stringtranslate.com

Chen (state)

Chen (Chinese: 陈国; Chinese: 陳國; pinyin: Chen Guo) was a state founded by the Duke Hu of Chen during the Zhou dynasty of ancient China. It existed from c. 1045 BC–479 BC. Its capital was Wanqiu, in present-day Huaiyang County in the plains of eastern Henan province. Chen, the 4th most popular Chinese surname in the world, and members of the Hu clan, the 13th most popular Chinese surname in the world, would claim descent from the Duke Hu of Chen who was in turn descended from the legendary Emperor Shun. At its peak, Chen encompassed fourteen cities in modern-day Henan and Anhui.

Name

It is written 陳 the same as the Chen surname. In ancient texts, it is sometimes misspelled as 敶, also pronounced Chen.[1]

Territory

Chen was originally from Taihao (太昊、太皞), the capital of Fuxi's clan.[2] It was south of the Yellow River.[2][3]

Capital

Chen territory (east China)

Its capital was Wanqiu, in present-day Huaiyang County in the plains of eastern Henan province.[4][5][6] Zhu Xi explains that Wanqiu means "[a hill] with a crater on top surrounded by high walls on all four sides".[7]

History

According to tradition, the royal family of Chen were descendants of the legendary sage king Emperor Shun. After the conquest of the Shang dynasty in 1046/45 BC, King Wu of Zhou enfeoffed his son-in-law Gui Man, a descendant of Shun, at Chen, and Man became known as Duke Hu of Chen (Chen Hugong).[8][9]

Duke Shēn of Chen, son of Hugong then became second duke of Chen.[10]

Chen later became an ally state of Chu, fighting as an ally of Chu at the Battle of Chengpu. It was finally unified with the Chu in 479 BC. Many people of Chen then took the name of their former country as their family name, and account for the many of Chinese people with the family name Chen today. After the destruction of the old Chu capital at Ying, Chen became the Chu capital.

Location of Chen state

Achievements and descendants

In summary, surnames with descent from Chen include:

Culture

The Shijing has at least 10 songs dedicated to Chen:《宛丘》、《東門之枌》、《衛門》、《東門之池》、《東門之楊》、《墓門》、《防有鵲巢》、《月出》、《株林》、《澤陂》。[13]

Rulers

The state of Chen lasted nearly 600 years and produced over 25 rulers. In chronological order from first to last (note Hu Gong means Duke of Hu and vice versa):

  1. Duke Hu of Chen
  2. Duke Shēn of Chen [10]
  3. Duke Xiang of Chen
  4. Duke Xiao of Chen
  5. Duke Shèn of Chen
  6. Duke You of Chen
  7. Duke Xi of Chen
  8. Duke Wu of Chen
  9. Duke Yi of Chen
  10. Duke Ping of Chen
  11. Duke Wen of Chen
  12. Duke Huan of Chen
  13. Chen Tuo
  14. Duke Li of Chen
  15. Duke Zhuang of Chen
  16. Duke Xuan of Chen
  17. Duke Mu of Chen
  18. Duke Gong of Chen
  19. Duke Ling of Chen
  20. Xia Zhengshu
  21. Duke Cheng of Chen
  22. Duke Ai of Chen
  23. Prince Liu
  24. Chuan Fengxu
  25. Duke Hui of Chen
  26. Duke Huai of Chen
  27. Duke Min of Chen

Table

Note: the reign lengths of the dukes before Duke You of Chen are derived from conjecture, and are only for reference.

Family tree

See zh:陈国君主世系图

See also

References

  1. ^ 《說文解字》陳 段玉裁注
  2. ^ a b 《左傳·昭公十七年》：陈，大皞之虚也
  3. ^ 《史记·货殖列传》："陈在楚夏之交，通鱼盐之货，其民多贾。"
  4. ^ 《吕氏春秋·似顺论》对此有更为详细的记载："荆庄王欲伐陈，使人视之。使者曰：'陈不可伐也'。·庄王曰：'何故？'对曰：'城郭高，沟洫深，蓄积多也。'
  5. ^ 《毛詩傳》："四方高，中央下曰宛丘"
  6. ^ 白壽彝版《中國通史》第03卷 上古時代 第四節 地學
  7. ^ Zhu Xi, Collected Explanations on the Classic of Poetry, "Volume 3 - Wanqiu". Qinzaotang siku quanshu huiyao 摛藻堂四庫全書薈要 version p. 79 of 124. quote: "四方高中央下曰宛丘。"
  8. ^ Yang 2003, p. 121.
  9. ^ Han 2010, pp. 2776–7.
  10. ^ a b c Han 2010, pp. 2778–9.
  11. ^ 陳姓源于淮陽 陳胡公是得姓始祖及舜帝的後裔 [Chen surname originated in Huaiyang, Duke Hu of Chen is the founding ancestor and a descendant of Emperor Shun] (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 22 March 2014. Archived from the original on May 29, 2015.
  12. ^ Ngô 1479, p. 296.
  13. ^ 《詩經·國風》

Bibliography

Reading