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List of districts of the House of Representatives of Japan

Districts of the House of Representatives

As of 2021, the House of Representatives of Japan is elected from a combination of multi-member districts and single-member districts, a method called Parallel voting. Currently, 176 members are elected from 11 multi-member districts (called proportional representation blocks or PR blocks) by a party-list system of proportional representation (PR), and 289 members are elected from single-member districts, for a total of 465. 233 seats are therefore required for a majority. Each PR block consists of one or more prefectures, and each prefecture is divided into one or more single-member districts. In general, the block districts correspond loosely to the major regions of Japan, with some of the larger regions (such as Kantō) subdivided.

History

Until the 1993 general election, all members of the House of Representatives were elected in multi-member constituencies by single non-transferable vote. In 1994, Parliament passed an electoral reform bill that introduced the current system of parallel voting in single-member constituencies and proportional voting blocks.[1] The original draft bill in 1993 by the anti-LDP coalition of Prime Minister Morihiro Hosokawa included proportional party list voting on a national scale, an equal number of proportional and district seats (250 each) and the possibility of split voting. However, the bill stalled in the House of Councillors.[2] After the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) had returned to power later that year, it was changed to include proportional voting in regional blocks only, the number of proportional seats was reduced, but the possibility to cast two separate votes was kept in the bill. The electoral reform law was finally passed in 1994. It was first applied in the 1996 general election.

Redistricting and reapportionment

Amendments to the electoral law in 2002[3] and 2013[4] changed the boundaries of single-member districts and reapportioned seats between prefectures (+5/-5 in 2002; +0/-5 in 2013, resulting in a net change of -5 in district seats in the House of Representatives to 295 and overall seats to 475). The borders of the regional proportional blocks have never changed, but the apportionment of seats to the regional proportional blocks changed in 2000 after the number of proportional seats had been reduced from 200 to 180 (reducing the total number of seats in the lower house from 500 to 480),[5] and in the 2002 reapportionment.

Another reapportionment was passed by the National Diet in June 2017. In the majoritarian segment, it will change 97 districts in 19 prefectures, six are eliminated without replacement (one each in Aomori, Iwate, Mie, Nara, Kumamoto and Kagoshima). In the proportional segment, four "blocks" lose a seat each (Tōhoku, N. Kantō, Kinki, Kyūshū). Thus, the number of majoritarian seats is reduced to 289, the number of proportional seats to 176, the House of Representatives overall shrinks to 465. The reform takes effect one month after promulgation, i.e. on July 16, 2017.[6][7]

Hokkaidō (8 block seats)

The block constituency for Hokkaidō (比例北海道ブロック) elects 8 members proportionally. It contains only Hokkaidō Prefecture, which is divided into 12 single-member districts.

Hokkaidō Prefecture (12 districts)

Tohoku (13 block seats)

The block constituency for Tohoku (比例東北ブロック) elects 14 members proportionally. It corresponds to the Tohoku region.

Akita Prefecture (3 districts)

Aomori Prefecture (3 districts)

Fukushima Prefecture (4 districts)

Iwate Prefecture (3 districts)

Miyagi Prefecture (5 districts)

Yamagata Prefecture (3 districts)

Kita- (North) Kanto (19 block seats)

The Northern Kanto proportional representation block (北関東) elects 20 members proportionally. It includes four prefectures in northern Kanto.

Gunma Prefecture (5 districts)

Ibaraki Prefecture (7 districts)

Saitama Prefecture (16 districts)

Tochigi Prefecture (5 districts)

Minami- (Southern) Kanto (22 block seats)

The block constituency for southern Kanto (比例南関東ブロック, hirei minami-Kantō burokku) elects 22 members proportionally. It includes two prefectures in southern Kanto and one in eastern Chubu.

Chiba Prefecture (14 districts)

Kanagawa Prefecture (20 districts)

Yamanashi Prefecture (2 districts)

Tokyo (17 block seats)

The block constituency for Tokyo (比例東京ブロック) elects 17 members proportionally. It covers Tokyo prefecture.

Tokyo Metropolis (30 districts)

Hokurikushin'etsu (11 block seats)

The block constituency for Hokurikushinetsu (北陸信越) elects 11 members proportionally. It combines five prefectures of the Hokuriku and Shin'etsu subregions in northern Chubu.

