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Señales de tráfico en Estados Unidos

11ª edición del MUTCD, publicada en diciembre de 2023

En los Estados Unidos , las señales de tránsito están, en su mayor parte, estandarizadas por regulaciones federales, más notablemente en el Manual de Dispositivos Uniformes de Control de Tránsito (MUTCD) y su volumen complementario, Señales de Carretera Estándar (SHS).

Adopción y cumplimiento

Mapa que muestra la adopción estatal de la edición 2009 del Manual sobre dispositivos uniformes de control del tráfico :
  Se adoptó el MUTCD nacional
  Se adoptó el MUTCD nacional con suplemento estatal
  MUTCD adoptado específico para cada estado

La undécima edición del MUTCD se publicó el 19 de diciembre de 2023. [1] La fecha de entrada en vigor, 30 días después de la publicación, del MUTCD fue el 18 de enero de 2024. Los estados tienen dos años después de la fecha de entrada en vigor para realizar una de las siguientes opciones: adoptar el MUTCD revisado, adoptar el MUTCD revisado con un suplemento estatal o adoptar un MUTCD específico para cada estado. [2]

Dieciocho estados utilizan el manual sin modificaciones; 22 estados, el Distrito de Columbia y Puerto Rico lo han adoptado junto con un volumen complementario; y diez estados tienen una versión estatal en conformidad sustancial con el MUTCD. [3] El MUTCD y el SHS establecen siete categorías de señales para uso en carreteras y autopistas, de la siguiente manera: [4] (La lista no cubre todas las situaciones; la señalización es del MUTCD nacional a menos que se especifique):

Señales reglamentarias

Las señales reglamentarias dan instrucciones a los conductores, peatones y ciclistas. Las señales que incluyen las de Pare, Ceda el paso, No gire, No pase camiones, No estacione, No se detenga, Velocidad mínima, Solo giro a la derecha, No ingrese, Límite de peso y Límite de velocidad se consideran señales reglamentarias. Algunas tienen formas especiales, como el octágono para la señal de Pare y la cruz para los cruces de ferrocarril. Algunas señales se pueden localizar, como la de No estacionar, y otras se encuentran solo en jurisdicciones estatales y locales, ya que se basan en leyes estatales o locales, como las señales de "No bloquee la caja" de la ciudad de Nueva York. Estas señales se encuentran en la serie R de señales en el MUTCD y, por lo general, en la serie R en la mayoría de los suplementos estatales o MUTCD estatales.

Serie R1: Detenerse y ceder el paso

La serie R1 del MUTCD es para las situaciones de parada y ceda el paso. Como no se contemplan todas las situaciones, varios estados tienen sus propios estándares además del MUTCD. Las placas de 4 y 3 VÍAS (R1-3) se descontinuaron en la edición de 2009 del MUTCD y se reemplazaron por la placa de TODAS LAS VÍAS (R1-3P).

Serie R2: Límite de velocidad

La serie R2 del MUTCD es para señales de límite de velocidad . Algunos suplementos estatales y MUTCD estatales colocan varias señales de límite de velocidad en otras series. Como no se cubren todas las situaciones, varios estados tienen sus propios estándares además del MUTCD. Los límites de velocidad en los Estados Unidos siempre se expresan en millas por hora . Las señales de límite de velocidad métricas en kilómetros por hora solían estar autorizadas, pero eran extremadamente raras; generalmente se veían cerca de las fronteras con Canadá y México , que utilizan el sistema métrico . [5] Se han descontinuado a partir de 2012. Sin embargo, muchos estados no permiten el uso de señales métricas en carreteras mantenidas por el estado debido a las restricciones del MUTCD, [6] lo que aumenta la rareza de dichas señales.

Serie R3: Uso de carriles y giros

La serie de señales R3 del MUTCD se utiliza para el uso de carriles y las señales de giro. Como no se contemplan todas las situaciones, varios estados tienen sus propias normas además del MUTCD.

Serie R4: Regulación del movimiento

La serie de señales R4 del MUTCD se utiliza para regular las señales de movimiento. Como no se contemplan todas las situaciones, varios estados tienen sus propias normas además del MUTCD.

Serie R5: Exclusiva

La serie R5 de señales del MUTCD es para señales de exclusión. Como no se contemplan todas las situaciones, varios estados tienen sus propias normas además de las del MUTCD. La más común de estas señales es la señal de no entrar.

Serie R6: Autopista de un solo sentido y de dos sentidos

La serie de señales R6 del MUTCD es para señales de vía única y de vía dividida. Como no se contemplan todas las situaciones, varios estados tienen sus propias normas además de las del MUTCD. La más común de estas señales es la señal de vía única.

