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List of countries by income equality

World map of income inequality Gini coefficients by country. Based on World Bank data ranging from 1992 to 2020.[1]
  •   Above 50%
  •   Between 45% and 50%
  •   Between 40% and 45%
  •   Between 35% and 40%
  •   Between 30% and 35%
  •   Below 30%
  •   No data

This is a list of countries or dependencies by income inequality metrics, including Gini coefficients. The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1, where 0 corresponds with perfect equality (where everyone has the same income) and 1 corresponds with perfect inequality (where one person has all the income—and everyone else has no income).

Income distribution can vary greatly from wealth distribution in a country (see List of countries by wealth inequality). Income from black market economic activity is not included and is the subject of current economic research.[2][3]

UN, World Bank and CIA list – income ratios and Gini indices

Row numbers are static. Other columns are sortable. This allows ranking of any column.

Key:

R/P 10%
The ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%.
R/P 20%
The ratio of the average income of the richest 20% to the poorest 20%.
Gini
Gini index, a quantified representation of a nation's Lorenz curve. A Gini index of 0% expresses perfect equality, while index of 100% expresses maximal inequality.
UN
Data from the United Nations Development Programme.
CIA
Data from the Central Intelligence Agency's The World Factbook.

EU27 countries

Note: Pink-coloured cells indicate a break in the time series. Blue-coloured cells indicate estimated values.

Source: Eurostat, “Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income - EU-SILC survey”[9]

OECD countries

Gini coefficient, before taxes and transfers

Source:[10][11]

Gini coefficient, after taxes and transfers

Source:[12][13]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Serbia is a negotiating candidate to the EU.
  2. ^ Montenegro is a negotiating candidate to the EU.

References

  1. ^ "Gini index (World Bank estimate)". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2022-04-23.
  2. ^ Underground economy and income inequality: two connected aspects in the oncoming context of Italian federalism Archived 2012-02-09 at the Wayback Machine. By Iacopo Odoardi and Carmen Pagliari. Vol. 15 No. 1, 2011 Archived 2012-02-09 at the Wayback Machine. Global & Local Economic Review.
  3. ^ The Size of the Shadow Economies of 145 Countries all over the World: First Results over the Period 1999 to 2003. December 2004. By Friedrich Schneider (University of Linz and IZA Bonn). Institute for the Study of Labor.
  4. ^ a b Monino, Jean-Louis; Sedkaoui, Soraya (2016-03-11). Data Development Mechanisms. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 43–72. doi:10.1002/9781119285199.ch3. ISBN 978-1-119-28519-9. Retrieved 2021-06-26. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  5. ^ "GINI index (World Bank estimate)". World Bank. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  6. ^ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income - The World Factbook". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2022-08-24.
  7. ^ "Human Development Reports". UNDP. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
  8. ^ GINI Index for Montenegro (Report). 18 January 2018.
  9. ^ "Statistics | Eurostat". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
  10. ^ "Income Distribution Database". OECD.org. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved December 23, 2022. Measure: Gini (market income, before taxes and transfers)
  11. ^ "Japan records its second-worst income disparity as society ages". asahi.com. The Asahi Shimbun. Retrieved August 23, 2023. Measure: Gini (market income, before taxes and transfers)
  12. ^ "Income Distribution Database". OECD.org. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved December 23, 2022. Measure: Gini (disposable income, post taxes and transfers)
  13. ^ "Japan records its second-worst income disparity as society ages". asahi.com. The Asahi Shimbun. Retrieved August 23, 2023. Measure: Gini (market income, before taxes and transfers)

Further reading

External links