The Paris Police Prefecture (French: la préfecture de police de Paris), officially the Police Prefecture (French: la préfecture de police, abbreviated as "la PP"), is the unit of the French Ministry of the Interior that provides police, emergency services, and various administrative services to the population of the city of Paris and the surrounding three suburban départements of Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis, and Val-de-Marne. It is headed by the Paris Prefect of Police (le Préfet de police de Paris), officially called the Prefect of Police (le Préfet de police).
The Paris Police Prefecture supervises the Paris Police force, the Paris Fire Brigade, and various administrative departments in charge of issuing ID cards and driver licenses or monitoring alien residents. The Prefecture of Police also has security duties in the wider Île-de-Francerégion as the Préfet de Police is also Préfet de Zone de Défense (Prefect for the Defense zone).[1] Since 2017, it has acquired direct responsibility for the three main airports of the Paris area (Charles de Gaulle, Orly and Le Bourget).
In addition to the Préfecture de Police, the French government created the Paris Municipal Police (French: Police municipale de Paris) in 2021. In contrast with the Préfecture, the municipal police report to the city government, rather than to the national government. Municipal police officers began patrolling city streets on foot, bicycle, and by car starting on October 18, 2021. The goal of the municipal police is to "make neighbourhoods safer and more peaceful and ensure that public space is shared," for example by enforcing laws on parking, littering, breaking up quarrels, and assisting homeless or elderly residents.[2]
The préfecture[3] is a large building located in the Place Louis Lépine on the Île de la Cité. This building was built as a barracks for the Garde républicaine from 1863 to 1867 (architect Pierre-Victor Calliat) and was occupied by the Prefecture in 1871.
As it is the capital of France, with government assemblies and offices and foreign embassies, Paris poses special issues of security and public order. Consequently, the national government has been responsible for providing law enforcement and emergency services since the creation of the Lieutenancy General of Police (lieutenance générale de police) by Louis XIV on March 15, 1667. Disbanded at the start of the French Revolution in 1789, it was replaced by the current Prefecture of Police created by Napoléon I on February 17, 1800. This means that, up until 2021, Paris did not have its own police municipale and that the Police Nationale provided all of these services directly as a subdivision of France's Ministry of the Interior.
Policemen assigned to "la PP" are part of the Police nationale but the Police Prefect reports directly to the Interior Minister, not to the director of the Police nationale (Directeur général de la Police nationale or DGPN). In Parisian slang, the police were sometimes known as "the archers", a very old slang term in reference to the archers of the long-defunct Royal Watch.
Paris also has the "Direction de la Prévention, de la Sécurité et de la Protection" (DPSP) (Prevention, Security and Protection Directorate) which is composed of Agents with municipal police powers[4] titled inspecteurs de sécurité (Security Inspectors).[5] The DPSP reports to the Mayor of Paris.
Jurisdiction
Paris Police Headquarters at Place Louis Lépine, 1 rue de Lutèce, 75004 Paris (métro Cité).
The jurisdiction of the Prefecture of Police was initially the Seinedépartement. Its jurisdiction also included the communes (municipalities) of Saint-Cloud, Sèvres, Meudon, and Enghien-les-Bains, which were located in the Seine-et-Oisedépartement. These four communes were added in the 19th century to the jurisdiction of the Prefecture of Police in order to ensure special protection of the imperial/royal residences located there.
The Seine département was disbanded in 1968 and the jurisdiction of the Prefecture of Police is now the city of Paris (which is both a commune and a département) and the three surrounding départements of Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis, Val-de-Marne. This territory made up of four départements is larger than the pre-1968 Seine département.
The Prefecture of Police also has limited jurisdiction over the whole Île-de-Francerégion for the coordination of law enforcement, including combatting cybercrime. The Prefect of Police, acting as Prefect of the Defense Zone of Paris (Préfet de la Zone de Défense de Paris), is in charge of planning non-military defense measures to keep public order, guarantee the security of public services, and organize rescue operations (in case of natural disaster) for the whole Île-de-France région (which is made up of eight départements, the four inner ones being the regular jurisdiction of the Prefecture of Police, and the four outer ones being outside of its regular jurisdiction). As such, he coordinates the work of the departmental préfets of Île-de-France.
