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Premio Nacional del Libro de No Ficción

El National Book Award for Nonfiction es uno de los cinco National Book Awards anuales de Estados Unidos , que otorga la National Book Foundation para reconocer el trabajo literario sobresaliente de ciudadanos estadounidenses. Son premios "de escritores para escritores". [1] Los panelistas son cinco "escritores que son conocidos por hacer un gran trabajo en su género o campo". [2]

Los premios originales National Book Awards reconocían los libros de biografía y no ficción "más destacados" (dos) de 1935 y 1936, y los libros de no ficción "favoritos" de 1937 a 1940. Los premios "Descubrimiento del librero" y "Libro más original" reconocían en ocasiones los libros de no ficción (véase más abajo).

El premio general de "No ficción" fue uno de los tres que se otorgaron cuando se restablecieron los Premios Nacionales del Libro en 1950 para las publicaciones de 1949, lo que la Fundación Nacional del Libro considera el origen de su serie de premios actual. [3] De 1964 a 1983, bajo diferentes administradores, hubo múltiples categorías de no ficción. [3]

El premio actual de no ficción reconoce un libro escrito por un ciudadano estadounidense y publicado en los EE. UU. entre el 1 de diciembre y el 30 de noviembre. La National Book Foundation acepta nominaciones de editoriales hasta el 15 de junio, exige enviar los libros nominados a los panelistas antes del 1 de agosto y anuncia a los cinco finalistas en octubre. El ganador se anuncia el día de la ceremonia final en noviembre. El premio consiste en 10 000 dólares y una escultura de bronce; los demás finalistas reciben 1000 dólares, una medalla y una mención escrita por el panel. [4] La escultura de Louise Nevelson data de los premios de 1980. [5] Los premios en efectivo de 10 000 y 1000 dólares y el reconocimiento de otoño para las publicaciones del año en curso datan de 1984. [6] [7] [a]

Se nominaron alrededor de 200 libros para el premio de 1984, cuando se restableció el premio único para no ficción general. [7]

Categorías múltiples de no ficción (1964-1983)

Para el ciclo 1963/1964, tres nuevas categorías de premios reemplazaron a la de "No ficción": Artes y Letras; Historia y Biografía; Ciencia, Filosofía y Religión. Durante los siguientes veinte años hubo al menos tres categorías de premios para libros de no ficción dirigidos a lectores adultos y el término "No ficción" se utilizó solo entre 1980 y 1983 ("No ficción general", tapa dura y rústica).

Destinatarios

1935-1940

Los Premios Nacionales del Libro de 1935 a 1940 reconocieron anualmente el libro "más distinguido" o "favorito" de no ficción general o simplemente no ficción. En 1935 y 1936 hubo un premio específico para la biografía más distinguida; ambos ganadores fueron autobiografías. Mientras tanto, cuatro de los seis ganadores generales de no ficción fueron autobiográficos y uno más fue una biografía. Además, todos los libros eran elegibles para el "Descubrimiento del librero" y el "Libro más original" (dos premios); los ganadores de no ficción se enumeran aquí. Solo en 1937 y 1939, el New York Times informó que hubo segundos y segundos puestos respectivamente. [8] [9]

Solo hubo un Premio Nacional del Libro en 1941, el Bookseller Discovery, que reconocía una novela; [10] luego ninguno hasta su resurgimiento en 1950 para libros de 1949 en tres categorías, incluida la no ficción general.

Década de 1950

Los primeros premios de la serie actual se entregaron a los mejores libros de 1949 en la cena de la convención anual de libreros, editores y fabricantes de libros en la ciudad de Nueva York, el 16 de marzo de 1950. Hubo menciones honoríficas ("citaciones especiales") solo en la categoría de no ficción. [18]

Década de 1960

1960-1963

1964-1969

Entre 1964 y 1969, los ganadores se presentaban por categorías específicas (por ejemplo, Artes y Letras). Sin embargo, los finalistas se presentaban en una categoría general de no ficción. Se han adivinado categorías individuales de finalistas.

Artes y letras
Historia y biografía
Ciencia, filosofía y religión

Década de 1970

A lo largo de la década de 1970, el Premio Nacional del Libro se dividió en múltiples categorías.

Artes y letras

Historia, biografía y autobiografía

En algunos años, los premios de Historia y Biografía se combinaron, mientras que en otros, fueron dos categorías separadas.

Filosofía y religión

Las ciencias

Asuntos contemporáneos

Década de 1980

1980-1983

De 1980 a 1983 hubo premios dobles para libros de tapa dura (hc) y de bolsillo (ppb) en todas las subcategorías de no ficción y algunas otras. La mayoría de los ganadores del premio de bolsillo fueron segundas ediciones y ediciones posteriores que habían sido elegibles previamente en sus primeras ediciones. Aquí el año de publicación de la primera edición se da entre paréntesis, excepto el año calendario anterior al premio que se representa con "(new)". [g]

En 1980, la categoría "No ficción" incluía los siguientes géneros, cada uno en edición de bolsillo y de tapa dura.

