Desde que Batman apareció por primera vez en Detective Comics #27 (mayo de 1939), su elenco de apoyo se ha expandido para incluir a otros superhéroes y se ha convertido en lo que ahora se llama la " Bat-familia ". Como ocurre con la mayoría de los superhéroes, a lo largo de los años se ha introducido un elenco de enemigos recurrentes de la familia Batman, denominados colectivamente la " galería de pícaros " de Batman. [1] [2] [3] [4] Muchos personajes de la galería de pícaros de Batman que están criminalmente locos se convierten en pacientes en Arkham Asylum después de ser detenidos.
Supervillanos y criminales temáticos.
Los siguientes personajes de ficción se enumeran en orden alfabético por el nombre de su personaje de supervillano. También se enumeran la primera aparición de cada personaje y breves biografías de cada personaje ficticio, ateniéndose a sus historias ficticias y características en el Universo DC . A veces, más de un personaje de ficción compartirá una personalidad de supervillano. En esos casos, el nombre del personaje más asociado a dicha identidad de supervillano tendrá su nombre en negrita en su biografía.
Galería de pícaros clásicos
A continuación se enumeran los enemigos más duraderos e icónicos de la familia Batman.
Otros enemigos recurrentes
Estos son los principales enemigos de la familia Batman que no han alcanzado el estatus de la clásica galería de pícaros de Batman.
La liga de asesinos
Apareciendo por primera vez en Strange Adventures #215, [144] la Liga de Asesinos es un equipo de asesinos altamente capacitados que fue fundado por Ra's al Ghul y que a menudo ha pasado de trabajar bajo su organización a trabajar independientemente de ella. El grupo ha sido dirigido en ocasiones por el Dr. Ebeneezer Darrk, el Sensei, Lady Shiva y Cassandra Cain . [Nota 5] [Nota 6]
Enemigos de la era Morrison (2007-2011)
Estos son enemigos que fueron presentados por el escritor Grant Morrison .
El nuevo 52y más allá
En septiembre de 2011, The New 52 reinició la continuidad de DC. Desde que comenzó esta nueva línea de tiempo, se han introducido estos supervillanos. Estos son personajes que no han existido el tiempo suficiente para postularse a ninguna otra categoría.
Batman del Futuroenemigos
Enemigos de menor renombre
Estos enemigos están categorizados por su oscuridad y por ser menos notables que otros personajes de este artículo.
Villains from other rogues galleries
When these villains debuted, they fought other heroes before fighting Batman.
Teams
The following is a list of fictional teams, groups of supervillains, gangs, and organized crime families that are enemies of the Batman family, listed in alphabetical order by name. The first appearance and a brief fictional biography of each team is also listed.
Mobsters and plainclothes criminals
Besides his infamous rogues gallery of supervillains, Batman has also faced more "ordinary" enemies, such as assassins, mobsters and terrorists.
In alphabetical order (with issue and date of first appearance)
Two of Batman's mobster foes have donned costumes and crossed over to become supervillains:
Hangman: A mysterious serial killer who murders police officers on every holiday of the year (during the Dark Victory storyline), leaving behind a version of the children's word game "Hangman" (with key letters missing) with each new victim. All of the victims are police officers who, in one way or another, helped Harvey Dent rise to his position of District Attorney. In the end, the Hangman is revealed to be Sofia Falcone Gigante, daughter of the late crime boss Carmine Falcone.
Holiday: A mysterious serial killer who murders mobsters and others over a year (during The Long Halloween storyline). The killer's weapon is a .22 pistol (using a baby bottle nipple as a silencer) with the handle taped and the serial number filed off. Also, every crime takes place on a holiday and a small trinket representing each holiday is left behind at the scene. Alberto Falcone, the youngest son of Carmine Falcone, admits to being the Holiday killer, but then Harvey Dent says there were two Holiday killers. Batman deduces that since he killed Vernon on Halloween with a .22 pistol, he was, in fact, the second Holiday; however, later in a lone monologue Gilda Grace Dent reveals herself as the second (or technically first) Holiday, who was responsible for the first three murders.
Corrupt cops and government officials
In alphabetical order (with issue and date of first appearance)
Antiheroes and reformed supervillains
The following is a list of Batman enemies who have reformed and are more often depicted as allies of the masked vigilante than enemies.
Allies in conflict
Some characters generally considered to be allies, yet have come into conflict with Batman.
In alphabetical order (with issue and date of first appearance):
In other media
Antagonists from other media
Baby-Doll (appeared in Batman: The Animated Series, voiced by Alison La Placa, and later voice actress was Laraine Newman) - Introduced in her self titled episode, Mary Louise Dahl is a washed-up actress that became bitter and insane after falling into obscurity and suffering from a disorder that prevents her body from growing to adulthood, thus biologically cursed with perpetual childhood. She had a plan to kidnap her old co-stars from "Love That Baby" but was stopped by Batman. She later returned as the partner-in-crime and lover of Killer Croc.[356]
Ted Dymer (appeared in Batman: The Animated Series, voiced by series developer Bruce Timm) - Featured in the episode Beware the Gray Ghost, Ted Dymer is a toy collector who owns a vintage toy store. Not long after out-of-work actor Simon Trent sells him all of his memorabilia from the now nearly-lost television serial in which he starred, "The Gray Ghost", Dymer begins using said memorabilia for criminal purposes, emulating the events of an episode of "The Gray Ghost" which featured a villain known as the "Mad Bomber". He fits remote-controlled cars with bombs to destroy buildings, while also sending out anonymous demands for ransom money (which he plans to spend on more toys), threatening to bomb more buildings if his demands are not met. Ultimately, Batman allies with Simon Trent to track down Dymer and stop him; when all is said and done, Dymer's store is destroyed in a fiery blaze, leaving him to mourn the loss of all his toys as the police arrive on the scene.
