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Lists of earthquakes

Earthquakes (6.0+ Mw) between 1900 and 2017

Earthquakes are caused by movements within the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle. They range from weak events detectable only by seismometers, to sudden and violent events lasting many minutes which have caused some of the greatest disasters in human history. Below, earthquakes are listed by period, region or country, year, magnitude, cost, fatalities, and number of scientific studies.

Lists by time period

By century

By decade

By year

  • 1900
  • 1901
  • 1902
  • 1903
  • 1904
  • 1905
  • 1906
  • 1907
  • 1908
  • 1909
  • 1910
  • 1911
  • 1912
  • 1913
  • 1914
  • 1915
  • 1916
  • 1917
  • 1918
  • 1919
  • 1920
  • 1921
  • 1922
  • 1923
  • 1924
  • 1925
  • 1926
  • 1927
  • 1928
  • 1929
  • 1930
  • 1931
  • 1932
  • 1933
  • 1934
  • 1935
  • 1936
  • 1937
  • 1938
  • 1939
  • 1940
  • 1941
  • 1942
  • 1943
  • 1944
  • 1945
  • 1946
  • 1947
  • 1948
  • 1949
  • 1950
  • 1951
  • 1952
  • 1953
  • 1954
  • 1955
  • 1956
  • 1957
  • 1958
  • 1959
  • 1960
  • 1961
  • 1962
  • 1963
  • 1964
  • 1965
  • 1966
  • 1967
  • 1968
  • 1969
  • 1970
  • 1971
  • 1972
  • 1973
  • 1974
  • 1975
  • 1976
  • 1977
  • 1978
  • 1979
  • 1980
  • 1981
  • 1982
  • 1983
  • 1984
  • 1985
  • 1986
  • 1987
  • 1988
  • 1989
  • 1990
  • 1991
  • 1992
  • 1993
  • 1994
  • 1995
  • 1996
  • 1997
  • 1998
  • 1999
  • 2000
  • 2001
  • 2002
  • 2003
  • 2004
  • 2005
  • 2006
  • 2007
  • 2008
  • 2009
  • 2010
  • 2011
  • 2012
  • 2013
  • 2014
  • 2015
  • 2016
  • 2017
  • 2018
  • 2019
  • 2020
  • 2021
  • 2022
  • 2023
  • 2024

Lists by location

By country

By region

Deadliest earthquakes

The following is a summary list of earthquakes with over approximately 100,000 deaths.[1] The 893 Ardabil earthquake probably relate to the 893 Dvin earthquake, due to misreading of the Arabic word for Dvin, 'Dabil' as 'Ardabil'.[2] This is regarded as a 'fake earthquake'.[3]

Deadliest earthquakes by year

Largest earthquakes by magnitude

A pie chart comparing the seismic moment release of the three largest earthquakes for the hundred-year period from 1906 to 2005 with that for all earthquakes of magnitudes <6, 6 to 7, 7 to 8, and >8 for the same period. The 2011 Japan quake would be roughly similar to Sumatra.
Earthquakes of magnitude 8.0 and greater from 1900 to 2018. The apparent 3D volumes of the bubbles are linearly proportional to their respective fatalities.[32] The colour indicates the continent, and the legend counts the number of quakes for each. Notice the absence of Africa.

For those which occurred before the development and deployment of seismographs – starting around 1900 – magnitudes are estimated from historical reports of the extent and severity of damage.[33]

Pre-instrumental earthquakes

List by year

List by country/territory

Costliest earthquakes

This is the top ten major earthquakes by the dollar value of property (public and private) losses directly attributable to the earthquake.

Most studied earthquakes

The 50 most studied earthquakes according to the International Seismological Centre (ISC), based on a count of scientific papers (mostly in English) that discuss that earthquake. The "Event #" is linked to the ISC Event Bibliography for that event.

Modified from figure 2, "The most studied events", at the ISC's Overview of the ISC Event Bibliography.

