theology.^[10]^[4] The status of individual deities^[11] and composition of the pantheon could vary between individual locations, but some can nonetheless be identified as "pan-Hurrian."^[12]

The following list does not include deities only attested in the two Hurrian god lists whose names are transcriptions of Mesopotamian divine names, as it is unlikely that they were actively worshiped.^[13] Identification of the Yazılıkaya reliefs used in the image column follows Piotr Taracha's analysis from the monograph Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia.^[14]

Major deities

Minor or local deities

Primordial beings and mythical antagonists

Deities assumed to have Hurrian origin

References

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^ a b Archi 2002, p. 31.
^ a b Archi 1997, pp. 417–418.
^ a b c d e f Taracha 2009, p. 120.
^ Wilhelm 1989, p. 63.
^ Wilhelm 1989, p. 67.
^ Taracha 2009, p. 93.
^ a b c d Taracha 2009, p. 118.
^ Wilhelm 1989, p. 78.
^ Feliu 2003, p. 300.
^ a b c d e Wilhelm 1989, p. 51.
^ a b c Archi 2013, pp. 7–8.
^ Tugendhaft 2016, p. 177.
^ Taracha 2009, pp. 94–95.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Archi 2013, p. 7.
^ a b c d Wilhelm 1989, p. 50.
^ a b c d e f g h i Archi 2013, p. 8.
^ a b c d e Schwemer 2008, p. 3.
^ a b c Schwemer 2008, p. 4.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Archi 2013, p. 12.
^ Taracha 2009, p. 92.
^ a b c d e f g Trémouille 2011, p. 99.
^ a b c Trémouille 2011, p. 100.
^ Trémouille 2011, p. 102.
^ a b c Archi 2009, p. 214.
^ Trémouille 2011, pp. 100–101.
^ Trémouille 2011, p. 101.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Wilhelm 1989, p. 52.
^ Archi 2013, p. 1.
^ a b c d e f g h i Taracha 2009, p. 127.
^ Archi 2004, p. 319.
^ Feliu 2003, p. 282.
^ a b Schwemer 2008, pp. 5–6.
^ a b c Wilhelm 1997, p. 498.
^ a b c d e f g h i j Archi 2013, p. 9.
^ Schwemer 2008, p. 22.
^ a b Pardee 2002, p. 279.
^ Schwemer 2008, pp. 13–14.
^ Wilhelm 1989, pp. 55–56.
^ a b c d e f g Wilhelm 1989, p. 53.
^ Giorgieri 2011, pp. 614–615.
^ a b c d e f Giorgieri 2011, p. 614.
^ Taracha 2009, p. 89.
^ a b c d e f Wilhelm 1989, p. 57.
^ a b Haas 2015, p. 374.
^ Haas 2015, p. 545.
^ a b Trémouille 2000, p. 126.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Archi 2013, p. 10.
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^ a b Beckman 1999, p. 30.
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^ Taracha 2009, pp. 118–119.
^ Haas 2015, p. 387.
^ Haas 2015, p. 390.
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^ Schwemer 2008, p. 5.
^ Wegner 1980, pp. 82–83.
^ a b Wegner 1980, p. 81.
^ Wegner 1980, p. 82.
^ a b c d e Wilhelm 2013, p. 334.
^ a b c d e Trémouille 2013, p. 374.
^ a b c d Schwemer 2001, p. 410.
^ a b c Wilhelm 2013a, p. 417.
^ Wilhelm 2013a, pp. 417–418.
^ Bachvarova 2013a, p. 173.
^ a b Dijkstra 2014, p. 76.
^ a b Haas 2006, p. 208.
^ a b Trémouille 2013a, p. 476.
^ a b Trémouille 2013a, p. 475.
^ a b Beckman 2002, p. 49.
^ a b Archi 2013, p. 21.
^ a b c d Deiner 1976, p. 40.
^ a b c Trémouille 2014, p. 31.
^ Beckman 1999, p. 37.
^ a b Haas 2015, p. 377.
^ Wiggermann 1998, p. 220.
^ Wiggermann 1998, p. 216.
^ a b Haas 2015, p. 367.
^ a b Wilhelm 2014b, p. 335.
^ a b c d Giorgieri 2014a, p. 439.
^ Michel 2014, p. 440.
^ a b c d e f g h i Wilhelm 2014c, p. 346.
^ a b c d e f Taracha 2009, p. 126.
^ Archi 2013a, p. 11.
^ Lambert 2013, p. 448.
^ Archi 2009, p. 211.
^ a b Beckman 2011, p. 27.
^ Metcalf 2021, p. 155.
^ Bachvarova 2013a, p. 159.
^ Lambert 2013, p. 302.
^ a b Beckman 2011, p. 26.
^ Beckman 2011, p. 28.
^ a b c Wilhelm 2003, p. 395.
^ Schwemer 2001, p. 450.
^ Hoffner 1998, p. 48.
^ a b Wilhelm 2011, p. 399.
^ Hoffner 1998, p. 55.
^ a b Haas 2015, p. 89.
^ Hoffner 1998, p. 56.
^ Feliu 2003, pp. 45–46.
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^ a b Archi 2004, p. 321.
^ a b Polvani 2008, p. 619.
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^ a b Archi 2013, p. 18.
^ a b c Lambert 2007, p. 169.
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^ a b Rahmouni 2008, p. 230.
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