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List of alismatid families

"a large inflorescence"
Titan arum
"tiny plants"
Duckweed; each speck is an individual plant.

The alismatid monocots are a group of 15 interrelated families of flowering plants, named for their largest order, Alismatales.[a] Like other monocots, they usually have a single embryonic leaf (cotyledon) in their seeds, scattered vascular systems, leaves with parallel veins, flowers with parts in threes or multiples of three, and roots that can develop in more than one place along the stems.[6] The alismatids have adapted to thrive in oceans, temperate zones, deserts, the tropics, and even glacial regions.[7]

Like the earliest monocots, many of the alismatid monocots are aquatic, and some grow completely submerged. Apart from the sweet-flag family of wetlands plants, all the alismatid families are in Alismatales. Some of the plants in this order are invasive aquatic weeds that can disrupt and destabilize ecosystems. Others grow in a variety of habitats, especially plants in the aroid family. This family includes the titan arum, with the world's largest unbranched inflorescence, and also the world's smallest flowering plant, duckweed.[2][5][8][9]

Glossary

From the glossary of botanical terms:

The APG IV system is the fourth in a series of plant taxonomies from the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.[2] In this system, the alismatids are basal within the monocots.[8][11]

Alismatid families

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The taxonomy (classification) in this list follows Plants of the World (2017)[1] and the fourth Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system.[2] Total counts of genera for each family come from Plants of the World Online.[3] (See the POWO license.) Extinct taxa are not included. The monocots as a whole are the plants responsible for most of the global agricultural output, including those in the grass, palm, banana, ginger, asparagus, pineapple, sedge and onion families.[4][5]
  2. ^ Each family's formal name ends in the Latin suffix -aceae and is derived from the name of a genus that is or once was part of the family.[13]
  3. ^ Some plants were named for naturalists (unless otherwise noted).
  4. ^ See Photosynthesis#C3 : C4 photosynthesis research for the chemistry of C4 photosynthesis.

Citations

  1. ^ Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017.
  2. ^ a b c Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016.
  3. ^ POWO.
  4. ^ Givnish et al. 2010, p. 585.
  5. ^ a b Royal Botanic Gardens.
  6. ^ Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, pp. 115–116.
  7. ^ Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, pp. 115–131.
  8. ^ a b c Stevens 2023.
  9. ^ Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, pp. 117–120.
  10. ^ Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, pp. 638–670.
  11. ^ Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, pp. 10, 117.
  12. ^ Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, pp. 117–131.
  13. ^ ICN, art. 18.
  14. ^ Stevens 2023, Summary of APG IV.
  15. ^ a b c Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, p. 117.
  16. ^ Coombes 2012, p. 30.
  17. ^ Stearn 2002, p. 30.
  18. ^ POWO, Acoraceae.
  19. ^ a b c Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, p. 122.
  20. ^ Coombes 2012, p. 36.
  21. ^ Stearn 2002, p. 38.
  22. ^ IPNI, Alismataceae, Type.
  23. ^ POWO, Alismataceae.
  24. ^ a b POWO, Alismataceae, Flora of Tropical East Africa.
  25. ^ a b c Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, p. 126.
  26. ^ Stearn 2002, p. 48.
  27. ^ POWO, Aponogetonaceae.
  28. ^ POWO, Aponogetonaceae, Flora of Somalia.
  29. ^ POWO, Araceae, Neotropikey.
  30. ^ Coombes 2012, p. 52.
  31. ^ Stearn 2002, p. 53.
  32. ^ IPNI, Araceae, Type.
  33. ^ a b Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, pp. 118–120.
  34. ^ POWO, Araceae.
  35. ^ POWO, Rapateaceae, Flora of West Tropical Africa.
  36. ^ a b c Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, p. 123.
  37. ^ Coombes 2012, p. 72.
  38. ^ Stearn 2002, p. 73.
  39. ^ POWO, Butomaceae.
  40. ^ POWO, Butomaceae, Flora of Tropical East Africa.
  41. ^ a b c d Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, p. 131.
  42. ^ Burkhardt 2018, p. C-77.
  43. ^ IPNI, Cymodoceaceae, Type.
  44. ^ POWO, Cymodoceaceae.
  45. ^ POWO, Cymodoceaceae, Flora of Somalia.
  46. ^ a b c Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, pp. 123–125.
  47. ^ Stearn 2002, p. 170.
  48. ^ IPNI, Hydrocharitaceae, Type.
  49. ^ POWO, Hydrocharitaceae.
  50. ^ a b c d e Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, pp. 126–127.
  51. ^ USDA, Juncaginaceae, Type.
  52. ^ POWO, Juncaginaceae.
  53. ^ POWO, Juncaginaceae, Flora of Tropical East Africa.
  54. ^ a b c Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, p. 127.
  55. ^ Burkhardt 2018, p. M-34.
  56. ^ POWO, Maundiaceae.
  57. ^ a b c d e f Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, p. 130.
  58. ^ Burkhardt 2018, p. P-60.
  59. ^ POWO, Posidoniaceae.
  60. ^ a b c d Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, pp. 128–129.
  61. ^ Stearn 2002, p. 247.
  62. ^ IPNI, Potamogetonaceae, Type.
  63. ^ POWO, Potamogetonaceae.
  64. ^ POWO, Potamogetonaceae, Flora of Tropical East Africa.
  65. ^ Burkhardt 2018, p. R-55.
  66. ^ POWO, Ruppiaceae.
  67. ^ POWO, Ruppiaceae, Neotropikey.
  68. ^ a b c Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, p. 125.
  69. ^ Burkhardt 2018, p. S-22.
  70. ^ POWO, Scheuchzeriaceae.
  71. ^ a b c Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, p. 121.
  72. ^ Burkhardt 2018, p. T-26.
  73. ^ USDA, Tofieldiaceae, Type.
  74. ^ POWO, Tofieldiaceae.
  75. ^ POWO, Tofieldiaceae, Neotropikey.
  76. ^ a b c d e Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, pp. 127–128.
  77. ^ IPNI, Zosteraceae, Type.
  78. ^ POWO, Zosteraceae.
  79. ^ POWO, Zosteraceae, Neotropikey.

References