International Seismological Centre. Event Bibliography. Thatcham, United Kingdom. 2018.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths". Earthquake.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on September 1, 2009. Retrieved February 12, 2011.
  2. ^ Ambraseys, N.N.; Melville, C.P. (2005). A History of Persian Earthquakes. Cambridge Earth Science. Cambridge University Press. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-521-02187-6.
  3. ^ Gupta, H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences (2 ed.). Springer. p. 566. ISBN 978-90-481-8701-0.
  4. ^ "Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths". USGS. Archived from the original on June 5, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2012.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  5. ^ Theodore S. Glickman. [1993] (1993). Acts of God and Acts of Man. DIANE Publishing. ISBN 1-56806-371-7
  6. ^ "Death toll of 1920 China earthquake higher than previously estimated". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on August 20, 2013.
  7. ^ Utsu, T. "Search Page". Catalog of Damaging Earthquakes in the World (Through 2008). Retrieved June 3, 2010.
  8. ^ Sbeinati, Mohamed Reda; Darawchech, Ryad; Mouty, Mikhail (June 2005). "The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D." (PDF). Annals of Geophysics. 48 (3): 347–435. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
  9. ^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
  10. ^ a b c "Most Destructive Known Earthquakes on Record in the World". Earthquake.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on September 1, 2009. Retrieved April 22, 2022.
  11. ^ a b Ambraseys, Nicholas N., "The 12th century seismic paroxysm in the Middle East: a historical perspective" (PDF), Annals of Geophysics, Vol. 47, N. 2/3, April/June 2004, p. 743.
  12. ^ a b Grǖnthal G.; Wahlström R. (2009). "A harmonized seismicity data base for the EuroMediterranean region" (PDF). Proceedings of the 27th ECGS Workshop 'Seismicity Patterns in the Euro-Med Region: 15–21.
  13. ^ Haiti Dominates Earthquake Fatalities in 2010 (January 11, 2011), U.S. Geological Survey.
  14. ^ Maura R. O'Connor, [Two Years Later, Haitian Earthquake Death Toll in Dispute], Columbia Journalism Review (January 12, 2012).
  15. ^ Report challenges Haiti earthquake death toll (June 1, 2011), BBC.
  16. ^ "Ruins of the Hongdong Earthquake (1303)". China Virtual Museums. Retrieved November 28, 2015.
  17. ^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
  18. ^ "Today in Earthquake History". usgs.gov.
  19. ^ Hammer, Joshua. (2006). Yokohama Burning: the Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II, p. 278, citing Francis Hawks, (1856). Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan Performed in the Years 1852, 1853 and 1854 under the Command of Commodore M.C. Perry, United States Navy, Washington: A.O.P. Nicholson by order of Congress, 1856; originally published in Senate Executive Documents, No. 34 of 33rd Congress, 2nd Session.
  20. ^ 颤抖的地球—地震科学 Archived 13 November 2023 at the Wayback Machine (2005). Researched by China Earthquake Administration seismologists 冯万鹏,薑文亮,龚丽霞,公茂盛,胡进军; Revised by CEA seismologists 王文清,续春荣,张宝红; Edited by CEA chiefs 谢礼立,张景发. Tsinghua University Press. Pages XIII, 162. "1556年陕西华县8级大地震，死亡的83万人中, 据估计死于瘟疫者不下七八成" [Among the 830,000 died, it is estimated that no less than 70% or 80% died from plagues]
  21. ^ 邬福肇; 曹康泰; 陈章立, eds. (1998). "第三章 地震灾害预防". 中华人民共和国防震减灾法释义. 法律出版社. Archived from the original on August 4, 2023. Retrieved August 4, 2023. １５５６年我国陕西的华县８级大地震，共死亡约８３万人，但实际上其中７０多万人死于其后的瘟疫和饥荒。
  22. ^ 高东旗; 王常有; 杜玉萍; 王晓燕 (2008). "大地震后传染病的防疫要点". 华北国防医药 (3). 1556年陕西发生大地震，当时死亡10万人，而第2年发生大瘟疫，却死亡70多万人 [100,000 died in 1556, while a plague struck the subsequent year and led to a further death of 700,000-odd.]
  23. ^ China Earthquake Administration, ed. (2008). 地震知识百问百答. 地震出版社. Archived from the original on May 9, 2009. 实则直接死于地震的只有十数万人，其余70余万人均死于瘟疫和饥荒 [Actually, direct deaths from earthquake amount to 100,000-odd, the remaining 700,000-odd died from plagues and famine]
  24. ^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
  25. ^ "22 Mayıs 1971 Bingöl Depremi Ms:6.8". AFAD (in Turkish). Retrieved April 5, 2022.
  26. ^ ANSS. "M 6.8 – 32 km E of Uttarkashi, India 1991". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved March 28, 2022. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  27. ^ "Today in Earthquake History". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved March 27, 2022. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  28. ^ ANSS. "M 7.9 – 103 km S of Bengkulu, Indonesia 2000". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  29. ^ ANSS. "M 6.3 - 10 km E of Pundong, Indonesia 2006". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  30. ^ ANSS. "M 7.6 – 30 km WSW of Pariaman, Indonesia 2022". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  31. ^ ANSS. "M 7.8 – 27 km SSE of Muisne, Ecuador 2016". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  32. ^ "Magnitude 8 and Greater Earthquakes Since 1900". usgs.gov. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016.