Fukui Prefecture (2 districts)

Ishikawa Prefecture (3 districts)

Niigata Prefecture (5 districts)

Nagano Prefecture (5 districts)

Toyama Prefecture (3 districts)

Tokai (21 block seats)

The block constituency for Tokai (東海) elects 21 members proportionally. It covers three prefectures in southern Chubu, as well as one prefecture in Kinki.

Aichi Prefecture (16 districts)

Gifu Prefecture (5 districts)

Mie Prefecture (4 districts)

Shizuoka Prefecture (8 districts)

Kinki/Kansai (28 block seats)

The block constituency for Kinki (Kansai) (近畿) elects 29 members proportionally. It corresponds to the Kinki region minus Mie Prefecture.

Hyōgo Prefecture (12 districts)

Kyoto Prefecture (6 districts)

Nara Prefecture (3 districts)

Osaka Prefecture (19 districts)

Shiga Prefecture (3 districts)

Wakayama Prefecture (2 districts)

Chugoku (11 block seats)

The block constituency for Chugoku (中国) elects 11 members proportionally. It corresponds to the Chugoku region.

Hiroshima Prefecture (6 districts)

Okayama Prefecture (4 districts)

Shimane Prefecture (2 districts)

Tottori Prefecture (2 districts)

Yamaguchi Prefecture (3 districts)

Shikoku (6 block seats)

The block constituency for Shikoku (比例四国ブロック) elects 6 members proportionally. It corresponds to the Shikoku region.

Ehime Prefecture (3 districts)

Kagawa Prefecture (3 districts)

Kōchi Prefecture (2 districts)

Tokushima Prefecture (2 districts)

Kyūshū (20 block seats)

The block constituency for Kyūshū (九州) elects 21 members proportionally. It includes all the prefectures on Kyūshū island, as well as Okinawa Prefecture.

Fukuoka Prefecture (11 districts)

Kagoshima Prefecture (4 districts)

Kumamoto Prefecture (4 districts)

Miyazaki Prefecture (3 districts)

Nagasaki Prefecture (3 districts)

Ōita Prefecture (3 districts)

Okinawa Prefecture (4 districts)

Saga Prefecture (2 districts)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb Redistricted in 2022 (First effective in the 2025 Japanese General Election)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Redistricted in 2002 (first effective in the 2003 House of Representatives election)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Redistricted in 2013 (first effective in the 47th House of Representatives election)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Created in 2022 (First effective in the 2025 Japanese General Election)
  5. ^ a b c Created in the 2002 reapportionment (first effective in the 2003 House of Representatives election)

References

  1. ^ "Japanese Pass Bills On Electoral Reform". The New York Times. 3 November 1993. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
  2. ^ CRS: Issue Brief IB93100 in the Government Document Digital Collection of the University of North Texas
  3. ^ MIC: 衆議院小選挙区の区割りの改定等について
  4. ^ MIC: 衆議院小選挙区の区割りの改定等について
  5. ^ MIC: 衆議院比例代表選出議員の定数削減について
  6. ^ MIC: 衆議院小選挙区の区割りの改定等について
  7. ^ NHK Senkyo Web: 衆院小選挙区 区割り見直し 改正公選法が成立
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au "総務省｜令和4年9月1日現在選挙人名簿及び在外選挙人名簿登録者数". 総務省 (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-01-28.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa "Members M_The House of Representatives,Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab "Members T_The House of Representatives,Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z "Members N_The House of Representatives,Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
  12. ^ a b c d e "Members W_The House of Representatives,Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Members A_The House of Representatives,Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y "Members I_The House of Representatives,Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Members O_The House of Representatives,Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Members Y_The House of Representatives,Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Members E_The House of Representatives,Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al "Members K_The House of Representatives,Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
  19. ^ a b c d "Members G_The House of Representatives,Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y "Members S_The House of Representatives,Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Members F_The House of Representatives,Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2021-08-15.
  22. ^ "Members D_The House of Representatives,Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Members H_The House of Representatives,Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  24. ^ "Members R_The House of Representatives,Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  25. ^ a b c d "Members U_The House of Representatives,Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  26. ^ "Members B_The House of Representatives,Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-06-22.

External links