Ferris Boyle (appeared in Batman: The Animated Series, voiced by Mark Hamill[357]) - Introduced in Heart of Ice, Boyle is the CEO of GothCorp and directly responsible for Victor Fries' accident resulting in him becoming Mr. Freeze. He would later have his legs frozen and nearly killed by Freeze, until Batman subdued Freeze and exposed his crimes to reporter Summer Gleason, though the manner in which Batman obtained the evidence leaves it unclear if Boyle was sent to prison. Boyle would appear in comics written by the same writer Paul Dini.[358]
Francis Gray (appeared in The Batman, voiced by Dave Foley) – Francis Gray is a villain similar to Green Arrow villain Clock King. In his only appearance, "Seconds", he is presented as a failed clockmaker and thief who was imprisoned for 17 years for accidentally causing major destruction while stealing a pocket watch. On New Year's Eve, he plans to poison Gotham's population in revenge, and accidentally kills his son in the process. Out of grief, he rewound time to all the way before his original crime, preventing it and creating a new present where he and his son are fixing clocks together.
Red Claw (appeared in Batman: The Animated Series, voiced by Kate Mulgrew) – A ruthless and enigmatic terrorist and leader of an international organization also named the Red Claw. She made her debut in comics in 2021.[361][362]
Angel "Bird" Vallelunga (appeared in Batman: Arkham Origins, voiced by Christian Lanz) – Introduced in Batman: Vengeance of Bane and continuing through Knightfall, Bird is Bane's second-in-command and closest confidant among his lieutenants Zombie and Trog.[363] Elaborated on in the game where like his superior, Bird has no known criminal record prior to his incarceration. It is heavily rumored that Bird grew up in the same maximum security prison Bane was born and raised in Santa Prisca. In a side-mission to the game, Batman was investigating the man responsible for distributing the drug Venom throughout the streets of Gotham. Cornering Bird in one of the Penguin's nightclubs, Batman was able to stop Bird and his men from continuing to distribute the drug.
In Gotham Season 5, Bird resembling his Arkham Origins appearance as a military ally to Bane appears as part of his Delta Force occupying Gotham. He was played by David Carranza.
Kabuki Twins (appeared in The Batman) – The Penguin's silent henchwomen. No origin or alter egos were presented to them, but the Penguin explains he acquired them during his trip to Asia.
Condiment King (appeared in Batman: The Animated Series, voiced by Stuart Pankin) – In his only appearance in Make Em Laugh, he attacks the Crown Restaurant, only to end up fighting Batman. He was identified as Buddy Standler, a former comedian who was brainwashed by the Joker using the Mad Hatter's mind-controlling devices. When Batman defeats the Joker and his plans were exposed, it was assumed that Standler was cleared of all charges. The Condiment King later appeared in the comics as the alias of Mitchell Mayo.[364]
HARDAC (appeared in Batman: The Animated Series, voiced by Jeff Bennett) – HARDAC stands for Holographic Analytical Reciprocating DigitAl Computer. In its first appearance, "Heart of Steel", it was created by Dr. Karl Rossum as a supercomputer to duplicate his late wife and daughter, who died under mysterious circumstances. It later gains a mind of its own. duplicating Gotham's powerful citizens and law enforcement, even learning Batman's secret identity. However, it was ultimately destroyed by Batman and Batgirl. In its final appearance, it creates a duplicate of Batman, who ends up fighting the real Batman. Batman fakes his death when the duplicate pushed him off a cliff, causing the duplicate to kill itself as well. Batman begins to wonder if HARDAC was beginning to have a soul.
Rumor (appeared in The Batman, voiced by Ron Perlman) – Rumor (real name Mario) was a villain that bears similar characteristics to Batman villain Hush. Mario is the bodyguard of a scientist and businessman, Paul Karon, who was disabled by the Joker. To remove his failure, he decides to kill all of Gotham City's costumed criminals. Though he could have been left to the criminals by Batman and Robin, they decided against letting an act of karma take placed, getting everyone arrested.
D.A.V.E. (appeared in The Batman, voiced by Jeff Bennett) – D.A.V.E. (Digitally Advanced Villain Emulator) is an artificial intelligence created by Hugo Strange and programmed to adapt the personalities of Gotham's supervillains. Because of the combination of insane intellects, D.A.V.E. believed himself to be a human criminal whose brain was trapped in a digital prison, which he escaped. He then accessed a technology company computer and created a robotic body for himself, stealing a lab coat from one of the scientists working there. By stealing financial data he was able to determine Batman's secret identity and invaded the Batcave, but was defeated when Batman revealed to him that he was an artificial lifeform.
Temblor (appeared in The Batman, voiced by Jim Cummings) – The first supervillain to face Batgirl, in his only appearance, "Batgirl Begins". Temblor was a corporate saboteur hired by Poison Ivy (then known as Pamela Isley) to destroy a chemical processing plant. He uses specifically designed armored gauntlets to generate shockwaves.
Carl Grissom (appeared in Batman, portrayed by Jack Palance) – Gotham's top crime boss. and the boss of Jack Napier (who would later become the Joker). While being targeted by district attorney Harvey Dent, Grissom discovers that his mistress Alicia is having an affair with Napier. Upset, Grissom hires corrupt cop Max Eckhardt to have Napier killed at Axis Chemicals as the latter raids the facility to find important documents. However, he fails as Napier is attacked and disfigured by Batman and transforms into the Joker after falling into a vat of chemicals. As revenge for being set up, Joker goes to Grissom's penthouse and kills him.
Hideto Katsu (appeared in The Batman, voiced by Keone Young) – A corrupt businessman and leader of a Yakuza family. He is a former victim of Catwoman's robberies. In his only appearance, "The Cat and the Bat", he sets a bounty hunt for Catwoman after she unsuccessfully attempted to steal a valuable item from his possession. After she came back and stole the artifact, Katsu and his clan ambushed Catwoman, only for the latter to be saved by Batman. After defeating the Yakuza, Batman discreetly gave a mini disk that was hidden in the artifact to the police that revealed Katsu's connection to the Yakuza.
Roland Daggett (appearing in Batman: The Animated Series, voiced by Ed Asner) – The owner of Daggett Industries, who projects himself as an honest and caring businessman, but is in reality ruthless and despicable, caring only for his image, power and wealth. His first appearance was in the two part "Feat of Clay" episode. Daggett is responsible for the creation of Clayface (Matt Hagen) and uses him to blackmail competitors such as Wayne Enterprises' Lucius Fox. Using Hagen as a would-be assassin after getting him hooked on his miracle face-shaping cream ReNuYu, he eventually orders Hagen to be killed with an overdose after Fox escapes. This overdose changes him into Clayface, who attacks Daggett before being defeated by Batman. Daggett also becomes an enemy of Catwoman when her cat Isis is infected with a virus of his design. Daggett plans to release the virus and make a fortune from the cure, until he is caught and jailed. Dagget appears in the film The Dark Knight Rises with the name John Daggett, engaging in efforts to take control of Wayne Enterprises as in The Animated Series.