  33. ^ Johnston, Arch C.; Halchuk, Stephen (June–July 1993), "The seismicity data base for the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program", Annali di Geofisica, 36 (3–4): 133–151, pp. 140, 142 et seq.
  34. ^ ANSS. "M 9.2 - The 1964 Prince William Sound, Alaska Earthquake 1964". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  35. ^ Stein, Seth; Okal, Emile A. (January 1, 2007). "Ultralong Period Seismic Study of the December 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Implications for Regional Tectonics and the Subduction Process". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 97 (1A): S279–S295. Bibcode:2007BuSSA..97S.279S. doi:10.1785/0120050617. ISSN 1943-3573.
  36. ^ Fujii, Yushiro; Satake, Kenji; Watada, Shingo; Ho, Tung-Cheng (December 1, 2021). "Re-examination of Slip Distribution of the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman Earthquake (Mw 9.2) by the Inversion of Tsunami Data Using Green's Functions Corrected for Compressible Seawater Over the Elastic Earth". Pure and Applied Geophysics. 178 (12): 4777–4796. doi:10.1007/s00024-021-02909-6. ISSN 1420-9136.
  37. ^ Romano, F.; Piatanesi, A.; Lorito, S.; D'Agostino, N.; Hirata, K.; Atzori, S.; Yamazaki, Y.; Cocco, M. (April 27, 2012). "Clues from joint inversion of tsunami and geodetic data of the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake". Scientific Reports. 2 (1): 385. Bibcode:2012NatSR...2E.385R. doi:10.1038/srep00385. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 3338116. PMID 22545193.
  38. ^ Wang, Zhen; Kato, Teruyuki; Zhou, Xin; Fukuda, Jun’ichi (November 28, 2016). "Source process with heterogeneous rupture velocity for the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake based on 1-Hz GPS data". Earth, Planets and Space. 68 (1): 193. Bibcode:2016EP&S...68..193W. doi:10.1186/s40623-016-0572-4. ISSN 1880-5981.
  39. ^ ANSS. "M 8.6 - 1950 Assam-Tibet Earthquake 1950". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  40. ^ Carvajal, M.; Cisternas, M.; Catalán, P.A. (2017). "Source of the 1730 Chilean earthquake from historical records: Implications for the future tsunami hazard on the coast of Metropolitan Chile". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 122 (5): 3648–3660. Bibcode:2017JGRB..122.3648C. doi:10.1002/2017JB014063. S2CID 133806784.
  41. ^ a b Jin Junfang; Yin Shuyan; Yan Junping (2014). "Symmetry and tendency judgment of Ms ≥ 8.0 strong earthquakes in Chile". Geodesy and Geodynamics. 5 (1): 34–40. Bibcode:2014G&G.....5...34J. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1246.2014.01034.
  42. ^ "M 9.3Re-evaluation of Mw of the 1707 Hoei earthquake – near the east coast of Honshu, Japan" (PDF). AIST.
  43. ^ H. Ringer; J. P. Whitehead; J. Krometis; R. A. Harris; N. Glatt-Holtz; S. Giddens; C. Ashcraft; G. Carver; A. Robertson; M. Harward; J. Fullwood; K. Lightheart; R. Hilton; A. Avery; C. Kesler; M. Morrise; M. H. Klein (2021). "Methodological Reconstruction of Historical Seismic Events From Anecdotal Accounts of Destructive Tsunamis: A Case Study for the Great 1852 Banda Arc Mega-Thrust Earthquake and Tsunami" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 126 (4). arXiv:2009.14272. Bibcode:2021JGRB..12621107R. doi:10.1029/2020JB021107. S2CID 222066748. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 9, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  44. ^ "Significant Earthquake Information CHINA: SHANDONG PROVINCE". NGCD. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  45. ^ NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "Significant Earthquake Information PORTUGAL: LISBON". ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
  46. ^ Hough S.E. (2013). "Missing great earthquakes". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 118 (3): 1098–1108. Bibcode:2013JGRB..118.1098H. doi:10.1002/jgrb.50083. S2CID 128458643.
  47. ^ ANSS. "M 7.8 – southern Qinghai, China 1937". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  48. ^ ANSS. "M 8.1 – 68 km SSW of Gorontalo, Indonesia 1939". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  49. ^ ANSS. "M 7.6 – 138 km SW of Insrom, Indonesia 1947". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  50. ^ ANSS. "M 7.9 – off the east coast of Honshu, Japan 1953". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  51. ^ ANSS. "M 7.8 – Strait of Gibraltar 1954". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  52. ^ ANSS. "M 7.5 – Kermadec Islands region 1955". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  53. ^ ANSS. "M 7.6 – Peru-Brazil border region 1961". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  54. ^ ANSS. "M 7.5 – Fiji region 1962". