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Armorial de las Fuerzas Armadas españolas

Las unidades militares españolas cuentan con escudos, insignias y emblemas que las distinguen de otras unidades tanto de las Fuerzas Armadas conjuntas como de las ramas de servicio.

La primera evidencia de escudos medievales la encontramos en el Tapiz de Bayeux del siglo XI, donde algunos de los combatientes portan escudos pintados con cruces. Los escudos de armas se generalizaron entre los señores feudales y los caballeros en batalla en el siglo XII. En el siglo XIII, las armas se habían extendido más allá de su uso inicial en el campo de batalla para convertirse en una especie de bandera o logotipo para las familias de las clases sociales más altas de Europa. El uso de armas se extendió al clero de la Iglesia, a las ciudades como identificadores cívicos y a organizaciones autorizadas por la realeza, como universidades y empresas comerciales. En el siglo XXI, una variedad de instituciones e individuos todavía utilizan escudos de armas. Los escudos de armas y emblemas militares fueron requeridos por primera vez en las armadas y fuerzas aéreas para reconocer flotas y escuadrones navales. Hoy en día, las insignias militares españolas se utilizan para uso oficial o exhibición por parte del personal militar y de unidades y organizaciones de las Fuerzas Armadas, incluidas ramas, comandos, policías, brigadas, divisiones, regimientos, batallones, centros, etc.

Vicente de Cadenas y Vicent (1915-2005), Cronista Rey de Armas de España, dijo que los objetos militares y las figuras naturales son las cargas heráldicas más utilizadas en la heráldica de las Fuerzas Armadas españolas. También se utilizan figuras quiméricas pero son poco comunes. El señor Cadenas y Vicent también señaló que hay demasiadas cargas mal ubicadas en los escudos militares españoles . [1] [2]

Ejército

El Ejército cuenta con un número bastante elevado de escudos utilizados por unidades, centros y organismos, siendo la colección de escudos militares más amplia y consistente de España. También son relevantes los emblemas e insignias de los cuerpos del Ejército, de las especialidades profesionales militares y de algunos centros. Tras el Informe de Uniformidad adoptado en diciembre de 1989, se adoptaron los criterios de diseño y estandarización de los escudos para las unidades y organizaciones del Ejército español según la Circular del Ejército 371/70001/87 . El Instituto de Historia y Cultura Militar ( Instituto de Historia y Cultura Militar ), dependencia del Ejército, brinda estudios de escudos y propuestas definitivas. [3]

Los escudos utilizados en el Ejército español tienen soportes llamados atributos y se muestran en diagonal, los soportes más importantes son:

Otros ornamentos heráldicos exteriores relevantes son la Corona Real Española y el nombre de los centros y entidades unitarios y en ocasiones también aparece el lema. [4]

Navy

The Spanish Navy uses more emblems than coats of arms used by units, flotillas, Navy Marines, Naval Action Forces, Maritime Action Forces, centres, organisms and Fleet and Navy General Headquarters. The most habitual elements are anchors, cords, ships constructed at different dates and the Spanish royal crown.[5]

  • Emblem of the Navy (A)
    Emblem of the Navy (A)

Air and Space Force

There are more emblems than coats of arms used by Spanish Air and Space Force units, air bases, barracks, aerodromes, Air and Space Force General Headquarters, its dependent divisions and other organisms or centres. Air and Space Force emblems first appeared in 1913 displayed on the front part of the fuselage but they were not official until the 1920s. Most squadrons created after the Spanish Civil War didn't have an insignia until 1954, one year after the Pact of Madrid was signed by Spain and the United States. Since then all squadron insignias except the symbol belonged to García Morato Group were replaced. The use of Air Force emblems and badges increased with the introduction of patches on Military uniforms during the decade of the 1970s. An order of the Chief of Staff of the Air and Space Force to regulate the patches was adopted in November 1995. José Ramón Pardo Onrubia and Carlos Bourdón García's book about Spanish Air Force symbols said it would be appropriate to standardize emblems and badges of units centres and organisms.