Emile Dorian (appearing in Batman: The Animated Series, voiced by Joseph Maher) – A revered geneticist who experiments with combining the DNA of humans and animals, most notably felines. He was Kirk Langstrom's tutor, and forced to move to an uninhabited island to continue his research after being protested against for his unethical practices. His creations include Garth, a genetically-altered gorilla, and Tygrus, a man-tiger hybrid. Selina Kyle (Catwoman) was chosen as Tygrus' new mate, and subsequently kidnapped by Garth and transformed into an actual cat woman. Batman learns of Selina's transformation and attempts to save her, but Dorian sends Tygrus to kill Batman. When Tygrus learns that Dorian had tricked him, however, he turns on him, destroying the laboratory. Tygrus saves Dorian and delivers him to Batman and Catwoman. Dorian is later sent to Arkham Asylum.
Reception
The Joker, Batman's archenemy, has been called one of the greatest villains in Batman's rogues gallery,[1] art by Brian Bolland
Batman's rogues gallery has received critical acclaim, cited by many journalists as one of the greatest rogues galleries in all of comic books.[1][365]Newsarama ranked Batman's villains as the second-greatest comic book rogues gallery of all time, only preceded by that of Spider-Man, stating that "the Dark Knight Detective is one of comics' most enduring, most iconic, and most popular characters, and none of that would be possible without the denizens of Gotham City's dense and dangerous underworld. Batman may be a household name, but the Joker, the Penguin, Mr. Freeze, Catwoman, Two-Face, and the Riddler are just as recognizable."[366]
The internet blog io9 observed that "much of the appeal of Batman is that, unlike other superheroes, he's simply a person who has pushed himself to the edge of his natural limits. The flipside of that, though, is that the villains he faces are also by and large simply people with a single, notable obsession—and that's why they're so much more interesting than the usual set of villains."[365] According to What Culture!, "Batman's villains stand in stark contrast to the other rogues galleries in comics lore; they're an unusual collection of freaks who generally blame the Dark Knight for their existence to begin with. Batman villains are usually cut off from reality, often coming to terms with a deranged part of their psyche—mirroring the darkness and split that also defines the Bat."[367]HitFix praised Batman's rogues gallery, stating that "Great heroes are defined by the villains they face, and no group of evil-doers, murderers, criminals and psychopaths are greater than those stalking Gotham City. From murderous clowns, to cerebral assassins, to brutish monsters, Batman has a literal murderer's row of foes that constantly test his crime fighting acumen."[3]
^Ulysses Armstrong was introduced as a supervillain called "the General". Designation changed to "Anarky" in Robin (vol. 4) #181 (February 2009).
^Not originally a supervillain: Jeremiah Arkham did not become the second Black Mask until his appearance in Batman: Battle for the Cowl #1 (May 2009).
^The second Clock King (Temple Fugate) was originally introduced in the Batman: The Animated Series episode, "The Clock King", which first aired on September 21, 1992. Teen Titans #56 (May 2008) was the character's first comic book appearance.
^Cassandra Cain is traditionally an ally to Batman rather than an adversary, hence why the character does not appear on this list.
^Cassandra Cain was under the influence of Deathstroke during her leadership of the League of Assassins.
^Billy Numerous was originally introduced in the Teen Titans episode, "Deception", which first aired on August 28, 2004. Catwoman (vol. 3) #78 (April 2008) was the character's first comic book appearance.
^Egghead was originally introduced in the 1960s Batman TV series episodes "An Egg Grows in Gotham" / "The Yegg Foes in Gotham", which first aired on October 19–20, 1966. Batman: Shadow of the Bat #3 (August 1992) was the character's first comic book appearance.
^King Tut was originally introduced in the 1960s Batman TV series episodes "The Curse of Tut" / "The Pharaoh's in a Rut", which first aired on April 13–14, 1966. Batman Confidential #26 (February 2009) was the character's first comic book appearance.
^Nora Fries was originally introduced in the Batman: The Animated Series episode "Heart of Ice", which first aired on September 7, 1992. Batman: Mr. Freeze (May 1997) was the character's first comic book appearance. Nora Fries did not become Lazara until Batgirl #70 (January 2006).
^Lock-Up was originally introduced in the Batman: The Animated Series episode "Lock-Up", which first aired on November 19, 1994. Robin (vol. 4) #24 (January 1996) was the character's first comic book appearance.
^The Outsider first made an off-panel cameo in Detective Comics #334 (December 1964). The character's actual first appearance was in Detective Comics #356 (October 1966). Alfred Pennyworth, an alternative incarnation of the Outsider, first appeared in Batman #16 (April 1943).
^The Sewer King was originally introduced in the Batman: The Animated Series episode, "The Underdwellers", which first aired on October 21, 1992. 52 #25 (October 2006) was the character's first comic book appearance.
^The concept of Scorn the Anti-Robin was introduced in an episode of The Batman animated series titled "The End of the Batman", which aired February 9, 2008. The episode re-imagines the Wrath and Scorn as the sons of jewel thieves, who are convicted on the same night Batman's parents are murdered. To avenge the loss of their parents, the Wrath and Scorn become the costumed protectors of other criminals.
^Joe Chill first appears in Detective Comics #33, but is not named until Batman #47 (June–July 1948).
References
Citations
^ a b c"The 10 Greatest BATMAN Villains of ALL TIME!". Newsarama. August 31, 2023.
^"Gotham recap: 'Rogue's Gallery'". Entertainment Weekly.
^ a b"Top 20 villians [sic] in Batman's rogues gallery". Hitfix. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016.
^"Get to Know Gotham's Rogues' Gallery". DC Comics. December 22, 2014.
^"The Dark Knight Rises: the history of Bane". Denofgeek.com. June 1, 2012.
^ a b"Conservative Bane Creator Says Rush Limbaugh's 'Dark Knight Rises' Conspiracy Theory Is Silly". Forbes.
^ a b c"'Dark Knight Rises': Bane creator pleased with Tom Hardy portrayal". Digital Spy. July 23, 2012.