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  55. ^ ANSS. "M 8.2 – Kuril Islands 1969". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  56. ^ ANSS. "M 8.0 – Mindanao, Philippines 1972". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  57. ^ ANSS. "M 7.9 – 199 km S of Lata, Solomon Islands 1980". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  58. ^ ANSS. "M 7.6 - off the west coast of the South Island of New Zealand 1981". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  59. ^ ANSS. "M 7.6 – 157 km ESE of Kokopo, Papua New Guinea 1983". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  60. ^ ANSS. "M 7.6 – 85 km SE of Honiara, Solomon Islands 1984". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  61. ^ ANSS. "M 8.0 – 85 km SSW of Atka, Alaska 1986". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  62. ^ ANSS. "M 7.9 – 200km WSW of Yakutat, Alaska 1987". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  63. ^ ANSS. "M 7.8 - Gulf of Alaska 1988". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  64. ^ ANSS. "M 8.0, Macquarie Island region 1989". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  65. ^ ANSS. "1997 M 7.8 - 156 km S of Ust'-Kamchatsk Staryy, Russia". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  66. ^ ANSS. "M 7.8 – 71 km SSW of Jurm, Afghanistan 1909". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  67. ^ ANSS. "M 6.7 - 7 km WNW of Lukovo, North Macedonia 1967". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  68. ^ ANSS. "M 6.4 – 188 km SW of Vailoatai, American Samoa 1944". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  69. ^ ANSS. "M 6.0 – 67 km N of Sumbe, Angola 1914". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  70. ^ ANSS. "M 6.3 – 121 km NNW of The Valley, Anguilla 1906". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  71. ^ National Geophysical Data Center (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
  72. ^ ANSS. "M 8.0 - Macquarie Island region 1989". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  73. ^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 171 km NNE of Greenland, Barbados 2014". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  74. ^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 128 km NE of Bathsheba, Barbados 2015". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  75. ^ ANSS. "M 4.7 – 55 km ESE of Dangriga, Belize 1985". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  76. ^ ANSS. "M 4.4 – 13 km NNE of Abomey-Calavi, Benin 2009". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  77. ^ Simon, RE; Kwadiba, MTO; King, JG; Moidaki, M (2012). "A History of Botswana's Seismic Network". Botswana Notes and Records. 44: 184–192. JSTOR 43855570.
  78. ^ ANSS. "M 7.6 - 132 km SW of Tarauacá, Brazil 1963". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  79. ^ ANSS. "M 5.2 – 68 km N of Tutong, Brunei 1992". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  80. ^ ANSS. "M 5.4 – 20 km S of Gitega, Burundi 1966". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  81. ^ ANSS. "M 5.9 – 93 km NW of Ouésso, Republic of the Congo 1945". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  82. ^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 267 km NNW of Ponta do Sol, Cabo Verde 1941". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  83. ^ ANSS. "M 5.2 – 64 km N of Coro, Venezuela 2017". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  84. ^ ANSS. "M 4.9 - 55 km N of Zemio, Central African Republic 1994". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  85. ^ ANSS. "M 7.9 – South Indian Ocean 2000". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  86. ^ ANSS. "M 6.2 – 1 km NNE of Vanadjou, Comoros 1918". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  87. ^ ANSS. "M 5.2 – 116 km SW of Impfondo, Republic of the Congo 1998". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  88. ^ ANSS. "M 7.1 – 84 km SW of Niquero, Cuba 1917". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  89. ^ ANSS. "M 4.8 – 0 km NW of Skalná, Czechia 1985". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  90. ^ ANSS. "M 6.9 – 39 km WSW of Karema, Tanzania 1910". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  91. ^ ANSS. "M 4.4 - 47 km WNW of Thyborøn, Denmark 2010". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  92. ^ ANSS. "M 6.5 - 12 km ENE of Gâlâfi, Djibouti 1989". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  93. ^ ANSS. "M 6.4 – 18 km SSE of Berekua, Dominica iscgem881160". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  94. ^ ANSS. "M 7.2 – 58 km ENE of Lospalos, Timor Leste 1905". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  95. ^ White, R. A.; Ligorria, J. P.; Cifuentes, I. L. (2004). "Seismic history of the Middle America subduction zone along El Salvador, Guatemala, and Chiapas, Mexico: 1526–2000". Natural Hazards in El Salvador. Geological Society of America. p. 394. ISBN 978-0-8137-2375-4.