Serie R7: Estacionamiento

El MUTCD permite tres tipos de señales de estacionamiento: permisivas, de prohibido estacionar y de prohibido detenerse. Sin embargo, en la mayoría de los estados, hay una más restrictiva, de prohibido detenerse. Estas señales se encuentran en la serie de señales R7 del MUTCD. Como no se cubren todas las situaciones, varios estados y gobiernos locales tienen sus propias normas además del MUTCD. Las señales de estacionamiento permisivo permiten estacionar por un tiempo ilimitado o variable. A menudo se utilizan junto con parquímetros y permisos de estacionamiento. El MUTCD especifica que sean de color verde sobre blanco. Existen variaciones locales con información adicional y diseños ligeramente diferentes. Las señales de prohibido estacionar indican que se permite cargar o descargar mientras se está detenido temporalmente, pero el conductor no debe abandonar las inmediaciones del vehículo. [7] Algunas señales de prohibido estacionar muestran restricciones de tiempo, mientras que otras son restricciones permanentes. También existen versiones temporales de las señales, a menudo de diseño similar a las permanentes. El MUTCD especifica que estas señales sean de color rojo sobre blanco, aunque existen variaciones locales. Las señales de Prohibido estacionar indican que está permitido detenerse temporalmente para cargar o descargar pasajeros, pero los vehículos no pueden detenerse en el lugar por períodos más largos, incluso si el conductor permanece en el vehículo. [7] Al igual que con las señales de prohibido estacionar, algunas restricciones que se muestran en las señales son permanentes y algunas están basadas en el tiempo.

Serie R8: Restricciones de estacionamiento y emergencia

La serie de señales R8 del MUTCD se utiliza para restringir el estacionamiento y las señales de restricción de emergencia. Como no se contemplan todas las situaciones, varios estados tienen sus propias normas además del MUTCD.

Serie R9: Bicicletas y peatones

La serie de señales R9 del MUTCD está destinada a señales para ciclistas y peatones. Como no se contemplan todas las situaciones, varios estados tienen sus propias normas además del MUTCD.

Serie R10: Señal de tráfico

La serie de señales R10 del MUTCD está destinada a las señales relacionadas con las señales de tránsito. Como no se contemplan todas las situaciones, varios estados tienen sus propias normas además del MUTCD.

R11 series: Road closed

The MUTCD's R11 series of signs is for road closure-related signs. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

R12 series: Weight limits

The MUTCD's R12 series of signs is for weight limit-related signs. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

R13 series: Weigh stations

The MUTCD's R13 series of signs is for weigh station related signs. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

R14 series: Truck routes

The MUTCD's R14 series of signs is for truck route-related signs. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

R15 series: Rail and light rail

The MUTCD's R15 series of signs is for rail- and light rail-related signs. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

R16 series: Seat belts and headlight use

The MUTCD's R16 series of signs is for seat belt and headlight use-related signs. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

Warning signs

Warning signs are found in the W series of the national MUTCD. They highlight existing conditions, such as a curve, school, dead end street, or traffic signal. They can also warn of possible danger such as bumps, bicycles, low flying aircraft, or emergency vehicles. They are either yellow or fluorescent yellow in color and, with a few exceptions, are usually diamond-shaped and sometimes have square or rectangular smaller signs or plaques associated with them. Most W series signs can also be found with orange backgrounds for temporary use in situations such as construction zones. Some of the temporary-use signs are for use only in temporary situations.

W1 series: Horizontal alignment

The MUTCD's W1 series of signs is for warning signs relating to horizontal alignment. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W2 series: Intersections

The MUTCD's W2 series of signs is for warning signs relating to intersections. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W3 series: Advance traffic control

The MUTCD's W3 series of signs is for warning signs relating to advance traffic controls. The MUTCD provides options for graphic and text signs. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W4 series: Lanes and merges

The MUTCD's W4 series of signs is for warning signs relating to lane merges and added lanes, as well as lane endings. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W5 series: Road width restrictions

The MUTCD's W5 series of signs is for warning signs relating to road width restrictions. The MUTCD provides options for graphic and text signs. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W6 series: Divided highway

The MUTCD's W6 series of signs is for warning signs relating to divided highways. The MUTCD provides options for graphic and text signs. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W7 series: Hills

The MUTCD's W7 series of signs is for warning signs relating to hills. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W8 series: Pavement and roadway conditions

The MUTCD's W8 series of signs is for warning signs relating to pavement and roadway conditions. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W9 series: Lane transitions

The MUTCD's W9 series of signs is for warning signs relating to lane transitions. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W10 series: Railroad crossings

The MUTCD's W10 series of signs is for warning signs relating to railroad crossings. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W11 series: Advance warnings

The MUTCD's W11 series of signs is for warning signs relating to advance warnings. The MUTCD allows use of a fluorescent yellow-green background color for signs relating to non-motorized vehicles crossing the road.[8] As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W12 series: Low Clearance Warnings

The MUTCD's W12 series of signs is for warning signs relating to low clearance. Metric low bridge signs in meters used to be authorized but extremely rare, usually seen near the borders with Canada and Mexico, both of which use the metric system.[5] They have been discontinued as of 2012. Many states, however, disallowed the use of metric signs on state-maintained roads due to system restrictions, increasing the rarity of such signs. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W13 series: Advisory speeds