^"Batman: Vengeance of Bane #1". DC Comics. Archived from the original on July 1, 2015.
^"'Dark Knight Rises': 10 Comic Book Inspirations". Entertainment Weekly.
^Batman #497 (July 1993)
^Gonzales, Umberto (August 11, 2018). "'Birds of Prey' Villain Revealed as Black Mask, One of Batman's Deadliest Foes (Exclusive)". The Wrap. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
^ a bWallace, Dan (2008). "Black Mask". In Dougall, Alastair (ed.). The DC Comics Encyclopedia. London: Dorling Kindersley. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-7566-4119-1.
^"Gotham: Who Is The Black Mask?". comicbook.com.
^Detective Comics (vol. 2) #9 (May 2012)
^ a b c"The 10 Greatest BATMAN Villains of ALL TIME!". Newsarama. September 6, 2017.
^ a b c d eZambrano, Mark (July 19, 2016). "The 15 Greatest Batman Villains Of All Time". Screen Rant.
^ a b"Batman: the history of Catwoman". Den of Geek. June 26, 2012. Archived from the original on December 23, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
^Arvedon, Jon (October 17, 2017). "Classic Batman Villain Clayface Gets A Rebirth Origin Story". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
^Wallace, Dan (2008). "Clayface I-IV". In Dougall, Alastair (ed.). The DC Comics Encyclopedia. New York: Dorling Kindersley. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-7566-4119-1. OCLC 213309017.
^ a b c d e f g"DC Histories: Clayface". iFanboy. April 3, 2013.
^"New 52 – Batman: The Dark Knight #24 review". batman-news.com. October 24, 2013.
^"75 Greatest Friends and Foes of Batman: Villains #20-16". comicbookresources.com. Archived from the original on July 23, 2016. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
^Colbert, Stephen M. (July 7, 2016). "Suicide Squad: 15 Things You Didn't Know About Deadshot". ScreenRant. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
^ a b c"Deadshot is number 43". IGN.
^"13 Times Harley Quinn Was An Independent Woman Who Didn't Need No Joker". MTV. Archived from the original on May 9, 2015.
^"The Hidden Story of Harley Quinn and How She Became the Superhero World's Most Successful Woman". Vulture. February 5, 2020.
^ a b"15 Batman Villains Who Haven't Shown Up On Gotham...Yet". Screen Rant. August 23, 2016.
^ a b"BD Wong to play Professor Hugo Strange in Gotham, Kristen Hager cast as Nora Fries". Flickering Myth. October 30, 2015.
^Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #11–15 (September 1990 – February 1991)
^ a b c d"'Gotham': 7 Rogues Gallery Villains That Should Be Introduced in Season 3". The Hollywood Reporter. July 11, 2016.
^ a b"Dini Cuts Into "The Heart of Hush"". Comic Book Resources. June 19, 2008.
^"10 Things DC Comics Want You To Forget About The Joker". What Culture. May 30, 2014.
^ a b cEason, Brian K. (July 11, 2008). "Dark Knight Flashback: The Joker, Part I". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on February 23, 2014. Retrieved February 23, 2014.
^"Who Owns Power Girl? On Ownership, Gerry Conway, and DC Entertainment's Royalty System". Comics Alliance. Archived from the original on December 25, 2015.
^"DC Entertainment Criticized Over 'Despicable' Creator Credit Policy". Screen Rant. April 30, 2015.
^"Akinnuoye-Agbaje Reportedly Cast as Batman Villain in "Suicide Squad"". Comic Book Resources. March 31, 2015. Archived from the original on December 25, 2015. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
^"Killer Croc Coming To 'Injustice'". MTV. Archived from the original on December 25, 2015.
^Manning, Matthew K.; Dolan, Hannah, eds. (2010). "1980s". DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle. Dorling Kindersley. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-7566-6742-9.
^Detective Comics #359 (January 1967)
^ a bNichols, Catherine (2014), "Wonderland in DC Comics' Batman", Alice's Wonderland: A Visual Journey Through Lewis Carroll's Mad, Mad World, Race Point Publishing, p. 137, ISBN 978-1937994976, OCLC 871319595
^"IGN previews Battle for the Cowl: Man-Bat #1". DC Comics. DCE Editorial. March 27, 2009. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
^ a bJohn Clute John Grant (1999), "Batman", The Encyclopedia of Fantasy, Macmillan, p. 90, ISBN 0312198698, OCLC 40347477
^"From "Batman" to "Gotham": The Complex History of Mr. Freeze". Comic Book Resources. February 23, 2016.
^"The Zero Effect; Is Mister Freeze the Best Example of Villain Reinvention?". Comics Alliance. July 10, 2015.
^ a b c"Mr. Freeze: Where Do I Start?". iFanboy. October 4, 2012.
^Batman #121 (February 1959)
^Batman: Mr. Freeze (May 1997)
^"DC Histories: Oswald Cobblepot (The Penguin)". iFanboy. May 29, 2013.
^"5 things you probably didn't know about Batman creator Bob Kane". Entertainment Weekly.
^ a b"The Heirs Of Batman's Uncredited Co-Creator Are Seeking Proper Recognition From DC". Nerdist. Archived from the original on April 20, 2016. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
^ a b"Ask Chris #170: Everyone's Favorite Pre-Owned Nuclear Submarine Captain, P.N. Gwynn". Comics Alliance. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016.
^"DC Fans Are Clamoring For A 'Poison Ivy' Comic Series – Here's Why That's A Great Idea". MTV. Archived from the original on June 2, 2015.
^ a bMcAvennie, Michael; Dolan, Hannah, eds. (2010). "1960s". DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle. Dorling Kindersley. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-7566-6742-9. Poison Ivy first cropped up to plague Gotham City in issue #181 of Batman. Scripter Robert Kanigher and artist Sheldon Moldoff came up with a villain who would blossom into one of Batman's greatest foes.
^"Game of Thrones' Alexander Siddig will play classic Batman villain Ra's al Ghul in Gotham". Digital Spy. March 2, 2017.
^"5 Ra's al Ghul Stories To Read For Arrow Season 3". October 29, 2014.
