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Lista de ciudades y pueblos despoblados durante la guerra de Palestina de 1947-1949

Durante la guerra de Palestina de 1947-1949 , o la Nakba , alrededor de 400 ciudades y pueblos árabes palestinos fueron despoblados por la fuerza , y la mayoría fue destruida y quedó inhabitable. [1] [2] Hoy en día, todos estos lugares están en Israel ; muchos de los lugares fueron repoblados por inmigrantes judíos , y sus topónimos fueron reemplazados por topónimos hebreos .

Los árabes permanecieron en pequeñas cantidades en algunas de las ciudades ( Haifa , Jaffa y Acre ); y Jerusalén fue dividida entre Jordania e Israel . Alrededor de 30.000 palestinos permanecieron en Jerusalén en lo que se convirtió en la parte árabe de la misma ( Jerusalén Oriental ). Además, unos 30.000 refugiados no judíos se trasladaron a Jerusalén Oriental, mientras que 5.000 refugiados judíos se trasladaron de la Ciudad Vieja a Jerusalén Occidental en el lado israelí. Un número abrumador de residentes árabes que habían vivido en las ciudades que pasaron a formar parte de Israel y fueron renombradas ( Acre , Haifa , Safad , Tiberias , Ashkelon , Beersheba , Jaffa y Beisan ) huyeron o fueron expulsados. La mayoría de los palestinos que permanecen allí son desplazados internos de las aldeas cercanas. [3]

Varias de las ciudades y pueblos fueron destruidos por las fuerzas israelíes después de la guerra de 1948, pero no fue hasta 1965 que la Administración de Tierras de Israel demolió más de 100 lugares restantes, incluidos muchos de los lugares despoblados más grandes . [4]

Hay más de 120 "libros conmemorativos de aldeas" que documentan la historia de las aldeas palestinas despobladas. Estos libros se basan en relatos de los aldeanos. Rochelle A. Davis ha descrito a los autores como personas que buscan "transmitir información sobre sus pueblos y sus valores a las generaciones futuras". [5]

Las ciudades y pueblos que se enumeran a continuación están ordenados según los subdistritos del Mandato Palestino en los que estaban situados.

Mesa

Other villages (not in table above)

