stringtranslate.com

List of people known as the Great

This is a list of people known as the Great, or the equivalent, in their own language. Other languages have their own suffixes, such as Persian e Bozorg and Hindustani e Azam.

In Persia, the title "the Great" at first seems to have been a colloquial version of the Old Persian title "Great King" (King of Kings, Shahanshah). It was first used by Cyrus II of Persia.[1] The title was inherited by Alexander III when he conquered the Persian Empire, and the epithet eventually became personally associated with him. The first reference to this is in a comedy by Plautus,[2] in which it is assumed that everyone knew who "Alexander the Great" was; however, there is no evidence that he was called "the Great" before this. The early Seleucid kings, who succeeded Alexander in Persia, used "Great King" in local documents, but the title was most notably used for Antiochus the Great. Once the term gained currency, it was broadened to include persons in other fields, such as the philosopher Albert the Great.

Later rulers and commanders were given the epithet during their lifetime, for example, the Roman general Pompey. Others received the title posthumously, such as the Indian emperor Ashoka. As there are no objective criteria for "greatness", the persistence of the designation varies greatly. For example, Louis XIV of France was often referred to as "the Great" in his lifetime, but is rarely called such nowadays, later writers preferring his more specific epithet "the Sun King". German Emperor Wilhelm I was often called "the Great" in the time of his grandson Wilhelm II, but rarely before or after.

Monarchs

Aristocrats

Military

Religious figures

Christian

Jewish

Legendary and mythological figures

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In this case James is styled "the Greater" to distinguish him from the Apostle James the Lesser, with greater meaning older or taller, rather than more important.