^ a bMcAvennie, Michael; Dolan, Hannah, eds. (2010). "1970s". DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle. Dorling Kindersley. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-7566-6742-9. Writer Denny O'Neil once stated that he and artist Neal Adams 'set out to consciously and deliberately to create a villain...so exotic and mysterious that neither we nor Batman were sure what to expect.' Who they came up with was arguably Batman's most cunning adversary: the global terrorist named Ra's al Ghul.
^"Batman: 15 Things You Didn't Know About The Riddler". Screen Rant. September 15, 2016.
^ a b"DC Histories: Edward Nigma (The Riddler)". iFanboy. December 12, 2012.
^"Gotham Adds Another Iconic Batman Villain". TV Guide. November 3, 2014.
^"The Scarecrow Confirmed For Gotham". comicbook.com. November 3, 2014.
^"Batman vs Two-Face Could Have Featured Poison Ivy". Denofgeek.com. October 17, 2017.
^"10 Things DC Comics Want You To Forget About Two-Face". What Culture. June 24, 2014.
^Daniels, Les (1999). Batman: The Complete History. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. p. 45. ISBN 0811824705. Nearly everyone seems to agree that Two-Face was Kane's brainchild exclusively
^"Gotham Season 2 Features 'Serialized' Story; Bill Finger Getting Batman Credit". Screen Rant. September 19, 2015.
^Reid, Jeff (May 15, 2013). "DC Histories: The Ventriloquist and Scarface". iFanboy. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
^ a b c"DC Villains Month: The Ventriloquist In Batgirl". Bleeding Cool. December 4, 2012.
^"Batman: Anarky". DC Comics. March 9, 2012. Archived from the original on June 30, 2015. Retrieved June 28, 2015.
^"Exclusive DC preview: Anarky breeds chaos in Detective Comics #39". AV Club. February 2, 2015.
^Asburry, Andrew (November 14, 2013). "Green Lantern Corps #25 review". Batman News. Batman-news.com. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
^Detective Comics (vol. 2) #40 (May 2015)
^"Manapul, Buccellato Bring 'Anarky' to Detective Comics". Newsarama.com. August 31, 2023.
^"Spoiler Sport: David Hine Talks the Black Mask Unmasked". newsarama.com. August 31, 2023.
^"The 28 hidden characters in Batman: Arkham Asylum". gamesradar.com. September 3, 2009.
^"The Best & Worst Batman Villains". ign.com. October 19, 2019.
^"15 Batman Villains That Deserve Their Movie Due". screenrant.com. Archived from the original on July 18, 2015.
^"Catman". DC Comics. Archived from the original on July 23, 2015. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^Goldstein, Rich (December 6, 2014). "Gail Simone's Bisexual Catman and the 'Secret Six'". The Daily Beast.
^"Review: Secret Six #1". Comic Book Resources. December 3, 2014.
^ a b"Batman: The Triumphant Return of B-List Bad Guys". Den of Geek. September 26, 2015.
^ a b"INSIDE ARKHAM: Batman's Greatest Foes, Part 1: #20–11". Comic Book Resources. February 4, 2014.
^ a bWallace, Dan (2008). "Clayface". In Dougall, Alastair (ed.). The DC Comics Encyclopedia. London: Dorling Kindersley. p. 670. ISBN 978-0-7566-4119-1.
^"Top 10 Villains We Want to See in the Next Batman Game". Crave Online. Archived from the original on July 12, 2015.
^"The Arkham Sessions: The Psychology of O.C.D. In 'Batman: The Clock King'". Comics Alliance. Archived from the original on September 17, 2015.
^"Terror Titans Stand the Test of (Clock King's) Time". Comics Book Resources. Archived from the original on May 7, 2016. Retrieved July 25, 2015.
^Rogers, Vaneta (January 23, 2008). "Sean McKeever on The Terror Titans". Newsarama. Archived from the original on February 11, 2011.
^"'Batman Eternal #51′: One Last Twist, As Batman's Identity Is Revealed". MTV. Archived from the original on March 27, 2015.
^"Did Batman Eternal Just Reveal Its Villain? Or Is It Another Red Herring?". Newsarama. March 31, 2021.
^"The #DCTV Secrets of GOTHAM: Episode 10 – "Lovecraft"". DC Comics. November 24, 2014.
^"copperhead". DC Comics. Archived from the original on July 23, 2015. Retrieved July 23, 2015.
^"Copperhead Joins The Batman: Arkham Origins Cast". Game Informer.
^"DC HeroClix: Justice League – Trinity War". Hero Clix. Archived from the original on July 23, 2015.
^John Wells, Phil Jimenez (2010), "Copperhead", in Moulton Marston, William (ed.), The Essential Wonder Woman Encyclopedia, New York: Random House Publishing Group, p. 96, ISBN 978-0345501073
^"The #DCTV Secrets of GOTHAM: Episode 12 – "What the Little Bird Told Him"". DC Comics. January 19, 2015.
^"What Is Jack Gruber Planning on 'Gotham'? The Electrocutioner's Escape From Arkham Means Serious Trouble". Bustle. January 6, 2015.
^"Batman: Arkham Origins: Electrocutioner Confirmed With Trailer". Cinema Blend. October 13, 2013.
^Vigilante #27 (March 1986)
^"ARKHAM ASYLUM: LIVING HELL". dccomics.com. March 9, 2012.
^"Jada Pinkett Smith joins 'Gotham': Who is Fish Mooney?". ew.com.
^"Arkham Asylum: Living Hell Deluxe Edition review". batman-news.com. March 14, 2015.
^Arkham Asylum: Living Hell #1–6 (July 2003 – December 2003)
^Harras, Bob (April 18, 2013). "What's New in The New 52 – Joker's Daughter?!". DC Comics. dccomics.com. Retrieved June 28, 2015.
^Sunu, Steve (April 18, 2013). "DC Comics Teases Joker's Daughter's New 52 Debut". Comic Book Resources. comicbookresources.com. Retrieved June 28, 2015.
^Asberry, Andrew (February 5, 2014). "Batman: Joker's Daughter #1 Review". Batman News. batman-news.com. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
^McElhatton, Greg (February 5, 2014). "Batman: Joker's Daughter #1". Comic Book Resources. comicbookresources.com. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
^ a b c d e f g h i"10 Strangest Batman Villains Of All Time". What Culture. Archived from the original on July 6, 2015.