The Air and Space Force Emblem was granted by Royal Warrant Circular of April 1913. Authorities were looking for quality projects to avoid one old-fashioned design in the future. The chosen proposal, still in use today, was created by Princess and Infanta Beatrice of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, wife of Spanish Infante and airman Alfonso, Duke of Galliera. Princess Beatrice drew two silver wings united by a red disc with the Spanish royal crown. This is likely Princess Beatrice, Egyptologist and drawer, would have based on the Egyptian scarab, the winged disc of the Burial site of Seti I or Maat's wings. In Spain the Air and Space Force Emblem is known colloquially as Rokiski the last name of the engraver who created military pilot wings between 1939 and 1965. Pilot wings and other Air and Space Force specialties are based on the Rokiski.[6][7]

Civil Guard

The Civil Guard (Guardia Civil) units have the most consistent coats of arms collection after the Army. Except the patches, all identification badges of units are also standardized by according to General Order no. 4, 7th May 2015, on use of badges of the Guardia Civil. This regulation reformed the previous General Order no. 35, 14th August 1997, modified by General Orders 47 of 1997, 31 of 1998, 2 and 8 of 1999, 2 and 13 of 2002, and 11 and 17 of 2003.[8]

These standardized badges are as follows:

All coats of arms have been regulated and standardized by the Notice 1/2014, January 28, of the Guardia Civil Assistant Operations Directorate, that updates Annex 2 of the General Order no. 10, of 22nd November 2012, on Guardia Civil Military Honours and complements the General Order no. 4, 7th May 2015. The Notice 1/2014 describes the official design of the coats of arms contained on the guindons of the territorial divisions, units, services and commands of the Guadia Civil.

These coats of arms, with a few exceptions like the Traffic Grouping or the GREIM, have an Iberian escutcheon shape. In all cases are used as supporters the sword and the fasces (the elements of the emblem of the Guardia Civil) but both less inclined to highlight the heraldic shields. All of them also uses the Spanish royal crown as crest, the name of the unit or service depicted below the shield in a banderole and never show the heraldic chiefs with the monogram. There are two notable exceptions although they use standardized coats of arms on their guindons, the College of the Young Guards "Duke of Ahumada", that maintains its traditional heraldry, and the Non-Commissioned Officers and Guards Academy, that displays its motto on a second banderole and applies gothic lettering.[10]

Coats of Arms

Service and Graduate Course Badges

Emblems/Patchs

Former Units

Former Destination Badges (Until 2015)

Royal Guard

Military Emergencies Unit

Other units and organisms

Other badges

See also

References

  1. ^ Cadenas y Vicent, Vicente de (1994). Fundamentos de heráldica. Madrid: Hidalguía. ISBN 84-87204-64-3.
  2. ^ What is Heraldry? Archived 2013-01-17 at the Wayback Machine. The Institute of Heraldry. US Army, accessed 9 January 2013.
  3. ^ The Institute of Military History and Culture. Spanish Army Website, accessed 9 January 2013.
  4. ^ García-Mechano y Osset, Eduardo (2010). Introducción a la heráldica y manual de heráldica militar española. Madrid: Spanish Ministry of Defence. ISBN 978-84-9781-559-8.
  5. ^ Official Emblems of the Navy. Spanish Navy (in Spanish). accessed 9 January 2013.
  6. ^ Emblems Archived 2012-11-08 at the Wayback Machine. Spanish Air Force, accessed 9 January 2013.
  7. ^ Pardo Onrubia, José Ramón; Bourdón García, Carlos (2004). Spanish Air Force Emblems and Coats of Arms, 1954–2004 (in Spanish). Madrid: Visión Net. pp. 9–11. ISBN 84-9770-379-0. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
  8. ^ "Spanish Civil Guard General Order no. 35, 14th August 1997 and its subsequent amendments. Retrieved 4th February 2016" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  9. ^ General Order no. 4, 7th May 2015, on use of badges of the Guardia Civil.
  10. ^ Notice 1/2014, January 28, of the Guardia Civil Assistant Operations Directorate, that updates Annex 2 of the General Order no. 10, of 22nd November 2012.

External links