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2010 United States House of Representatives elections

The 2010 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 2, 2010, as part of the 2010 midterm elections during President Barack Obama's first term in office. Voters of the 50 U.S. states chose 435 U.S. Representatives to serve in the 112th United States Congress. Also, voters of the U.S. territories, commonwealths and District of Columbia chose their non-voting delegates.[b] U.S. Senate elections and various state and local elections were held on the same date.

Republicans regained control of the U.S. House they had lost in the 2006 midterm election, picking up a net total of 63 seats and erasing the gains Democrats made in 2006 and 2008. Although the sitting president's party usually loses seats in a midterm election, the 2010 election resulted in the highest losses by a party in a House midterm election since 1938,[6][7] as well as the largest House swing since 1948.[8] In total, 52 House Democrats were defeated, including 34 freshman and sophomore representatives.

Republicans made their largest gain in House seats since 1938.[9] Three Democratic committee chairmen were defeated: transportation chairman Jim Oberstar of Minnesota, armed services chairman Ike Skelton of Missouri, and budget chairman John Spratt of South Carolina. Democrats made three pick-ups, winning an open seat in Delaware and defeating Republican incumbents in Hawaii and Louisiana.

The heavy Democratic Party losses in 2010 were attributed to anger at President Obama, opposition to the Affordable Care Act and American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, large budget deficits, and the weak economy.[10][11][12]

This is the last election in which Democrats won a seat in Arkansas, and the last in which Republicans won more than one seat in Maryland, as well as both seats in New Hampshire.

Background

An anti-Pelosi "Boehner for Speaker" bumper sticker on a car window.

Following the 2006 elections, Democrats took control of the House as well as the Senate. In the 2008 elections, which coincided with Democrat Barack Obama's victory over Republican John McCain for the presidency, Democrats increased their majorities in both chambers. Of the 435 congressional districts, 242 were carried by Obama, while 193 voted for McCain. Of the districts Obama won, 34 elected a Republican to the House, while 49 of the districts McCain won elected a Democrat.[13]

Republican gains

The Republicans' 63-seat pickup in the House to take control of that chamber, as well as their gain of six Senate seats, signified a dramatic rollback of recent Democratic gains. In the election, Republicans won their greatest number of House seats since 1946.[14] This has been attributed to the continued economic recession, as well as President Obama's controversial stimulus and health care reform bills. Republicans also took control of 29 of the 50 state governorships and gained 690 seats in state legislatures, to hold their greatest number since the 1928 elections.[15]

Republicans also made historic gains in state legislatures, adding more than 675 state legislative seats, by far surpassing their state-legislative gains in 1994.[16][17] Republicans gained control of dozens of state legislative chambers,[16] and took control of "seven more legislatures outright than they did after 1994 and the most since 1952."[17] Republicans picked up control of the Alabama Legislature for the first time since Reconstruction; control of the North Carolina Senate for the first time since 1870; and control of the Minnesota Senate for the first time since the state returned to partisan elections in 1974.[16][17]

The Great Lakes region, which until then had recently favored the Democratic Party, went strongly Republican. In California and the Pacific Northwest, however, the Democrats retained the upper hand.[18] The biggest change in 2010 occurred in the Southeastern United States, which had previously been roughly evenly split between Democrats and Republicans for everything except for president. Just one white Democrat from the Deep South won reelection to the US House in 2010. Prior to 2010, many white conservative southerners had voted Republican for president, but Democratic for other offices.[19]

Results summary

Federal

Sources: House Clerk – Statistics of the Congressional Election, 2010

Voter demographics

Source: CNN exit poll[20]

Maps

Retiring incumbents

37 incumbents retired.

Democrats

17 incumbent Democrats retired.

Republicans

19 incumbent Republicans retired.

Incumbents defeated

There were nine Democrats who survived reelection in the 1994 Republican Revolution, but were defeated this year.

Lost renomination

Democrats

Two Democrats lost renomination. One seat was held by Democrats, while the other flipped to Republicans.

Republicans

Two Republicans lost renomination. Both seats were eventually held by Republicans.

Lost re-election

54 incumbents lost in the general election; all but two were Democrats. Many of the Democrats who lost had been initially elected in the Democratic wave years of 2006 and 2008, and several others were longtime incumbents from the southeast.[55]

Democrats

52 Democrats lost re-election.

Republicans

Two Republicans lost re-election.

Open seats that changed parties

Democratic seats won by Republicans

14 open seats, held by Democrats, were won by Republicans.

Republican seats won by Democrats

One open seat, held by a Republican, was won by a Democrat.

Closest races

Eighty-four races were decided by 10% or lower.

Election ratings

Special elections

There were six special elections in 2010 to the 111th United States Congress, listed here by date and district.

Alabama

Alabama's congressional districts

Alaska

Alaska's results

Arizona

Arizona's results

Arkansas

California

California's results

Colorado

Colorado's results

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Florida's results

Georgia

Georgia's results

Hawaii

Hawaii's results

Idaho

Idaho's results

Illinois

Illinois's results

Indiana

Indiana's results

Iowa

Iowa's results

Kansas

Kansas's results

Kentucky

Kentucky's results

Louisiana

Louisiana's results

Maine

Maine's results

Maryland

Massachusetts

Massachusetts's results

Michigan

Michigan's results

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Montana's results

Nebraska

Nevada

Nevada's results

New Hampshire

New Hampshire's results

New Jersey

New Jersey's results

New Mexico

New Mexico's results

New York

New York's results

North Carolina

North Carolina's results

North Dakota

North Dakota's results

Ohio

Ohio's results

Oklahoma

Oklahoma's results

Oregon

Oregon's results

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania's results

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Carolina's results

South Dakota

South Dakota's results

Tennessee

Tennessee's results

Texas

Texas's results

Utah

Utah's results

Vermont

Vermont's results

Virginia

Washington

Washington's results

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Wyoming's results

Non-voting delegates

The House of Representatives includes five Delegates from the District of Columbia and outlying territories elected to two-year terms and one Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico elected to a four-year term (for which the last election was held in 2008, so the seat was not up for reelection in 2010). These delegates are not allowed to vote on the floor of the House of Representatives.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In addition, five of the six non-voting delegates in the U.S. House of Representatives were elected.
  2. ^ The nonvoting delegates represent the District of Columbia; the territories of American Samoa, Guam and the Virgin Islands; and the commonwealths of the Northern Mariana Islands and Puerto Rico, see 48 U.S.C. § 16. They are all chosen biennially except for Puerto Rico's delegate, who is elected every four years and next faced reelection in 2012.
  3. ^ "tipping-point state"
  4. ^ Deal was originally elected as a Democrat. He switched parties in April 1995.
  5. ^ Griffith was first elected as a Democrat. He became a Republican in December 2008.
  6. ^ Alexander was first elected as a Democrat. He became a Republican in August 2004.
  7. ^ Hall was first elected as a Democrat. He became a Republican in January 2004.

References

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Further reading

External links