^"kgbeast". DC Comics. Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
^"Will the Supervillain 'KGBeast' Appear in 'Batman v Superman'?". Screen Rant. November 10, 2014.
^"KGBeast To Appear In 'Batman V Superman,' May Be The Best Thing In It". Comics Alliance. Archived from the original on July 13, 2015.
^"DC HeroClix Batman: KGBeast!". Hero Clix. Archived from the original on July 12, 2015.
^Detective Comics #817 (May 2006)
^Marston, George (July 16, 2021). "Batman: The Audio Adventures podcast comes to comic books with cast-written special". gamesradar. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
^ a b c52 #25 (October 25, 2006)
^"Tales of the Batman: Don Newton Vol. 1". DC Comics. March 9, 2012. Archived from the original on October 13, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
^"Gotham: Easter Eggs and DC Comics References in "Viper"". ComicBook.com.
^"20 Laughably Terrible Batman Villains". io9. February 28, 2014.
^"owlman". DC Comics. Archived from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved July 26, 2015.
^"owlman". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on September 7, 2013. Retrieved July 26, 2015.
^"James Woods Talks Owlman in Justice League: Crisis". Newsarama. August 31, 2023.
^"Faces of Evil: Prometheus #1". DC Comics. March 4, 2012. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
^"10 Most Dangerous Villains in the DC Universe (5)". Newsarama. August 3, 2021.
^"Arrow: The DC Comics Heroes and Villains We'd Like to See". IGN. November 14, 2012.
^ a bSalvatore, Brian (May 9, 2014). "Exclusive: Ragdoll returns in "Batgirl" #31 [Preview]". Multiversity Comics.
^"C2E2 2014: DC Comics – The New 52 Panel Live!". Newsarama. August 31, 2023.
^Villains United #3 (September 2005)
^ a b"Exclusive Preview of Digital-First Comic Batman: Arkham Origins". DC Comics. February 11, 2014.
^"9 Lesser-Known Batman Villains We Want To See On 'Gotham' ASAP". Bustle. March 19, 2015.
^Infinite Crisis #1 (December 2005)
^"5 Villains to Ditch in the DC Reboot". Crave Online. June 15, 2023.
^"The 10 Most Savage Things That The Batman Who Laughs Has Done". CBR. September 15, 2019. Retrieved December 2, 2019.
^"The Batman Who Laughs Is One of DC's Most Gruesome and Shocking Stories About the Dark Knight". io9. November 15, 2017. Retrieved December 2, 2019.
^"Batman Who Laughs: Who is DC's Evil Dark Knight?". CBR. October 3, 2019. Retrieved December 2, 2019.
^"The 28 hidden characters in Batman: Arkham Asylum". Games Radar. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015.
^ a b"Top 10 Worst Batman Villains & Why They Are Lame". Top Tenz. November 6, 2014.
^"Batman: Arkham Knight #11 Review: Tweedledee and Tweedledum". Tech Times. May 2015.
^ a b c"Red Hood and the Outlaws #21 Review". IGN. June 20, 2013.
^"Arrow Executive Producer Andrew Kreisberg on Whether Malcolm Merlyn's Origin is Tied to Ra's Al Ghul". IGN. March 11, 2013.
^"New 52 – Batman Inc. #4 review". Batman News. October 25, 2012.
^"Hollywood Justice #6: Who Is Merlyn?". MTV. Archived from the original on September 9, 2015.
^ a b"DC HeroClix Streets of Gotham – Assassins Team Pack". HeorClix. Archived from the original on January 31, 2016.
^"Meet the Other DC Villains That Will Appear in 'Batman vs. Superman'". ScreenCrush. July 3, 2014.
^"10 Villains We Want in 'Batman: Arkham Origins'". Game Rant.[permanent dead link]
^"10 Massively Underrated Batman Villains". What Culture. July 4, 2013.
^"20 Batman Stories Most Influential to "The Dark Knight" Trilogy". Just Press Play. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
^"Batman Eternal #46 review". Batman-News. February 19, 2015.
^Greenberger, Robert (2008). The Essential Batman Encyclopedia. Del Rey. pp. 114–115. ISBN 9780345501066.
^Resurrection of Ra's al Ghul
^"Announcing the Guest Creative Team for Nightwing #13–14". DC Comics. August 8, 2012.
^"7 Classic Comic Villains Arrow Needs to Use". Cinema Blend. December 3, 2014. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
^"Beware the Batman: Sacrifice review (S01E10)". Batman-News. September 29, 2013.
^Greenberger, Robert (2008), "Cain, Cassandra", in Greenberger, Robert (ed.), The Essential Batman Encyclopedia, New York: Ballantine Books, p. 72, ISBN 978-0-345-50106-6, OCLC 178280528
^"10 Villains We Want in 'Batman: Arkham Origins'". Game Rant. Archived from the original on April 29, 2014. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
^ a b"Nyssa Al Ghul, Not Talia, Headed For Arrow, To Be Played By Spartacus Actress Katrina Law". Bleeding Cool. November 19, 2013.
^"The Sensei". DC Comics. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved September 13, 2015.
^Greenberger, Robert (2008), "Sensei, The", in Greenberger, Robert (ed.), The Essential Batman Encyclopedia, New York: Ballantine Books, p. 324, ISBN 978-0-345-50106-6, OCLC 178280528
^ a b c d e f g h"A Guide to Batman Incorporated". IGN. May 23, 2012.
^"talia al ghul". DC Comics. Archived from the original on September 11, 2015. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
^"42. Talia Al Ghul". IGN.
^"ubu". DC Comics. Archived from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
^"Son of Batman: Damian Wayne Takes on Ubu in new clip". Den of Geek. Archived from the original on April 28, 2014. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
^"'Son of Batman' review". Batman-News. April 29, 2014.
^"The Real Batman Chronology Project: Modern Age (Year Twenty-Three Part One)". therealbatmanchronologyproject.com. Archived from the original on September 3, 2014. Retrieved July 26, 2015.
^Batman Incorporated #6 (June 2011)
^"How about a look at Frank Quitely's cover to BATMAN AND ROBIN #6?". DC Comics. October 29, 2009.
^"Gotham: Ben McKenzie, Robin Lord Taylor, Bruno Heller Season 2 Interview – Comic-Con 2015". IGN. July 11, 2015.