Acre Subdistrict

Haifa Subdistrict

Jerusalem Subdistrict

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Benny Morris (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. p. 342. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6. Retrieved 22 May 2013. About 400 villages and towns were depopulated in the course of the war and its immediate aftermath. By mid-1949, the majority of these sites were either completely or partly in ruins and uninhabitable.
  2. ^ Naseer Aruri (20 July 2001). Palestinian Refugees: The Right of Return. Pluto Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-7453-1777-9. Retrieved 22 May 2013. Of the 418 depopulated villages, 293 (70%) were totally destroyed and 90 (22%) were largely destroyed. Seven survived, including 'Ayn Karim (west of Jerusalem), but were taken by Israeli settlers.
  3. ^ Davis, 2011, pp. 237-238
  4. ^ Shai, Aron. “The Fate of Abandoned Arab Villages in Israel, 1965-1969.” History and Memory, vol. 18, no. 2, 2006, pp. 86–106: "In the spring of 1965, the Israel Land Administration (ILA) initiated the demolition (or to quote contemporary records, “leveling”) of more than one hundred of these abandoned Arab villages. For about fifteen years prior to the ILA initiative, some of the abandoned villages had been demolished, with just their mosques or churches left standing, while others still stood deserted. Some of the villages were well preserved, while others bore the ravages of time; some had been settled with Jewish immigrants at the Israeli government’s initiative (figures 1–4). In villages where the houses had collapsed or were on the verge of collapse, the scars of IDF urban warfare exercises could sometimes be seen, and there were signs of looting and vandalism. However, it was only in the spring of 1965 that a clear policy was established to “level” the abandoned villages with the aim of “clearing” the country, to quote the official term used at the time. The operation, which was deliberately planned and executed, unlike its predecessor in the aftermath of the 1948 war, lasted until the few weeks of political and military tension before the June 1967 Six-Day War, and was subsequently continued after the war, and even expanded to include the newly occupied territories... The demolition program affected a large number of villages, including al-Burj, Bir Ma‘in (near present-day Modi‘in), Tall al-Safi, Zakariyya (in the Elah Valley), Abu Shusha and al-Qubab (southeast of Ramle), al-Khayriyya (near Jaffa; the place later became the central garbage tip), and in the north—Lubya (east of Tiberias), Dalaata (near Safed), and the small town of Saffuriyya (now the Tzippori national park)."
  5. ^ Davis, 2011, p. Preface - xvii
  6. ^ a b c d e Abu Sitta 2010, pp. 108–115.
  7. ^ Abu Sitta 2006, pp. 108–115.
  8. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 235
  9. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #75
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Morris, 2004, p. xv
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Khalidi, 1992, pp. 166, 188
  12. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #8.
  13. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 198
  14. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 100
  15. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 97
  16. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 154
  17. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #92
  18. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #91
  19. ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 3
  20. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 2
  21. ^ a b c Dear Prince William, if you have to go, make it count, Robert Cohen, March 10, 2018, Mondoweiss
  22. ^ יישוב למפוני גוש קטיף נבנה על שרידי כפר פלסטיני Haaretz, 21 June 2013
  23. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #144
  24. ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 538
  25. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 253
  26. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #113
  27. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #119
  28. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, pp. 8-9
  29. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #153, in 1949-50.
  30. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #184, in 1949.
  31. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 248
  32. ^ Volynsky and Arbel, 2015, Or Yehuda
  33. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #65, 1949-1950
  34. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 87
  35. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #6
  36. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 92
  37. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 360
  38. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #166
  39. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #50, January 1949.
  40. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 82
  41. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #28
  42. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 277
  43. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 366
  44. ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 13
  45. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #182
  46. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 102
  47. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 565
  48. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #118
  49. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 212
  50. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 533
  51. ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 283
  52. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 108
  53. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 407
  54. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #84
  55. ^ a b c d e f Khalidi, 1992, p. 560
  56. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 379
  57. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 395
  58. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 408
  59. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #85
  60. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 323
  61. ^ a b c d e f g Khalidi, 1992, p. 363
  62. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 455
  63. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 421: part of it occupies the former palatial home of Abu Umar Effendi
  64. ^ Traces of poison, Salman Abu-Sitta, 5 March 2003, Al-Ahram
  65. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #99
  66. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #100
  67. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 387
  68. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 19
  69. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #30
  70. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #9
  71. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #186
  72. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #117
  73. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 200
  74. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 400
  75. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 10
  76. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #47, January 1949
  77. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 403
  78. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 384
  79. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 119
  80. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 129
  81. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 136
  82. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 418
  83. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #106, 1949.
  84. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 193
  85. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 517
  86. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 15
  87. ^ In 1950, according to Khalidi, 1992, p. 114
  88. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #60, 1949.
  89. ^ In 1949, according to Khalidi, 1992, p. 114
  90. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, pp. 404-5
  91. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #76
  92. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 117
  93. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 240
  94. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 226
  95. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 118
  96. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #98
  97. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 399
  98. ^ Jakoel, 2017, Elʽad
  99. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #120
  100. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 30
  101. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #51, established January 1949.
  102. ^ Benvenisti, 2000, p. 319
  103. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 258
  104. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #161, established 1949-50.
  105. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 492
  106. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 510
  107. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #45, January 1949
  108. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 22
  109. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 413
  110. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 116
  111. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 133
  112. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 482
  113. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #154
  114. ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 34
  115. ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 135
  116. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 101
  117. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 185
  118. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #162
  119. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 137
  120. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 486
  121. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #49, established January 1949.
  122. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 491
  123. ^ Established in 1979. Khalidi, 1992, p. 491
  124. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 131
  125. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 558
  126. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 507
  127. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 145
  128. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 103
  129. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 23
  130. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 35
  131. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 26
  132. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #53, January 1949
  133. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 31
  134. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 181
  135. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 553
  136. ^ a b Khalidi, 1991, p. 282
  137. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #160
  138. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 461
  139. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #12
  140. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 347
  141. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 122
  142. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 109
  143. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 441
  144. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #123, established 1949.
  145. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 151
  146. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 189
  147. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 174
  148. ^ Founded in 1951 on village land, to the south of the village. In Khalidi, 1992, p. 128
  149. ^ Founded in 1957 on village land, to the northeast. In Khalidi, 1992, p. 128
  150. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 312
  151. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 488
  152. ^ Morris 2008, p. 78.
  153. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #32
  154. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, village 52
  155. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 28
  156. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 203
  157. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #131. Settlement date uncertain, according to Morris, but possibly 1949 (re-established 1953)
  158. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 446
  159. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 252
  160. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #97, in 1949
  161. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 127
  162. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #33, October 1948.
  163. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 365
  164. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 220
  165. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 275
  166. ^ also known as Masmiya Shalom. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #72, established in 1949
  167. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 126
  168. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 58
  169. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 942
  170. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 370
  171. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 410
  172. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #87, established 1949.
  173. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 357
  174. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #26
  175. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 362
  176. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 120
  177. ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 17
  178. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 529
  179. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #179, 1949
  180. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 199
  181. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 371
  182. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 378
  183. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #23
  184. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 550
  185. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 266
  186. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 57
  187. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 287
  188. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 298
  189. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #11
  190. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 374
  191. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #73
  192. ^ Petersen, 2001, p. 287
  193. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #77
  194. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #130
  195. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 487
  196. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 539
  197. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, pp. 17-18
  198. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 443
  199. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #135, established 1949.
  200. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 471
  201. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 474
  202. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 269
  203. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #121
  204. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 170
  205. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 314
  206. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 47
  207. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 566
  208. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 144
  209. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 364
  210. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #34, October 1948
  211. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 239
  212. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xvii, settlement #159
  213. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 540
  214. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #143
  215. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #4
  216. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 158
  217. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #37
  218. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 299
  219. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 321
  220. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 557
  221. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 64
  222. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 280
  223. ^ Close by, but on land traditionally belonging to Abu Ghosh, according to Khalidi, 1992, p. 290
  224. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 54
  225. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xix, settlement #78, 1949
  226. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 59
  227. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #80, 1949
  228. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #126, 1949
  229. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 452
  230. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 547
  231. ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 398
  232. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #13
  233. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 475
  234. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 6
  235. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 243
  236. ^ Mann, 2006, p. 246
  237. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 91
  238. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 67
  239. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #25
  240. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 63
  241. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 123
  242. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 41
  243. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 561
  244. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 224
  245. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 434
  246. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 494
  247. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 168
  248. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #128
  249. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 157
  250. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #15, July, 1948. Moved to the land of Qannir in 1949.
  251. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 56
  252. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 415
  253. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 311
  254. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #14
  255. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 419
  256. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 74
  257. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 504
  258. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 552
  259. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 284
  260. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 161
  261. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 24
  262. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 435
  263. ^ Khalidi, 1992, pp. 154-155
  264. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 333
  265. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 176
  266. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 191
  267. ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 32
  268. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 567
  269. ^ a b Khalidi. 1992, p. 562
  270. ^ Morris, 2004, pp. 423, 514, 536

References

External links