References

  1. ^ In a clay cylinder (online Archived 22 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine). The first Persian ruler to use the title in an Iranian context was Darius I of Persia (Darius the Great), in the Behistun Inscription (online Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine).
  2. ^ Plautus, Mostellaria 775.
  3. ^ Savory, Roger M. "ʿAbbās I". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  4. ^ Savory, R. M. (13 July 2011). "ʿABBĀS I". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. I. pp. 71–75. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  5. ^ "Jalal al-Din Muhammad Akbar (Akbar the Great)". British Museum.
  6. ^ Monika Khanna (2011). Ashoka, the Great: The Great Reformist Emperor of India. Farsight Publishers & Distributors. ISBN 978-81-89297-75-6.
  7. ^ Flora Shaw (23 December 2010). A Tropical Dependency: An Outline of the Ancient History of the Western Soudan with an Account of the Modern Settlement of Northern Nigeria. Cambridge University Press. p. 199. ISBN 978-1-108-02492-1.
  8. ^ "Barnim III Wielki". PWN.pl. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
  9. ^ "Książę wołogoski i słupski Bogusław V Wielki (1317–1374)". Zamek Książąt Pomorskich w Szczecinie.
  10. ^ Patrick J. Geary (2010). Readings in Medieval History. University of Toronto Press. pp. 642–. ISBN 978-1-4426-0120-8.
  11. ^ Asiatic Society of Bengal (1840). Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Soc. p. 533.
  12. ^ Bernard Lewis; Charles Pellat (1982). The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill. p. 298. ISBN 9789004067127.
  13. ^ Korean Culture and Information Service Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (15 January 2015). FACTS ABOUT KOREA: South korea, Past and Present. 길잡이미디어. pp. 191–. ISBN 978-89-7375-584-4.
  14. ^ Bracey, Robert (2017). "The Date of Kanishka since 1960 (Indian Historical Review, 2017, 44(1), 1-41)". Indian Historical Review. 44: 1–41.
  15. ^ Bury, J. B. (1958) [1889]. "Chapter X: the reign of Leo I". History of the Later Roman Empire. Vol. 1. New York: Dover Publications. pp. 323, note 1. ISBN 978-0-486-14338-5. After the coronation of the child the two Leos would be distinguished as Λέων ὁ Μέγας and Λέων ὁ Μικρός, and this I believe, must be the origin of the designation of Leo as "the Great"; just as reversely Theodosius II. was called "the Small," because in his infancy he had been known as ὁ μικρός βασιλεύς to distinguish him from Arcadius. Leo never did anything which could conceivably earn him the title of Great in the sense in which it was bestowed by posterity on Alexander or Constantine.
  16. ^ Nowé, 174.
  17. ^ Daryaee, Touraj (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History. Oxford University Press. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-19-987575-7. Archived from the original on 1 January 2019.
  18. ^ Sack, Ronald H. (2004). Images of Nebuchadnezzar: The Emergence of a Legend (2nd Revised and Expanded ed.). Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press. ISBN 1-57591-079-9., p. 41
  19. ^ Lloyd, John Edward (2004). A History of Wales: From the Norman Invasion to the Edwardian Conquest. Barnes & Noble. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-7607-5241-8.
  20. ^ Datta, Nonica (2003). Indian History: Ancient and medieval. Vol. 1. Mumbai: Encyclopaedia Britannica (India) and Popular Prakashan. p. 220. ISBN 8179910679.
  21. ^ Vjekoslav Klaić (1972). Povijest Hrvata od najstarijih vremena do svršetka XIX stoljeća. Nakladni zavod Matice hrvatske. p. 129.
  22. ^ Sulak Sivaraksa (1985). Siamese Resurgence: A Thai Buddhist Voice on Asia and a World of Change. Asian Cultural Forum on Development. p. 175.
  23. ^ "Ramses". Webster's New World College Dictionary. Wiley Publishing. 2004. Archived from the original on 24 January 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
  24. ^ Subtelny, Orest. Ukraine: A History. [page needed]
  25. ^ "Sargon inscriptions". cdli.ucla.edu.
  26. ^ Thomas Schneider: Lexikon der Pharaonen. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3, p. 276.
  27. ^ Günter Dreyer: "Horus Krokodil: Ein Gegenkönig der Dynastie 0". In: Renee Friedman, Barbara Adams: The Followers of Horus: Studies dedicated to Michael Allen Hoffman, 1949–1990. Oxford 1992, ISBN 0-946897-44-1, pp. 259–263.
  28. ^ Peter Kaplony: Die Inschriften der ägyptischen Frühzeit. Bd. 2 (= Ägyptologische Abhandlungen. Bd. 8, 2). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1963, p. 1090.
  29. ^ Christoph Bluth; Gareth Schott (2007). Korea. Polity. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-7456-3356-5.
  30. ^ R. J. Crampton (24 November 2005). A Concise History of Bulgaria. Cambridge University Press. p. 270. ISBN 978-1-139-44823-9.