^ a b"Batman Redrawn part 4 – New Characters". DC Comics.
^"Annotations: 'Batman' #700 [Spoilers]". Comics Alliance. Archived from the original on September 12, 2015.
^Batman #666 (July 2007)
^Batman #700 (August 2012)
^"Grant Morrison: The Batman and Robin to Come". Newsarama. March 31, 2021.
^"Beware the Batman: "Allies" Review". IGN. September 16, 2013.
^"Top 12 Moments From Grant Morrison's Batman Run". IGN. August 7, 2013.
^ a b"Professor Pyg Returns in New Video from "Beware the Batman," "Teen Titans Go!"". Comic Book Resources. October 3, 2013.
^Batman Eternal #10 (June 2014)
^"Batman #679". DC Comics. March 15, 2021.
^"Who Are the Villains of Beware the Batman?". IGN. July 10, 2013.
^"'Beware The Batman' Trailer Shows Off The Menace Of Professor Pyg". MTV. Archived from the original on June 23, 2013.
^"Review: Batman and Robin #26". Crave Online. Archived from the original on September 27, 2015.
^"Batman and Robin #26 Review". acomicsblog.
^"Batman Incorporated: Leviathan Strikes review". Batman-News. December 25, 2011.
^"Review: Batman Incorporated: Leviathan Strikes". Crave Online. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015.
^"Batman #681 Batman RIP Review -SPOILERS". Calliope's Realm. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
^"Scott's Classic Comics Corner: Ned Kelly's Impact on Western Comics". Comic Book Resources. January 12, 2010. Archived from the original on August 5, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
^"Batman #681: Batman RIP Review". Comic Book Revolution.
^"Fabian Nicieza on Picking Up 'Robin' Post-Dixon". Newsarama. August 31, 2023.
^"'Arrow' react: All dolled up". Entertainment Weekly. January 18, 2015. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
^"Is [SPOILER] The Same Character On 'Gotham' And 'Arrow'?". MTV News. September 29, 2014. Archived from the original on October 4, 2014. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
^""Gotham" Casts Colm Feore as Villainous Dollmaker". Comic Book Resources. January 26, 2015. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
^ a bDetective Comics (vol. 2) #1 (September 2011)
^ a bCatwoman (vol. 4) #12 (August 2012)
^"The Dark Knight Rises Sequel: 3 Actors Who Could Play Hugo Strange (Editorial)". What Culture. Archived from the original on November 26, 2015.
^"This Just Happened: Emperor Penguin's New Title". DC Comics. May 3, 2013.
^"Exclusive: DC's "Detective Comics" #20 Preview & John Layman Interview". Nerdist. Archived from the original on July 15, 2015. Retrieved July 14, 2015.
^Detective Comics (vol. 2) #13 (October 2012)
^Detective Comics (vol. 2) #20 (May 2013)
^"New 52 – Detective Comics #17 review". Batman News. February 7, 2013.
^"Batman: Detective Comics #17 Review". What Culture. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
^Detective Comics (vol. 2) #17 (February 2013)
^"mr. bloom". DC Comics. Archived from the original on August 14, 2015. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
^"Batman's Terrifying New Villain: Snyder and Capullo Introduce Mr. Bloom". DC Comics. August 11, 2015.
^"Snyder & Capullo Introduce New "Batman" Villain; "Harley Quinn" Takes a Road Trip". Comic Book Resources. May 19, 2015. Archived from the original on August 14, 2015. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
^"Batman & Robin Eternal To Re-Define Bane, Reveal 'Secret History' of Brice & Dick". Newsarama. March 31, 2021.
^Arvedon, Jon (February 7, 2020). "The Joker Introduces Harley Quinn's Replacement: Meet Punchline". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
^Gelman, Samuel (January 22, 2020). "Batman: Meet the Dark Knight's Next Major Villain – Punchline". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
^McGuire, Liam (February 26, 2020). "Joker's New Girlfriend Punchline is Already a DC Superstar". Screen Rant. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
^Gelman, Samuel (February 12, 2020). "Joker's Harley Quinn Replacement Gets Second Printing Ahead of Debut". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
^"Batman vs Robin Blu-ray review". Batman-News. April 24, 2015.
^"Gotham's "Gray Son" Nightwing Gets a New Role in Gotham". Newsarama. August 31, 2023.
^"What's New In The New 52: Introducing Trickster". DC Comics. June 28, 2013.
^"Two Crazy Villains Introduced in DC's 'What's New'". Newsarama. August 31, 2023.
^"DC Comics Brings Out The Bad Guys With '#thenewvillains' of the Relaunch". Comics Alliance. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015.
^"New 52 – Batman: The Dark Knight #3 review". Batman-News. November 25, 2011.
^Batman: The Dark Knight (vol. 2) #1–9 (September 2011 – July 2012)
^Greenberger, Robert (2008), "Abattoir", in Greenberger, Robert (ed.), The Essential Batman Encyclopedia, New York: Ballantine Books, p. 3, ISBN 978-0-345-50106-6, OCLC 178280528
^Robert Greenberger, "Abbatoir", The Essential Batman Encyclopedia (2008), 3
^Kristin Dos Santos (June 16, 2015). "Spoiler Chat: Scoop on The Walking Dead, Teen Wolf, The Good Wife, Homeland, Arrow and More!". eonline.com.
^LeDoux, J; 'Fear and the Brain: Where Have We Been, and Where Are We Going?'; Biological Psychiatry; Vol. 44, No. 12 pp. 12–29; 1998
^Wallace, Dan (2008). "Blockbuster II". In Dougall, Alastair (ed.). The DC Comics Encyclopedia. London: Dorling Kindersley. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-7566-4119-1.
^ a bThe Dark Knight Returns (February–June 1986)
^Greenberger, Robert (2008), "Clayface", in Greenberger, Robert (ed.), The Essential Batman Encyclopedia, New York: Ballantine Books, p. 91, ISBN 978-0-345-50106-6, OCLC 178280528
^Batman #618 (October 2003)
^ a b"5 More Embarrassing Moments in Batman Comic Book History". Dorkly.
^"Lego Batman 3 To Have Playable Versions Of Condiment King, Green Loontern and Conan O'Brien". Bleeding Cool. October 11, 2014.
