The Max Holste MH.1521 Broussard is a 1950s French six-seat utility monoplane designed by Max Holste to meet a French Army requirement.
Design and development
Following the end of the Second World War, Avions Max Holste designed and built a new two-seat trainer and tourer aircraft, the Max Holste MH.52, of which only small numbers were built. Holste then responded to a French Army requirement for an artillery spotter aircraft for a lightweight liaison and observation aircraft. The resulting design, the MH.152, had a fuselage based on that of the MH.52 and a high-mounted wing. It was powered by a 220 horsepower (160 kW) Salmson 8 As.04 engine and had an enclosed, fully-glazed cabin seating a pilot and four passengers. A prototype flew on 12 June 1951. While it demonstrated good short-field performance, the French Army's needs had changed, with it now requiring a robust utility aircraft similar to the de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver.[1][2]
Preserved MH-1521 Broussard at AirExpo in 2007
As a result, the company decided to develop a slightly larger version, the MH.1521 with the engine changed to a Pratt and Whitney Wasp Junior, which at 450 horsepower (340 kW) provided almost twice as much power and a slab-sided fuselage giving room for up to seven seats.[2][3][4] The MH.1521 is a braced high-wing monoplane with twin vertical tail surfaces. It has a fixed tailwheel landing gear and is powered by a nose-mounted Pratt & Whitney R-985 radial piston engine. It first flew on 17 November 1952.[4] It was later named the Broussard (lit. Man of the Bush, in the context of bush pilots rather than Bushmen). Its development was enthusiastically supported at a political level by WWII fighter ace and French war hero Pierre Clostermann, a close friend of Max Holste. Clostermann wrote a faction novel, "Leo 25 Airborne", based on his experiences flying Broussards with Escadrille ELO 3/45 in Algeria.
The first production aircraft made its maiden flight on 16 June 1954, and 363 were built before production ended in 1961.[5] Its similarity to the de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver in looks, capability and performance led it to be nicknamed "the French Beaver".
Operational history
It saw service in the Algerian War as an Army cooperation aircraft, with more than 150 deployed,[6] mostly as an artillery spotter and in an air supply/ambulance role, where its good short-field performance and resistance to ground fire were required. Its distinctive sound, made by its noisy radial engine and large propeller, was a disadvantage as the Algerian guerrillas could hear its approach long before other aircraft.
Following Algerian independence in 1963, the Algeria-based Broussards returned to France, where they were used for liaison aircraft, while many of France's surplus Broussards were transferred to newly independent ex-French colonies.[6] The Broussard remained in service with the French Air Force until December 1987, and with the French Army until December 1993, while the French Navy retired its last examples in 1996.[7] Civil-owned Broussards can still be seen in Denmark, France, the UK, and the United States being operated by enthusiasts or collectors.
It saw combat on Portuguese Guinea for the Portuguese Air Force as well during the independence war acting mostly as an artillery spotter and in an air supply/ambulance role also as observation plane, it was retired during the 60's when the newer Do-27 became available.
Variants
MH.152
First prototype of the Broussard series, powered by a Salmson 8 As.04 inverted V-8 engine.
MH.1521
Prototypes, five built plus two pre-production aircraft and 19 pre-production military variants.
MH.1521A
Aircraft modified for agricultural use.[8]
MH.1521C
Production for civil or non-French military customers, 36 built.[9]
MH.1521M
Production for French military, 319 built.[10]
MH.1522
Based on MH.1521, with full span leading-edge slats and double-slotted trailing edge flaps to improve stall performance. Prototype, modified from a pre-production aircraft, flown on 11 February 1958,[8][10] but later converted back to MH.1521 standard.[10]
MH.153
The prototype MH.152 powered by a Turbomeca Astazou turboprop engine. First flew in this form June 1957.[8]
G-CBGL (s/n 19) is located at Bruntingthorpe, United Kingdom.
LV-X769 (s/n 20) is registered as an experimental aircraft in Argentina. It's in flying conditions as of March 2024.
N4022 (s/n 22) US FAA registered to a German company but operating in California as of Oct 2018.[23]
'F-SCCB' (s/n 24) previously preserved as gate guard at Valence, France, dismantled & offered for sale as restoration project.
F-GGKH (s/n 32) is located in Pithiviers, France.[20]
F-GJLT (s/n 44C) Restoration work had begun but was halted because the fuselage was in such poor condition that it is now on display to the public during open days in Limoges (Town), France.
F-GFMN (s/n 86) is located in Limoges (Airport), France.[20]
^ a b c d e f g"Les Broussard survivants - Max Holste MH-1521 Broussard - MH-1521.fr". www.mh-1521.fr. Retrieved 2023-08-13.
^"Max Holste MH-1521-C1 "Le Broussard" s/n 6". Retrieved November 22, 2013.
^"Un avion d'époque convoyé jusqu'au lac Genin pour le film B&S2". belle-et-sebastien.e-monsite.com (in French). Retrieved 2023-08-13.
^"FAA REGISTRY N-Number Inquiry". FAA. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
^"AVIONS MAX HOLSTE MH 1521 BROUSSARD Serial number 118". Retrieved July 12, 2022.
^"1960 Max Holste MH-1521C-1 Broussard C/N 208". Retrieved November 22, 2013.
^"960 AVIONS MAX HOLSTE MH 1521 BROUSSARD Serial number 246". Retrieved April 23, 2018.
^"N-Number Inquiry Results". Retrieved November 22, 2013.
^Bridgman 1958, p. 158
Bibliography
Bridgman, Leonard R. V. (1952). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1952–53. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd.
Bridgman, Leonard R. V. (1953). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1953–54. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd.
Bridgman, Leonard (1958). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1958–59. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd.
Cooper, Tom; Weinert, Peter; Hinz, Fabian; Lepko, Mark (2011). African MiGs, Volume 2: Madagascar to Zimbabwe. Houston: Harpia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9825539-8-5.
Gaines, Mike (6 November 1982). "World Air Forces 1982". Flight International. Vol. 122, no. 3835. pp. 1327–1388. ISSN 0015-3710. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
Lopes, Mãrio Canongia (May–June 1998). "High-Winged Workhorses: Broussards and Dorniers in Portuguese Service". Air Enthusiast. No. 75. pp. 41–45. ISSN 0143-5450.
Mormillo, Frank B. (July–August 2001). "Alan's Colonial Warrior: A Broussard in the USA". Air Enthusiast. No. 94. pp. 60–61. ISSN 0143-5450.
Simpson, R.W. (1991). Airlife's General Aviation. England: Airlife Publishing. p. 176. ISBN 1-85310-194-X.
Simpson, Rob (Spring 2022). "France's Bushplane: The Max Holste Broussard". Air-Britain Aviation World. pp. 7–11. ISSN 1742-996X.
Taylor, John W. R. (1961). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1961–62. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company Ltd.
Taylor, John W. R. (1962). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962–63. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company Ltd.
Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions.
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982–1985). Orbis Publishing. p. 2436.
"The Royal Moroccan Air Force...A Seasoned Air Arm". Air International. Vol. 29, no. 5. November 1985. pp. 226–232, 250–252. ISSN 0306-5634.
External links
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