  96. ^ ANSS. "M 4.9 - 8 km NNW of Malabo, Equatorial Guinea 1999". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  97. ^ ANSS. "M 6.6 – 144 km NE of Massawa, Eritrea 1977". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  98. ^ ANSS. "M 4.4 – 16 km ENE of Sidvokodvo, Eswatini 1987". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  99. ^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 8 km E of Goba, Ethiopia 1906". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  100. ^ "Largest earthquake in Finland". Sodankylän Geofysiikan Observatorio, Oulun Toimintayksikkö (University of Oulu). Archived from the original on May 28, 2006. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
  101. ^ Marcelo Assumpção, Alberto V. Veloso (2020). "The 1885 M 6.9 Earthquake in the French Guiana–Brazil Border: The Largest Midplate Event in the Nineteenth Century in South America". Seismological Research Letters. 91 (5): 2497–2510. Bibcode:2020SeiRL..91.2497A. doi:10.1785/0220190325. S2CID 219502957.
  102. ^ ANSS. "M 5.6 – South Pacific Ocean 1965". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  103. ^ ANSS. "M 6.2 - 64 km NNE of Lastoursville, Gabon 1974". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  104. ^ ANSS. "M 6.4 – 8 km ENE of Swedru, Ghana 1939". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  105. ^ "NCEI Significant Earthquake Information". ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved January 11, 2022.
  106. ^ ANSS. "M 5.5 – 82 km SSE of Lethem, Guyana 2021". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  107. ^ ANSS. "M 3.8 – 14 km SW of Tai O, Hong Kong 2020". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  108. ^ ANSS. "M 7.0 – 79 km N of Norðurþing, Iceland 1910". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  109. ^ Onur, T.; Gok, R.; Abdulnaby, W.; Mahdi, H.; Numan, N.M.; Al-Shukri, H.; Shakir, A.; Chlaib, H.; Ameen, T.H.; Abd, N. (2016). "A Comprehensive Earthquake Catalogue for Iraq in Terms of Moment Magnitude". Seismological Research Letters. 88 (3): 798–811. doi:10.1785/0220160078. OSTI 1466119.
  110. ^ ANSS. "M 4.0 - 60 km W of Belmullet, Ireland 2012". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  111. ^ ANSS. "M 5.4 – 18 km E of Saint Helier, Jersey 1926". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  112. ^ ANSS. "M 6.7 – 33 km WNW of Nyahururu, Kenya 1928". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  113. ^ ANSS. "M 5.9 – Gilbert Islands, Kiribati region 1982". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  114. ^ "Të gjitha tërmetet që kanë ndodhur në territorin e Kosovës" [All earthquakes that have occurred in the territory of Kosovo] (in Albanian). September 24, 2019.
  115. ^ ANSS. "M 4.7 – 44 km S of Al Jahra, Kuwait 1993". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  116. ^ ANSS. "M 4.7 – 38 km NW of Al Wafrah, Kuwait 2020". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  117. ^ ANSS. "M 6.7 – 41 km S of Luang Namtha, Laos 1925". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  118. ^ ANSS. "M 4.5 – 16 km SW of Tubmanburg, Liberia 1995". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  119. ^ ANSS. "M 6.8 – near the coast of Libya 1935". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  120. ^ ANSS. "M 3.6 – 1 km SSW of Balzers, Liechtenstein 2013". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  121. ^ ANSS. "M 2.9 – 2 km E of Wilwerwiltz, Luxembourg 1986". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  122. ^ ANSS. "M 6.2 – 283 km WSW of Anakao, Madagascar 1919". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  123. ^ ANSS. "M 6.6 – 26 km NNW of Lahad Datu, Malaysia 1923". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  124. ^ ANSS. "M 7.4 – 212 km E of Fuvahmulah, Maldives 1944". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  125. ^ ANSS. "M 4.2 – 75 km NW of Kolokani, Mali 1999". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  126. ^ ANSS. "M 5.5 – 109 km SE of Birżebbuġa, Malta 2023". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  127. ^ ANSS. "M 5.6 – Marshall Islands region 1982". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  128. ^ ANSS. "M 4.6 – Mauritania 1993". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  129. ^ ANSS. "M 4.6 – 76 km E of Zouerate, Mauritania 2012". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  130. ^ ANSS. "M 6.1 – 279 km NE of Port Mathurin, Mauritius 1976". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  131. ^ ANSS. "M 5.9 – 32 km E of Pamandzi, Mayotte 2018". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  132. ^ ANSS. "M 7.8 – State of Yap, Federated States of Micronesia 1911". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
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