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Elecciones a la Cámara de Representantes de Estados Unidos de 2024

Las elecciones a la Cámara de Representantes de los Estados Unidos de 2024 se celebrarán el 5 de noviembre de 2024, como parte de las elecciones de los Estados Unidos de 2024 , para elegir a los representantes de los 435 distritos del Congreso en cada uno de los 50 estados de EE. UU. , así como a 6 delegados sin derecho a voto del Distrito de Columbia y los territorios habitados de EE. UU. para la Cámara de Representantes de los Estados Unidos . También se han celebrado elecciones especiales en varias fechas en 2024. En esta fecha también se celebrarán numerosas otras elecciones federales, estatales y locales, incluidas las elecciones presidenciales de EE. UU. y las elecciones al Senado . Los ganadores de estas elecciones servirán en el 119.º Congreso de los Estados Unidos , con escaños repartidos entre los estados según el censo de los Estados Unidos de 2020 .

La Conferencia Republicana de la Cámara de Representantes ha estado dirigida por Mike Johnson desde octubre de 2023, tras la destitución de Kevin McCarthy como presidente de la Cámara de Representantes y la elección de presidente de la misma en la que fue elegido. Es el primer congresista de Luisiana en ser elegido presidente de la Cámara de Representantes. [1]

Con la elección de Hakeem Jeffries como líder del bloque demócrata de la Cámara de Representantes , se prevé que ésta sea la primera elección de la Cámara desde 2002 en la que el Partido Demócrata no estará liderado por Nancy Pelosi . Jeffries es el primer afroamericano en la historia del Congreso en servir como líder de cualquiera de los partidos, y el primer congresista de Nueva York en hacerlo desde la jubilación de Bertrand Snell en 1938. [2 ]

Se espera que las elecciones sean muy competitivas y los pronósticos sugieren una diferencia de menos de 5 escaños entre los 2 partidos. [3] El 118.º Congreso de los Estados Unidos ha sido considerado uno de los menos productivos desde el 72.º Congreso de 1931 a 1933, lo que ha contribuido a un índice de aprobación del 13%. [4] El 118.º Congreso también se considera dramático, con eventos como la elección de presidente de la Cámara de Representantes de enero de 2023 , la crisis del techo de la deuda de 2023 , la destitución de Kevin McCarthy como presidente de la Cámara de Representantes , la elección de presidente de la Cámara de Representantes de octubre de 2023 y la expulsión de George Santos . Ningún partido ha perdido el control de la Cámara después de un solo mandato en el Congreso desde 1954 .

Jubilaciones

Un total de 46 representantes y 2 delegados sin derecho a voto (25 demócratas y 23 republicanos) se retiraron, 18 de los cuales (11 demócratas y 7 republicanos) se retiraron para postularse a otros cargos.

Democrático

  1. Arizona 3 : Rubén Gallego se retira para postularse al Senado de los Estados Unidos . [5]
  2. California 12 : Barbara Lee se retira para postularse al Senado de los Estados Unidos . [6]
  3. California 16 : Anna Eshoo se retira. [7]
  4. California 29 : Tony Cárdenas se retira. [8]
  5. California 30 : Adam Schiff se retira para postularse al Senado de los Estados Unidos . [9]
  6. California 31 : Grace Napolitano se retira. [10]
  7. California 47 : Katie Porter se retira para postularse al Senado de los Estados Unidos . [11]
  8. Representante general de Delaware : Lisa Blunt Rochester se retira para postularse al Senado de los Estados Unidos . [12]
  9. Maryland 2 : Dutch Ruppersberger se retira. [13]
  10. Maryland 3 : John Sarbanes se retira. [14]
  11. Maryland 6 : David Trone se retira para postularse al Senado de los Estados Unidos . [15]
  12. Michigan 7 : Elissa Slotkin se retira para postularse al Senado de los Estados Unidos . [16]
  13. Michigan 8 : Dan Kildee se jubila. [17]
  14. Minnesota 3 : Dean Phillips se retira para postularse a la presidencia . [18]
  15. New Hampshire 2 : Annie Kuster se jubila. [19]
  16. Nueva Jersey 3 : Andy Kim se retira para postularse al Senado de los Estados Unidos . [20]
  17. Carolina del Norte 6 : Kathy Manning se jubila debido a la redistribución de distritos. [21]
  18. Carolina del Norte 13 : Wiley Nickel se retira debido a la redistribución de distritos. [22]
  19. Carolina del Norte 14 : Jeff Jackson se retira para postularse como fiscal general de Carolina del Norte debido a la redistribución de distritos. [23]
  20. Islas Marianas del Norte en general : Gregorio Sablan se jubila. [24]
  21. Oregon 3 : Earl Blumenauer se retira. [25]
  22. Texas 32 : Colin Allred se retira para postularse al Senado de los Estados Unidos . [26]
  23. Virginia 7 : Abigail Spanberger se retira para postularse como gobernadora de Virginia . [27]
  24. Virginia 10 : Jennifer Wexton se retira. [28]
  25. Washington 6 : Derek Kilmer se retira. [29]

