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Duque de Silesia

El título de duque de Silesia era el de los hijos y descendientes del duque polaco Boleslao III de Wrymouth . De acuerdo con el último testamento de Boleslao , a su muerte sus tierras se dividieron en cuatro o cinco provincias hereditarias distribuidas entre sus hijos, y una provincia real de Cracovia reservada para el mayor, que iba a ser Gran Duque de toda Polonia. Esto se conoció como la fragmentación de Polonia . Los acontecimientos posteriores condujeron a una mayor fragmentación de los ducados.

A principios del siglo XIV existían en Silesia catorce ducados independientes: Brzeg, Wrocław, Świdnica, Jawor, Ziębice, Głogów, Ścinawa, Żagan y Oleśnica en la Baja Silesia; Koźle, Cieszyn, Bytom, Niemodlin, Opole, Strzelce, Racibórz y Opava en la Alta Silesia y el ducado eclesiástico de Nysa. Entre 1327 y 1329 la mayoría de los duques aceptaron el señorío del rey bohemio Juan de Bohemia , que adquirió el derecho de sucesión para todos estos ducados. En los siglos siguientes todas las ramas de los Piastas de Silesia se extinguieron, y con la muerte de Jorge Guillermo, duque de Liegnitz, la dinastía dejó de existir.

Ducado de Silesia

El ducado de Silesia , una de las provincias hereditarias de Polonia, Silesia , fue otorgado al hijo mayor de Boleslao III, Vladislao II el Desterrado , y posteriormente fue dividido entre sus hijos Boleslao I el Alto (Breslavia/Baja Silesia), Mieszko I Pies Enredados (Racibórz/Alta Silesia) y Conrado Zancas de Huso (Glogów). Después de la muerte de Conrado, Glogów volvió a unirse al ducado de Breslavia/Baja Silesia.

Particiones de Silesia

En 1173 Boleslao regresó y aceptó que Mieszko y Boleslao gobernaran en sus propios ducados, separados del ducado de Silesia. Esto llevó a la creación del ducado de Racibórz para Mieszko I y el ducado de Opole para Jaroslao, comenzando la fragmentación del ducado de Silesia. Los territorios controlados por Mieszko I y Jaroslao correspondían aproximadamente a lo que se conoce como Alta Silesia , mientras que los territorios que permanecieron con Boleslao I correspondían aproximadamente a Baja Silesia .

Baja Silesia

El Ducado de Baja Silesia era una continuación directa del Ducado de Silesia, pero sin los territorios que aproximadamente se correspondían con la Alta Silesia ; por lo tanto, estaba compuesto por los territorios que aproximadamente se correspondían con la Baja Silesia . Algunas fuentes se refieren a él como el Ducado de Silesia; algunas como el Ducado de Baja Silesia; otras aún como el Ducado de Wrocław (Breslau). Wrocław era la capital del Ducado de Silesia, pero este temprano (1172-1248) Ducado de Silesia no debe confundirse con el Ducado de Wrocław más pequeño que se creó con una mayor fragmentación en 1248. El Ducado pasó por varios cambios de fronteras en los años siguientes, a veces perdiendo y a veces ganando territorio. En 1248 la Baja Silesia se dividió cuando Boleslao II tuvo que ceder el Ducado de Wrocław a su hermano menor Enrique III.

Alta Silesia

La Alta Silesia fue dividida en los ducados de Cieszyn y Opole-Racibórz. En 1340 el ducado de Racibórz fue unido a Opava, un feudo de Bohemia.

PiastDuques de Silesia

Repartos de la Silesia polaca bajo la dinastía Piast

       A continuación se muestra una tabla simplificada de las particiones de Silesia:

Un recordatorio rápido para evitar confusiones:

Tabla de gobernantes

Přemyslid Dukes of Silesia

Partitions of Bohemian Silesia under Přemyslid dynasty

       Below follows a simplified table of Silesia's partitions:

Table of rulers

Notes:

Podiebrad Dukes of Silesia

Partitions of Silesia under Podiebrad dynasty

Table of rulers

The Ecclesiastical Duchy of Nysa

Established in 1290 by High Duke Henry IV Probus, held by the Bishops of Wrocław

Major part annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia after the First Silesian War in 1742.