The MUTCD's W13 series of signs is for warning signs relating to advisory speeds. Speed limits in the United States are always in miles per hour. Metric advisory speed signs in kilometers per hour used to be authorized but extremely rare, usually seen near the borders with Canada and Mexico, both of which use the metric system.[5] They have been discontinued as of 2012. Many states, however, disallowed the use of metric signs on state-maintained roads due to system restrictions, increasing the rarity of such signs. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W14 series: Dead end streets and no passing zones

The MUTCD's W14 series of signs is for warning signs relating to dead-end streets and no-passing zones. As all situations are not covered, several states and local governments have additional signs for other types of situations not covered by the MUTCD. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W15 series: Playgrounds

The MUTCD's W15 series of signs is for warning signs relating to playgrounds. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W16 series: Supplemental plaques

The MUTCD's W16 series of signs is for supplemental plaques for warning signs. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W17 series: Speed humps

The MUTCD's W17 series of signs is for warnings relating to speed humps. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W18 series: No traffic signs

The MUTCD's W18 series of signs is for warnings relating to no further traffic signs. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W19 series: Freeway or expressway end signs

The MUTCD's W19 series of signs is for warning signs relating to the end of a freeway or expressway. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W20 series: Work zones

The MUTCD's W20 series of signs is for warning signs relating to work zones. These signs are typically orange background ones used for temporary situations. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W21 series: Road work

The MUTCD's W21 series of signs is for warning signs relating to road work. They typically have orange backgrounds and are used for temporary situations. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W22 series: Blasting zones

The MUTCD's W22 series of signs is for warning signs relating to blasting zones. They typically have orange backgrounds and are used for temporary situations. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W23 series: Slow traffic

The MUTCD's W23 series of signs is for warning signs relating to slow traffic. They typically have orange backgrounds and are used for temporary situations. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W24 series: Lane shifts

The MUTCD's W24 series of signs is for warning signs relating to lane shifts, where traffic is diverted slightly toward the left or right of the roadway, but the route is otherwise unchanged. These signs typically have orange background and are used for temporary situations. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W25 series: Oncoming traffic has extended green

The MUTCD's W25 series of signs is for signs warning that oncoming traffic has an extended green signal at a traffic light. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.

W26 series: Watch for stopped traffic

Guide signs

Guide signs include highway route markers (shields), which are reassurance markers, interchange signs, including advance guide and exit signs, and mile markers. Advance guide and exit signs usually feature control cities or other locations to help direct drivers toward their destinations. The position of the exit number plaque indicates right or left exit[9] (and should indicate center lane exit).

Interchange signs


Toll signs

Chapter 2F of the MUTCD deals with signs relating to tolls.

Motorist services

General information

School zone signs

The S series of signs are specially designated by the MUTCD for use around schools. Some states have additional school warning-related signs in the S series, the W series of warning signs, and/or the R series of regulatory signs of the state supplement or state MUTCD. The adoption of the 2009 MUTCD required school warning signs to have fluorescent yellow-green backgrounds.[10]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d The legend STATE LAW is optional.
  2. ^ a b c d e f A fluorescent yellow-green background color may be used instead of yellow for this sign.
  3. ^ According to the 11th edition of MUTCD, STREET CLOSED (R11-2a), BRIDGE OUT (R11-2b), or PATH CLOSED (R11-2c) signs may be substituted for Road Closed signs where applicable.
  4. ^ a b c d e A fluorescent yellow-green background color may be used for this sign.[8]
  5. ^ a b c d e f The background color (yellow, fluorescent yellow-green or orange) shall match the color of the warning sign that it supplements.

References

  1. ^ "FHWA Releases New Traffic Control Device Manual with Updates to Improve Safety for Pedestrians, Bicyclists, and All Road Users" (Press release). U.S. Department of Transportation. December 19, 2023. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
  2. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions - General Questions on the MUTCD". MUTCD. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
  3. ^ "MUTCDs & Traffic Control Devices Information by State". Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Federal Highway Administration. July 14, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  4. ^ Staff. "The Shape—and Color—Give Us a Sign". Federal Highway Administration. Archived from the original on April 1, 2009. Retrieved April 5, 2009.
  5. ^ a b c "Metric signs in the US". US Metric Association. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
  6. ^ "23 CFR Part 655 National Standards for Traffic Control Devices; the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways; Revision; Final Rule" (PDF). Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  7. ^ a b Staff (October 2011). "Chapter 7: Parallel Parking". Driver's Manual and Study Guide. New York State Department of Motor Vehicles. Retrieved March 16, 2012.
  8. ^ a b "2009 Edition Part 2 Figure 2C-11. Non-Vehicular Warning Signs". Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. United States Department of Transportation. Retrieved June 6, 2012.
  9. ^ "MUTCD, Section 2E.28 - Interchange Exit Numbering" (PDF).
  10. ^ "2009 Edition Chapter 7B. School Signs". Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. United States Department of Transportation. Retrieved June 6, 2012.

External links