  31. ^ Walker, Robin; Millar, Siaf (1999), The West African Empire of Songhai in 10 Easy Lessons By Robin Walker, Siaf Millar, Concept Learning, ISBN 9781903181003, retrieved 5 June 2021
  32. ^ Havlík, Lubomír E. (2013). Kronika o Velké Moravě [Chronicle of Great Moravia]. Jota. p. 362. ISBN 978-80-85617-04-7.
  33. ^ Gerald W. Fry; Gayla S. Nieminen; Harold E. Smith (8 August 2013). Historical Dictionary of Thailand. Scarecrow Press. p. 401. ISBN 978-0-8108-7525-8.
  34. ^ Rapp, Stephen H. (2003). Studies In Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts. Leuven: Peeters. p. 338. ISBN 90-429-1318-5.
  35. ^ Cooley, Alison E. (2012). The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy. Cambridge University Press. p. 506. ISBN 978-0-521-84026-2.
  36. ^ Ghazarian, Jacob G. The Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia during the Crusades: The Integration of Cilician Armenians with the Latins (1080–1393).
  37. ^ "Ancient Egypt's Greatest Warrior: TuthmosIs The 3rd - Egypt's Napoleon (Full History Documentary)". dokus4free. 18 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
  38. ^ Manaseryan, Ruben (2007). Տիգրան Մեծ՝ Հայկական Պայքարը Հռոմի և Պարթևաստանի Դեմ, մ.թ.ա. 94–64 թթ. [Tigran the Great: The Armenian Struggle Against Rome and Parthia, 94–64 B.C.] (in Armenian). Yerevan: Lusakan Publishing. p. needed.
  39. ^ Beate Dignas; Engelbert Winter (13 September 2007). Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity: Neighbours and Rivals. Cambridge University Press. pp. 180–. ISBN 978-0-521-84925-8.
  40. ^ Lester B. Orfield (1953). The Growth of Scandinavian Law. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 38–. ISBN 978-1-58477-180-7.
  41. ^ Thomas Banchich; Eugene Lane (26 January 2009). The History of Zonaras: From Alexander Severus to the Death of Theodosius the Great. Routledge. pp. 261–. ISBN 978-1-134-42473-3.
  42. ^ Dasharatha Sharma (1959). Early Chauhān Dynasties. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass. p. 65. ISBN 9780842606189.
  43. ^ Mike Dixon-Kennedy (1998). Encyclopedia of Russian and Slavic Myth and Legend. ABC-CLIO. p. 239. ISBN 978-1-57607-063-5.
  44. ^ Giedrė Mickūnaitė (2006). Making a Great Ruler: Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania. Central European University Press. pp. 4–. ISBN 978-963-7326-58-5.
  45. ^ Jacob Abbott (1850). History of Xerxes the Great. Harper & Brothers, publishers.
  46. ^ Robert J. Sharer; Loa P. Traxler (2006). The Ancient Maya. Stanford University Press. pp. 381–. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9.
  47. ^ Āl Maktūm, Muḥammad ibn Rāshid (2012). Spirit of the union: lecture on the occasion of the United Arab Emirates' fortieth national day. Dubai (United Arab Emirates): Motivate Publishing. p. 34. ISBN 9781860633300.
  48. ^ Hasan, Mohibbul (26 September 2023). Kashmir Under the Sultans. London: Routledge. p. 71. doi:10.4324/9781032666709. ISBN 978-1-032-66670-9.
  49. ^ "Arnulf I, Count of Flanders". British Museum.
  50. ^ Brian D. Starr (2006). Tree of Saints. Brian Daniel Starr. pp. 121–. ISBN 978-1-4196-3302-7.
  51. ^ "Konrad Markgraf von Meißen und der Niederlausitz". ADB. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  52. ^ Thompson, 486. Also see Lexikon des Mittelalters. Archived 1 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  53. ^ Who's Who in The Roman World, Routledge retrieved 15 March 2011
  54. ^ Picard, Life and Death of Carthage (1968), at 264, 286.
  55. ^ Cf., Warmington, Carthage (1960, 1964), at 119.
  56. ^ Pierre Riché, The Carolingians; A Family who Forged Europe, Trans. Michael Idomir Allen (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1993), pp.250–1
  57. ^ "Stela of the Gatekeeper Maati". Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  58. ^ Melville M. Bigelow, "The Bohun Wills," American Historical Review, 1:3 (1896), 415.
  59. ^ JmLeach, John. Pompey the Great'). p. 29.
  60. ^ Bautier, Robert-Henri (1985). "Anne de Kiev, reine de France, et la politque royale au XIe siècle: Étude critique de la documentation". Revue des études slaves. 57 (4): 539–64. doi:10.3406/slave.1985.5520.
  61. ^ Januszajtis, Andrzej. "Sławni Gdańszczanie: Świętopełk II Wielki". Nasz Gdańsk.
  62. ^ Bachrach, Bernard S. (1993). Fulk Nerra, the Neo-Roman Consul, 987–1040. University of California Press.
  63. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. (1 May 2008). Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-59339-492-9.
  64. ^ The name comes from Arabic malīh meaning "beautiful", "fine". Melias is probably the Malikh al-Armani of Arab chroniclers. Whittow, Mark (1996). The Making of Byzantium, 600–1025. Berkeley: University of California. p. 315. ISBN 0520204964.