Prussian part secularised in 1810.

Theocracy abolished in 1850.

See also

List of Polish rulers
Piast dynasty
Dukes of Masovia
Dukes of Greater Poland
Dukes of Little Poland
Dukes of Cuiavia
Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca

References

  1. ^ As Opole kept the original capital of Opole-Racibórz, the duchy will be pictured with the same color.
  2. ^ divided into Świdnica and Jawor between 1312 and 1346
  3. ^ Zator split few years before the annexation of Oświęcim to Poland; Zator therefore will be seen as a direct successor duchy, and will be pictured with the same color.
  4. ^ Briefly recovered by Jawor between 1337 and 1346.
  5. ^ The dukes changed their capital to Chojnów in early 1440's, and sold the town of Lubin to Głogów, which was bought back in 1482 by Legnica. The recovery of Legnica by Chojnów (1454) recentered the capital to this recovered town, and, until 1488, the territory of Chojnów and later Lubin became part of the Legnica. Lubin re-emerged in 1488, but was definitely annexed to Legnica in 1550
  6. ^ Shared a half, between 1358 and 1368, with Świdnica-Jawor; Olawa split between 1400 and 1454 and eventually joined Legnica
  7. ^ Brzeg was bought from Opole in 1481 and Lubin from Głogów in 1482
  8. ^ Olawa split from Brzeg in three periods: 1586–1595, 1602–1605, 1672–1680. The latter two were dowries as well.
  9. ^ a b Avoid confusion between Henry III the White and Henry III, duke of Głogów
  10. ^ a b Avoid confusion between Conrad I of Głogów and Conrad I of Oleśnica, later inheritor of a part of Głogów.
  11. ^ Avoid confusion with the later duke of Żagań, Henry IV the Faithful
  12. ^ A new line of dukes started with Conrad I, and Henry was his son. As Henry was, like his uncle Henry III the White, descendant of Henry II, he was numbered, not according to his uncle, but independently as a new line.
  13. ^ a b Avoid confusion between dukes Conrad II of Żagań, known as the Hunchback and Conrad II of Oleśnica, known as the Gray.
  14. ^ Albeit more known as Przemko, his true name was probably Premislaus
  15. ^ a b Avoid confusion between dukes Henry V of Legnica and Henry V of Żagań
  16. ^ Ruled in Swidnica-Jawor since 1273, and abdicated at his father's death, when the partitions were made.
  17. ^ Albeit more known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Avoid confusion with his contemporary, Bolko I of Opole.
  18. ^ A new line of dukes starts with Mieszko I, who is thereby counted as I.
  19. ^ A new line of dukes starts with Casimir, who is thereby counted as I.
  20. ^ a b Applied for Bolko I and Bolko II of Opole. Albeit more known as Bolko, their true name was probably Boleslaus, name with they are also stated in sources. Bolko I was the first Boleslaus/Bolko in Upper Silesia and he was numbered as such. However, avoid confusion with his Lower Silesian contemporary, Bolko I the Strict. The same can be said to Bolko II of Opole. Avoid confusiom between him and his Lower Silesian contemporaries, Bolko the Small and Bolko II of Ziębice.
  21. ^ a b Avoid confusion between dukes Henry VI of Wrocław, known as the Good and Henry VI of Żagań, known as the Elder
  22. ^ A new line of dukes started with Bolko I, and Henry was his son. However, unlike Głogów line, who followed Henry the Pious, this Henry didn't follow any numbering of his ancestors, and styled himself as the I.
  23. ^ Albeit known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Starter of a new line of dukes, he recognized his father's numbering
  24. ^ Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Wrocław, Henry IV the Just
  25. ^ Albeit more known as Przemko, probably his true name was Premislaus.