Republicano

  1. Arizona 8 : Debbie Lesko se retira para postularse para la Junta de Supervisores del Condado de Maricopa . [30]
  2. Colorado 4 : Greg López se retira. [31]
  3. Colorado 5 : Doug Lamborn se retira. [32]
  4. Florida 8 : Bill Posey se retira. [33]
  5. Georgia 3 : Drew Ferguson se retira. [34]
  6. Indiana 3 : Jim Banks se retira para postularse al Senado de los Estados Unidos . [35]
  7. Indiana 6 : Greg Pence se retira. [36]
  8. Indiana 8 : Larry Bucshon se retira. [37]
  9. Kansas 2 : Jake LaTurner se retira. [38]
  10. Luisiana 6 : Garret Graves se retira debido a la redistribución de distritos. [39]
  11. Missouri 3 : Blaine Luetkemeyer se retira. [40]
  12. Montana 2 : Matt Rosendale se retira. [41]
  13. Carolina del Norte 8 : Dan Bishop se retira para postularse como fiscal general de Carolina del Norte . [42]
  14. Carolina del Norte 10 : Patrick McHenry se retira. [43]
  15. Gobernador general de Dakota del Norte : Kelly Armstrong se retira para postularse como candidato a gobernador de Dakota del Norte . [44]
  16. Ohio 2 : Brad Wenstrup se retira. [45]
  17. Puerto Rico en general : Jenniffer González-Colón se retira para postularse para gobernadora de Puerto Rico . [46]
  18. Carolina del Sur 3 : Jeff Duncan se retira. [47]
  19. Texas 12 : Kay Granger se retira. [48]
  20. Texas 26 : Michael C. Burgess se retira. [49]
  21. Utah 3 : John Curtis se retira para postularse al Senado de los Estados Unidos . [50]
  22. Washington 5 : Cathy McMorris Rodgers se retira. [51]
  23. Virginia Occidental 2 : Alex Mooney se retira para postularse al Senado de los Estados Unidos . [52]

Renuncias y muertes

Tres escaños quedarán vacantes el día de las elecciones generales por renuncias o muertes en 2024, uno de los cuales no se cubrirá hasta el próximo Congreso.

Democrático

Dos demócratas murieron en el cargo.

  1. Nueva Jersey 9 : Bill Pascrell murió el 21 de agosto. [53]
  2. Texas 18 : Sheila Jackson Lee murió el 19 de julio . [54] Se llevarán a cabo elecciones especiales para cubrir el resto de su mandato simultáneamente con las elecciones generales para el próximo mandatocompleto .

Republicano

Un republicano dimitió antes de finalizar su mandato.

  1. Wisconsin 8 : Mike Gallagher renunció el 24 de abril. [55] Se llevarán a cabo elecciones especiales para cubrir el resto de su mandato simultáneamente con las elecciones generales para el próximo mandatocompleto .

Los titulares derrotados

Cuatro titulares (dos demócratas y dos republicanos) perdieron la nominación en las elecciones primarias.

En las elecciones primarias

Democrático

Dos demócratas perdieron la nominación.

  1. Misuri 1 : Cori Bush perdió la nominación ante Wesley Bell . [56]
  2. Nueva York 16 : Jamaal Bowman perdió la nominación ante George Latimer . [57]

Republicanos

Dos republicanos perdieron la nominación.

  1. Alabama 1 : Jerry Carl perdió una carrera de redistribución de distritos ante su compañero titular Barry Moore . [58]
  2. Virginia 5 : Bob Good perdió la nominación ante John McGuire . [59]

Asientos cruzados

Esta es una lista de los escaños del Congreso que votaron por un partido en las elecciones presidenciales de 2020 y por otro en las elecciones a la Cámara de Representantes de 2022. [ 60]

Democrático

A continuación se enumeran los distritos en los que Donald Trump ganó en 2020 y que están representados por demócratas:

Republicano

A continuación se enumeran los distritos en los que Joe Biden ganó en 2020 que están representados por republicanos:

Cambios en la redistribución de distritos a mediados de la década

En los Estados Unidos, todos los estados con múltiples distritos electorales deben revisar sus mapas de distritos después de cada censo decenal para tener en cuenta los cambios de población. En 2024, la mayoría de los estados utilizarán los mismos distritos creados en el ciclo de redistribución de distritos posterior al censo de 2020 , que se utilizaron por primera vez en las elecciones de 2022. Sin embargo, los mapas han cambiado o cambiarán en varios estados, a menudo debido a impugnaciones legales basadas en manipulaciones políticas o raciales.

