Superfamily of snakes
Colubroidea is a superfamily of snakes in the clade Colubroides that includes Colubridae, with some studies splitting Colubridae into multiple families that make up Colubroidea. Historically, Colubroidea also included other caenophidian snakes such as cobras and vipers, as these snakes form a clade. However these groups are now divided into several distinct, but related, families.[1][2][3][4] Zaher et al. (2009) proposed to redefine Colubroidea for colubrids and related families, while designating Colubroides as the group containing vipers and cobras as well as colubroids.[1] The ReptileDatabase considers Colubroidea to be composed of Colubridae and the members of its sister group, Elapoidea, and does not recognize the division of Colubridae into multiple families.[5]
Classification
Phylogeny[1][2][3][4]
Families and Subfamilies[1][2][3][4]
Usual taxonomy:[5]
- Family: Colubridae Oppel, 1811
- Subfamily: Grayiinae Günther, 1858
- Subfamily: Calamariinae Bonaparte, 1838
- Subfamily: Ahaetullinae Figueroa, McKelvy, Grismer, Bell & Lailvaux, 2016
- Subfamily: Colubrinae Oppel, 1811
- Subfamily: Sibynophiinae Dunn, 1928
- Subfamily: Natricidae Bonaparte, 1838
- Subfamily: Pseudoxenodontidae McDowell, 1987
- Subfamily: Xenodontinae Dunn, 1928
- Subfamily: Dipsadinae Bonaparte, 1838
Alternate taxonomy:[4]
Unknown Genera incertae sedis (not currently placed in a family, usually because of the absence of genetic data, but suspected to be colubroids based on morphology)
Fossil Colubroidea
North America
- Mexico
Locations of Colubroidea fossil finds in Mexico
Cueva de Abra Travertine
Goleta Formation# Las Tunas Wash; Jeffries Site
South America
Locations of Colubroidea fossil finds in South America
Pleisto-Holocene ages
Pliocene ages
Miocene ages
- Legend
References
- ^ a b c d e Zaher, H.; Grazziotin, F. G.; Cadle, J. E.; Murphy, R. M.; Cesar de Moura-Leite, J.; Bonatto, S. L. (2009). "Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South American Xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia. 49 (11): 115–153. doi:10.1590/S0031-10492009001100001. hdl:11449/71032.
- ^ a b c Grazziotin, F. G.; Zaher, H.; Murphy, R. W.; Srocchi, G.; Benavides, M. A.; Zhang, Y.; Bonatto, S. L. (2012). "Molecular phylogeny of the new world Dipsadidae (Serpentes: Colubroidea): a reappraisal". Cladistics. 28 (5): 437–459. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00393.x. PMID 34836446. S2CID 84934386.
- ^ a b c Pyron; Burbrink; Wiens (2013). "A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13 (1): 93. Bibcode:2013BMCEE..13...93P. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93. PMC 3682911. PMID 23627680.
- ^ a b c d Figueroa, A.; McKelvy, A. D.; Grismer, L. L.; Bell, C. D.; Lailvaux, S. P. (2016). "A species-level phylogeny of extant snakes with description of a new colubrid subfamily and genus". PLOS ONE. 11 (9): e0161070. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1161070F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161070. PMC 5014348. PMID 27603205.
- ^ a b "Search results | The Reptile Database". reptile-database.reptarium.cz. Retrieved 2022-07-21.
- ^ Fossilworks
- ^ Fossilworks
- ^ "La Goleta ( of Mexico)". Fossilworks. Gateway to the Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
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Cueva de Abra Travertine
Goleta Formation#
Las Tunas Wash; Jeffries Site