Nomination and missions
Headed by a prefect titled The "Prefect of Police", who (as are all prefects) is named by the President in the Council of Ministers, and operates under the Minister of the Interior, commands the Prefecture which is responsible for the following:
security of Paris, if necessary in collaboration with the military;
issuing identification cards, driver's licenses, passports, residential and work permits for foreigners;
motor vehicle registration and traffic control;
registration of associations, and their creation, status modification and dissolution;
protection of the environment, general salubrity;
determining the dates of discount sales in large stores which can be held only twice a year;
issuing permits to bakeries/boulangeries for their summer vacation to assure that all the bakeries in a given neighborhood are not closed at the same time;
management of police and firefighters.
The Prefect of Police can issue arrêtés (local writs) defining rules pertaining to his field of competency. For instance, the rules of operation and security of Paris public parks are issued as joint arrêtés from the Mayor of Paris and the Prefect of Police.
Until 1977, Paris had indeed no elected mayor and the police was essentially in the hands of the préfet de police. However, the powers of the mayor of Paris were increased at the expense of those of the Préfet de Police in 2002, notably for traffic and parking decisions (the préfet retains the responsibility on main thoroughfares such as the Avenue des Champs-Élysées, and on any street during the organization of demonstrations).
There is also a prefect of Paris, prefect for the Île-de-France region, whose services handle some tasks not devoted to the Police Prefect, such as certain classes of building permits.
Fire Brigade (Operates emergency ambulances as EMS) 1-8
Organization
Peugeot of the Paris Police Prefecture.Police boat
The PP is headed by a politically appointed prefect who is assisted by the prevote, who is the senior police officer of the force. The Prefecture of Police is divided into three sub-prefectures headed by prefects due to their importance.
Because the Police Prefecture provides some services that are normally provided by city governments, its funding partially comes from the City of Paris and other city governments within its jurisdiction.
In addition to forces from the National Police, the Police Prefecture has traffic wardens or crossing guards who enforce parking rules; it has recently added some wardens that direct traffic at crossroads and other similar duties, known as circulation, with specific uniforms.
Prefect and Director of the Cabinet
Consists of the Cabinet (staff) itself, the Gendarmerie Nationale Liaison Office, and 6 Local Directorates:
Public Security – uniformed police officers
Lost and Found Property
Central Accident Service
Public Order and Traffic Control – uniformed police who protect public buildings, provide crowd and traffic control services
Judicial Police (Police judiciaire) – detectives and investigators (the 36 quai des Orfèvres)
General Information – records
Inspectorate – internal affairs
Paris Fire Brigade – the military unit which provides all fire and emergency ambulance services (other emergency medical services are provided by SAMU/SMUR)
and other agencies:
Classified Facility Inspectorate
Psychiatric Infirmary
Toxicology Laboratory
Central Laboratory-explosives, pollution, chemical analysis, electrical and fire safety, etc.
Prefect and Secretary-General for the Administration of the Police
488 million Euros by Paris and surrounding departments of the Petite Couronne
Personnel:
45,860 employees, of which 30,200 police officers
8,300 Military Personnel of the Paris Fire Brigade
494 Facilities, stations, and offices
6,120 vehicles – including police cars, fire trucks, motorcycles, boats, and helicopters
Activities
350,000 incidents of crime reports
two million administrative documents issues
200,000 drivers licenses issued
List of lieutenant generals and prefects of police
Before the French Revolution, the head of the Paris Police was the lieutenant général de police, whose office was created in March 1667 when the first modern police force in the world was set up by the government of King Louis XIV to police the city of Paris. The office vanished at the start of the French Revolution and police was vested in the hands of the Paris Commune. Reorganized by Napoléon Bonaparte in 1800, the Paris Police has been headed by the préfet de police since that time.
Sources: La Grande Encyclopédie, volume 27, page 95, published in 1900. See scan of the full text at Gallica: [1]. / List of Prefects of Paris on rulers.org: [2]. / Archives of Le Monde: [3].
^Île-de-France is one of the seven Defense zones of the French metropolitan territory.
^"La police municipale se déploie dans les rues de Paris" [The municipal police deploy in the streets of Paris] (in French).
^The term préfecture describes both the administration and the building(s) where it is located.
^Azière, Eric (8 January 2016). "Le terme "police municipale" est-il tabou pour Anne Hidalgo?" [Is the term "municipal police" taboo for Anne Hidalgo?]. Huffington Post (in French).
^https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do;jsessionid=BCFE2EF8DCF619E5A0962C7EB22BA511.tpdila20v_3?idSectionTA=LEGISCTA000025507674&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000025503132&dateTexte=20120618 French
External links
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