Autobiografía y biografía
Interés actual
No ficción general
Referencia general
Historia
Religión/Inspiración
Ciencia

1983/1984

Durante 1982 se publicaron 1983 entradas, el modelo establecido para 1949 libros en 1950. Los ganadores en 27 categorías se anunciaron el 13 de abril y se celebraron en privado el 28 de abril de 1983. [ cita requerida ]

Los premios prácticamente dejaron de existir esa primavera. Su salvación con un programa reducido aún por determinar se anunció en noviembre. La renovación se completó recién el verano siguiente, con un programa de otoño que reconocería los libros publicados durante el año del premio (inicialmente, desde noviembre anterior hasta octubre actual). No hubo premios para libros publicados en 1983 antes de noviembre.

En esa época, los premios eran patrocinados únicamente por las editoriales. A partir de 1980 (para los libros de 1979) se denominaron "Premios del Libro Americano", y se consideró que los Premios Nacionales del Libro habían dejado de celebrarse después de 1979. [ cita requerida ]

Las inscripciones para los premios "renovados" de 1984 en sólo tres categorías se publicaron entre noviembre de 1983 y octubre de 1984, es decir, aproximadamente durante el año de entrega de premios. El 17 de octubre se anunciaron once finalistas. [7] Los ganadores se anunciaron y celebraron el 15 de noviembre de 1984. [63]

1984-1989

Década de 1990

Década de 2000

Década de 2010

Década de 2020

Repeat winners

See also Winners of multiple U.S. National Book Awards

Three books have won two literary National Book Awards (that is, excluding graphics), all in nonfiction subcategories of 1964 to 1983.

1974 Biography; 1974 History
1979 Contemporary Thought; 1980 General Nonfiction, Paperback
1975 Arts and Letters; 1975 Science

Matthiessen and Thomas won three Awards (as did Saul Bellow, all fiction). Matthiessen won the 2008 fiction award. Thomas is one of several authors of two Award-winning books in nonfiction categories.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Beginning 2005, the official annual webpages (see References) provide more information: the panelists in each award category, the publisher of each finalist, some audio-visual interviews with authors, etc. For 1996 to date, annual webpages generally provide transcripts of acceptance speeches by winning authors.
  2. ^ The other three of four runners-up listed in New York Times coverage of the awards for 1937 were works of fiction, and Nonfiction was one of four award categories, so it is likely to call Lin Yutang, The Importance of Living runner up for the Nonfiction award.
    • That is not certain, for it does not match the NYT order of listing and mis-classification is possible. NYT lists four "close seconds" in order Conrad Richter, Sea of Grass; Kenneth Roberts, Northwest Passage; Lin Yutang, The Importance of Living; [Leo Rosten], The Education of Hyman Kaplan. Meanwhile, the four winners are identified by award category and listed in order Fiction, Nonfiction, Bookseller Discovery, Most Original. Both Sea of Grass and Northwest Passage are historical novels, which does not fit the second-listed category Nonfiction. The Importance of Living is nonfiction and also consistent with the third-listed winner, Bookseller Discovery. Hyman Kaplan is fiction and also consistent with the fourth-listed winner, Most Original.
  3. ^ a b Lewis Thomas, The Lives of a Cell, won both the Arts & Letters and Science awards in 1975.
  4. ^ a b In 1974 John Clive, Thomas Babington Macaulay, won both the History and Biography awards.
  5. ^ Boorstin published the third and final volume of The Americans in 1973 (The Americans: The Democratic Experience).
  6. ^ Freidel published the fourth and final folume of Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1973 (ending 1934).
  7. ^ "(new)" implies that the book was not previously eligible for a National Book Award. It does not imply a paperback original or first publication in simultaneous hard and paper editions. There may have been a first hardcover edition earlier and award-winning paperback edition later in the calendar year. • No book was a finalist for hardcover and paperback awards in the same year.
  8. ^ Wikipedia puts the book in genres "short-story cycle; historical fiction" and calls it a novel in her biography.
  9. ^ The National Book Foundation website mistakenly lists Peter Gay's The Enlightenment: An Interpretation. Gay won the 1967 Award in History and Biography for the first volume of that work, subtitled The Rise of Modern Paganism. The second and third volumes were published in 1969 (The Science of Freedom) and 1973 (A Comprehensive Anthology).
  10. ^ Patrick Tierney's book was later determined to be deliberately fraudulent.[83][55]

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