  65. ^ Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Procopius, Andrew" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
  66. ^ Butler, Alban. "St. Abraham, Hermit", The Lives of the Saints, Vol.III, 1866
  67. ^ Weisheipl, James A. (1980), "The Life and Works of St. Albert the Great", in Weisheipl, James A. (ed.), Albertus Magnus and the Sciences: Commemorative Essays, Studies and texts, vol. 49, Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, p. 46, ISBN 978-0-88844-049-5
  68. ^ Endsjø, Dag Øistein (2008). Primordial landscapes, Incorruptible Bodies. New York: Peter Lang Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4331-0181-6.
  69. ^ Clifford, Cornelius. "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Athanasius". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  70. ^ Bowersock et al. (1999), p.336
  71. ^ Religious Drama and Ecclesiastical Reform in the Tenth Century, James H. Forse, Early Theatre, Vol. 5, No. 2 (2002), 48.
  72. ^ "Bossert, Sr. Evangela. "St. Gertrude of Helfta", Monastery of St. Gertrude, Cottonwood, Idaho". Archived from the original on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  73. ^ Huddleston, Gilbert (1909). "Pope St. Gregory I ("the Great")" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company.Gregory had come to be known as 'the Great' by the late ninth century, a title which is still applied to him. See John Moorhead, Gregory the Great, (Routledge, 2005), p1
  74. ^ "Catholic Encyclopedia: St. James the Greater".
  75. ^ Treadgold, Warren (January 2002). "Photius Before His Patriarchate". Journal of Ecclesiastical History. 53: 1–17. doi:10.1017/S0022046901008727. S2CID 162542349 – via Cambridge.
  76. ^ "John Paul the Great Catholic University". Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  77. ^ "Our History". Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
  78. ^ "John Paul the Great Academy – Lafayette, LA". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.
  79. ^ Beabout, Gregory; Carter, Daniel. "Two Cheers for Democracy from St. John Paul the Great: Rhonheimer, Kraynak, and the Unfinished Agenda of Dignitatis Humanae". Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  80. ^ Davis, SJ, Leo Donald (1990). The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325–787): Their History and Theology (Theology and Life Series 21). Collegeville, MN: Michael Glazier/Liturgical Press. pp. 342. ISBN 978-0-8146-5616-7.
  81. ^ "Μνήμη τοῦ ὁσίου πατρός ἠμῶν Μακαρίου τοῦ Αἰγυπτίου τοῦ ἀναχωρητοῦ" [Our father Makarios of Egypt the Anchorite, of blessed memory]. Apostoliki Diakonia: Eorlogio (in Greek). Apostoliki Diakonia (Apostolic Auxiliary) of the Holy Synod of the Church of Greece. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
  82. ^ Wright, A short history of Syriac literature, p.250, n.4, referencing Bar Hebraeus, Chron. Eccles., vol. 1, 537.
  83. ^ Will Durant. The Age of Faith. New York, New York, USA: Simon and Schuster, 1972. Chapter 21: Christianity in Conflict, p. 517-51
  84. ^ White, Despina Stratoudaki (1981). "The Life of Patriarch Photios". Patriarch Photios of Constantinople, His Life, Scholarly Contributions, and Correspondence, Together with a Translation of Fifty-two of His Letters. Holy Cross Orthodox Press. ISBN 978-0-91658626-3. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  85. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "AARON BEN JACOB OF KARLIN". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  86. ^ Pirkei Avot 2:8; Avot of Rabbi Natan 6:3
  87. ^ Avot of Rabbi Natan 14:5
  88. ^ "HIYYA BAR ABBA - JewishEncyclopedia.com". www.jewishencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  89. ^ "Salamis The Island" Salamis The Island – Salamina Municipality – Greek Island
  90. ^ Delamarre, Xavier. Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise, Editions Errance, Paris, 2003, pp. 70–72.
  91. ^ Sima Qian. Records of the Grand Historian. Translated by William H. Nienhauser as The Grand Scribe's Records: The Basic Annals of Pre-Han China. Indiana University Press, 1994.
  92. ^ Gōsh, Mkhitʻar (2000). The Lawcode (Datastanagirk') of Mxit'ar Goš. Rodopi. p. 112. ISBN 9789042007901. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  93. ^ ""ตำนานพระเจ้าพรหม" วีรบุรุษของโยนกล้านนา" ["King Phrom Legend" hero of Singhanavati Lanna Kingdom]. Chiangmainews (in Thai). 8 January 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  94. ^ Wang Quangen 王泉根, (1993). Huaxia Quming Yishu 華夏取名藝術. (Taipei: Zhishu-fang Chuban Jituan 知書房出版集團), 42.
  95. ^ Siam Qi. Records of the Grand Historian. Translated by William H. Nienhauser as The Grand Scribe's Records: The Basic Annals of Antiquity. Indiana University Press, 1994.