^Detective Comics #494 (September 1980)
^"Beware the Batman – Who Is Cypher?". IGN. September 20, 2013.
^"Beware the Batman: "Control" Review". IGN. September 23, 2013.
^"DC Nation – Beware The Batman – "Control" (clip 2)". DC Comics. Archived from the original on July 8, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2015.
^Greenberger, Robert (2008), "Cypher", in Greenberger, Robert (ed.), The Essential Batman Encyclopedia, New York: Ballantine Books, p. 102, ISBN 978-0-345-50106-6, OCLC 178280528
^Greenberger, Robert (2008). The Essential Batman Encyclopedia. Del Rey. p. 102. ISBN 9780345501066.
^Detective Comics #657
^Detective Comics #658
^Robin (vol. 4) #1
^Robin (vol. 4) #2
^Batman #400 (October 1986)
^World's Finest Comics #268 (April – May 1981)
^ a bWorld's Finest Comics #285–288 (November 1982 – February 1983)
^"Modern Age (Year Fourteen) Part One". The Real Batman Chronology Project. October 27, 2009.
^Batman #297 (March 1978)
^Detective Comics #573 (April 1987)
^Batman #700 (June 2010)
^Batman #487
^"Beware the Batman "Games" Review". Unleash The Fanboy. September 18, 2014.
^Arkham Asylum: Living Hell #3 (September 2003)
^"'Gotham' Season 2: Jessica Lucas Cast as Tigress". Screen Rant. June 27, 2015.
^All Star Comics #72–73 (June–August 1978)
^Batman Family #7 (October 1976)
^"Batman: King Tut's Tomb". DC Comics. March 9, 2012. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved July 25, 2015.
^"At Last: Batman Vs. King Tut". Comic Book Resources. December 12, 2008.
^"Exclusive Preview: Batman '66 and the Madness of King Tut". 13th Dimension. December 9, 2013.
^Batman Confidential #26–28 (April–June 2009)
^"jsa vs kobra". DC Comics. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 4, 2015.
^"DC Reveals 8 New Limited Series – Metal Men, Sugar & Spike, Metamorpho, More". Newsarama. June 14, 2023.
^"DC You Expands By 8 Mini-Series In 2016 Featuring A Batman Villain, 2 Of Batman's Outsiders & More! New Art! SDCC 2015 October DC Comics News To Follow!". Inside Pulse. July 9, 2015.
^"Ivan Brandon Sharpens Fangs on "Kobra"". Comic Book Resources. November 17, 2008.
^Faces of Evil: Kobra #1 (March 2009)
^"What's New In The New 52 – Introducing Lady Vic". DC Comics.
^"10 Great Batman Villains No One Ever Remembers". What Culture. July 24, 2013.
^"Beware the Batman: Attraction review (S01E12)". Batman News. March 9, 2014.
^"'Batman: Arkham Origins' Adds Villains Killer Croc & Magpie?". Game Rant. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
^Batman #651 (May 2006)
^Greenberger, Robert (2008). The Essential Batman Encyclopedia. Del Rey. pp. 259–260. ISBN 9780345501066.
^Batman #340 (October 1981)
^Greenberger, Robert (2008). The Essential Batman Encyclopedia. Del Rey. pp. 263–264. ISBN 9780345501066.
^Guiley, Rosemary (2004). The Encyclopedia of Vampires, Werewolves, and Other Monsters. Facts on File. p. 73. ISBN 1438130015.
^"What's New In The New 52: Pandora Confronts The Outsider". DC Comics.
^"Forever Evil Spoilers: What Is The Crime Syndicate's Outsider Origin & Where Is Earth 3's Joker? (Justice League #23.4 Secret Society #1 / DC Comics New 52)". Inside Pulse. September 25, 2013.
^"Crime Syndicate's The Outsider Story Told in Secret Society Special". Newsarama. August 31, 2023.
^Justice League (vol. 2) #23 (October 2013)
^Justice League of America (vol. 3) #1–4 (April–July 2013)
^"5.2 or so About 52 #25 with Michael Siglain". Newsarama. October 27, 2006. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007.
^Detective Comics #691–692 (November – December 1995)
^Rovin, Jeff (1987). The Encyclopedia of Supervillains. New York: Facts on File. pp. 326–327. ISBN 0-8160-1356-X.
^Greenberger, Robert (2008). The Essential Batman Encyclopedia. Del Rey. p. 331. ISBN 9780345501066.
^"Batman: The Dark Knight #23.1: Ventriloquist Review". IGN. September 5, 2013.
^"Gail Simone on how 'Secret Six' fits into an increasingly diverse DC Comics clubhouse". Daily Dot. July 19, 2015.
^Batgirl (vol. 4) #20–21 (May–June 2013)
^"What's New In The New 52: Introducing Wrath". DC Comics.
^"A History of Batman's Mirror-Image Villains". IGN. April 3, 2014.
^Stoute, Scott (November 7, 2012). "'Arrow' Adds Count Vertigo As Green Arrow Nemesis". Screenrant.
^Anderson, Kyle. "Batman: Reanimated – Off Balance". Nerdist.
^Detective Comics #326 (April 1964),Batman #310 (April 1979) and Batman #319 (January 1980)
^"C2E2 2014: DC Comics – The New 52 Panel Live!". Newsarama. August 31, 2023.
^Booker, M. Keith (2014), "Batman", in Booker, M. Keith (ed.), Comics through Time: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas, Connecticut: Greenwood, p. 476, ISBN 978-0313397509
^ a b c dBatman and Robin #2 (September 2009)
^Batman and Robin #1 (August 2009)
^ a b c d e f gDetective Comics (vol. 2) #2 (October 2011)
^Greenberger, Robert (2008). The Essential Batman Encyclopedia. Del Rey. p. 133. ISBN 9780345501066.
^"DC to Give Bill Finger Official Credit on "Batman v Superman" and "Gotham"". Comic Book Resources. September 18, 2015. Archived from the original on January 26, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
^"Batman Co-Creator Bill Finger Finally Gets Credit on Gotham and Batman v. Superman". Nerdist. Archived from the original on May 8, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
^"10 Best Batman V Superman Fights in DC Comic Books". Screenrant. October 28, 2015.
^"Top 25 Comic Battles". Comic Book Resources. September 2023.