  26. ^ a b Applied to Władysław of Oświęcim and Władysław of Bytom. They styled themselves I, ignoring the numbering of their ancestor and last duke of the united Opole-Racibórz, Ladislaus I of Opole-Racibórz. Avoid confusion with this two contemporary dukes
  27. ^ Documented as such in 1340.
  28. ^ Albeit known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Avoid confusion with his Lower Silesian uncle, Bolko II of Ziębice, and the Upper Silesian Bolko II of Opole.
  29. ^ a b c Avoid confusion between the Lower Silesian Wenceslaus I of Legnica, and the Upper Silesians Wenceslaus I of Cieszyn and Wenceslaus I of Zator
  30. ^ Ladislaus, as ruler of Opole and a direct descendant of Ladislaus I of Opole-Racibórz, numbered himself II.
  31. ^ Not counting the regents of Opole-Racibórz, Henry was in fact the first (and only) ruler in Upper Silesia to bear this name, more usual in Lower Silesia. In fact, his mother, Elisabeth of Świdnica, was Lower Silesian.
  32. ^ a b Applied to Upper Silesian Bolko III of Strzelce and Lower Silesian Bolko III of Ziębice. Albeit more known as Bolko, their true name must have been Boleslaus. Avoid confusion between these two contemporary dukes.
  33. ^ Albeit following the numberings of the rulers named Bolko, the same is not applied to the dukes Henry in Ziębice. Henry is styled the I, ignoring the numbering of Henry II the Pious.
  34. ^ a b c Avoid confusion between Lower Silesian Wenceslaus II of Legnica and the Upper Silesians Wenceslaus II of Zator and Wenceslaus II of Cieszyn
  35. ^ Numbered higher, as Henry VII of Brzeg, despite succeeding to his father only in 1398, was co-ruling with his father since 1361, sooner than Henry VIII's ascension.
  36. ^ a b Avoid confusion between contemporary dukes Henry VIII of Legnica and Henry VIII of Głogów, known as the Sparrow
  37. ^ a b Avoid confusion between contemporary dukes of Legnica-Brzeg, Henry VII of Brzeg known as the Courageous or with a Scar and Henry VII of Głogów, known as Rumpold or the Middle
  38. ^ a b Note that both Henry VII and his nephew Henry X bore the surname Rumpold
  39. ^ a b Albeit more known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus.
  40. ^ Bernard was the first Upper Silesian ruler to bear this name.
  41. ^ a b Avoid confusion between the contemporary dukes John I of Żagań and John I of Opole
  42. ^ a b Avoid confusion between contemporary dukes Henry IX of Lubin and Henry IX the Elder of Żagań. Henry IX the Elder has also the same sobriquet as his uncle, Henry VI.
  43. ^ a b Avoid confusion between dukes Henry X of Lubin and Henry X of Głogów.
  44. ^ Numbered lower than Henry VIII of Legnica (who ascended in 1364) because he was co-ruling with his father since 1361.
  45. ^ Kantner refers to this town, possibly the one where he was born.
  46. ^ a b Prusice was ceded by Conrad V to his brother Conrad VII, in 1421.
  47. ^ a b Wołów was ceded by Conrad VI to his brother Conrad V, in 1420.
  48. ^ In fact, the half of Ścinawa inherited from John, Duke of Ścinawa in 1365.
  49. ^ Her rule was contested by the Častolovice family, apparently invested with the duchy by the Bohemian king, until 1435.
  50. ^ Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXV, p. 1004.
  51. ^ Ruled jointly with his sister-in-law, Margareta of Celje.
  52. ^ Strangely he was not numbered II, when he had an uncle with this name who co-ruled in the same duchy.
  53. ^ a b Avoid confusion between Henry XI of Głogów and Henry XI of Legnica.
  54. ^ John adopted the numbering V, after his uncle, Jan IV of Oświęcim
  55. ^ Helena Osvětimská, 2020-03-06

Bibliography

Sites

http://www.tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/regents/poland/silesia.htm