A partir de mayo de 2024, varios estados han visto impugnaciones a sus mapas de distritos del Congreso que se implementaron durante el ciclo de redistribución de distritos provocado por los resultados del censo de 2020. En Alabama , un magistrado especial dibujó un nuevo mapa después de que la legislatura estatal presentara un mapa que no cumplía con la Ley de Derechos al Voto después de que la Corte Suprema dictaminara que su mapa original violaba la Ley de Derechos al Voto en Allen v. Milligan , requiriendo la creación de un segundo distrito predominantemente negro . [62] [63] De manera similar, un juez en Georgia dictaminó que los mapas de Georgia estaban manipulados racialmente de manera ilegal y la Asamblea General de Georgia dibujó un nuevo mapa que agregó un nuevo distrito predominantemente negro. [64] [65] En Luisiana, la decisión de la Corte Suprema de no intervenir en Robinson v. Ardoin condujo a que se trazara un segundo distrito de mayoría negra también en ese estado, [66] aunque este mapa fue anulado después de una impugnación legal por parte de algunos habitantes de Luisiana [67] [68] antes de que la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos emitiera una orden de emergencia que permitiera que el nuevo mapa se utilizara en las elecciones de 2024. [69] Por otro lado, los legisladores republicanos de Carolina del Norte dibujaron un mapa que colocaba a tres titulares demócratas en distritos de tendencia republicana después de que la Corte Suprema de Carolina del Norte dictaminara que la manipulación partidista de los distritos electorales no es justiciable, [70] lo que a su vez fue anulado por un mapa aprobado después de un fallo similar de un tribunal estatal en Nueva York que hizo que tres distritos altamente competitivos tuvieran cierta tendencia demócrata. [71] Otros casos de manipulación racial de los distritos electorales en Arkansas , [72] Florida , [73] Carolina del Sur , [74] [75] Tennessee [76] y Texas [77] y otro caso de manipulación partidista de los distritos electorales en Utah [78] [79] no se resolvieron antes de las fechas límite de presentación de solicitudes para las elecciones al Congreso de 2024 en esos estados; los distritos de Carolina del Sur fueron finalmente confirmados por la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos más de un mes después de la fecha límite de presentación de solicitudes del estado. [80]

Asientos de nueva creación

Los siguientes distritos no tendrán un representante titular como resultado de la redistribución de distritos.

  1. Alabama 2
  2. Carolina del Norte 6

Asiento con varios titulares en ejercicio

El siguiente distrito tenía múltiples representantes titulares en candidatura, producto de la fusión de múltiples distritos durante la redistribución de distritos.

  1. Alabama 1 : Barry Moore (R) derrotó a Jerry Carl. [102]

Calificaciones electorales

Elecciones especiales

Hay ocho elecciones especiales programadas en 2024 para el 118.º Congreso de los Estados Unidos , enumeradas aquí por fecha y distrito.

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Hawai

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Luisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Misisipí

Misuri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

Nuevo Hampshire

Nueva Jersey

Nuevo Méjico

Nueva York

Carolina del Norte

Dakota del Norte

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregón

Pensilvania

Rhode Island

Carolina del Sur

Dakota del Sur

Tennesse

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Non-voting delegates

See also

Notes

  1. ^ As well as the six non-voting delegates.
  2. ^ a b Manning was first elected to a previous, Democratic version of this district which Biden won by 12.4 points in 2020, but it was redrawn to be Republican-leaning in 2023 by the North Carolina state legislature.
  3. ^ a b Nickel was first elected to a previous, competitive version of this district which Biden won by 1.7 points in 2020, but it was redrawn to be Republican-leaning in 2023 by the North Carolina state legislature.
  4. ^ a b Jackson was first elected to a previous, Democratic version of this district which Biden won by 16.3 points in 2020, but it was redrawn to be Republican-leaning in 2023 by the North Carolina state legislature.
  5. ^ a b Moore was first elected to a previous, Republican-leaning version of this district which Trump won by 29.4 points in 2020, but it was redrawn to have a majority-Black electorate in 2023 due to a court order.
  6. ^ a b Graves was first elected to a previous, Republican-leaning version of this district which Trump won by 33.7 points in 2020, but it was redrawn to have a majority-Black electorate in 2024 due to a court order.
  7. ^ Competitive seats are defined as seats won by less than 10 points by their respective party in 2020
  8. ^ a b c d e f g A new congressional map was enacted in October 2023, after the most recent publication of the Cook PVI.[82]
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n A new congressional map was enacted in December 2023, after the most recent publication of the Cook PVI.[84]
  10. ^ a b c d e f A new congressional map was enacted in January 2024 as a result of Robinson v. Ardoin, after the most recent publication of the Cook PVI.[88]
  11. ^ Van Drew was first elected as a Democrat but switched to the Republican Party in December 2019.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z A new congressional map was enacted in February 2024, after the most recent publication of the Cook PVI.[93]
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n A new congressional map was enacted in October 2023, after the most recent publication of the Cook PVI.[94]
  14. ^ Sablan was first elected as an Independent and switched to the Democratic Party in October 2021.
  15. ^ González-Colón is a member of the Republican Party in Congress, but runs in elections under Puerto Rico's New Progressive Party (PNP).

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