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Amendeuix-Oneix

Amendeuix-Oneix (French pronunciation: [amɛ̃døʃ ɔnɛʃ]; Basque: Amendüze-Unaso) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwestern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Amendüztar.[3][4]

Geography

Houses in Amedeuix-Oneix

Amendeuix-Oneix is located some 50 km east by southeast of Bayonne and 40 km south-west of Orthez in the Mixe country in the former Basque province of Lower Navarre. The village can be accessed by the D124 road from Garris in the west passing northeast to the village then continuing north to join the D29. The D11 road also passes through the south of the commune from Garris to Saint-Palais. The small D511 road links the D11 to the D124 within the commune.[5]

Hydrography

Located in the Drainage divide of the Adour, the northern part of the eastern border of the commune is the Bidouze which flows north to join the Adour west of Peyrehorade. The southern part of the eastern border consists of the Joyeuse with many tributaries rising in the commune including the Algueruko erreka, the Sallarteko erreka, and the Soubiaga erreka. The Aitzeguerris rises just south of the village and flows into the Bidouze.

Localities and hamlets

[6]

Toponymy

The current Basque name is Amendüze-Unaso.[7] Jean-Baptiste Orpustan[8] suggested that Oneix means the 'place of abundant hills'. Brigitte Jobbé-Duval[3] however suggested that Oneix came from the Basque Unanu which means the Asphodelus (plant) and signifies a "place where the asphodelus is abundant. She also suggested that the origin of Amendeuix was Aquitane-Roman to designate a noble domain.

The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.

Sources:

Origins:

History

In the 16th century (1594), evidence of witchcraft was reported by an admonition to the States of Navarre by the Prosecutor of Mixe (together with those of Arberoue, Ostabaret, Irissarry, Ossès, Baigorri, and La Bastide-Clairence), who complained of a lack of prosecution and requesting that each town or district of Lower Navarre elect "two men of good character who are not suspects to find and punish the perpetrators of these crimes of witchcraft, apostasy, and magic: to be joined with the people of Roy and all at the expense of those convicted or, in case of insolvency, to those countries and places which will be instructed". Part of this admonition followed a request from the inhabitants of Amendeuix dating from 1587 who claimed to have been victims of "spells that were manifested mainly by evil barking".[15]

The village of Oneix joined with Amendeuix to form the commune of Amendeuix-Oneix on 27 August 1846.

Heraldry

Administration

The Town Hall

List of Successive Mayors[16]

Inter-Communality

The commune belongs to seven inter-communal structures:

Demography

In 1350 nine fires were reported in Oneix and 15-18 in Amendeuix.[17]

The fiscal census of 1412-1413,[18] made[19] on the orders of Charles III of Navarre, compared with that of 1551 men and weapons that are in this kingdom of Navarre this side of the ports,[20] reveals a demography with strong growth. The first census indicated the presence of 13 fires in Amendeuix with the second showing 40 (33 + 7 secondary fires). The same census reported 8 fires in Oneix in 1412-1413 against 17 (14 + 3 secondary fires) in 1551.

The census of the population of Lower Navarre in 1695[21] counted 63 fires at Amendeuix and 20 at Oneix.

In 2017 the commune had 448 inhabitants. The population data given in the table and graph below include the former commune of Oneix.

Economy

The commune is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone of Ossau-iraty.

Culture and Heritage

Languages

According to the Map of the Seven Basque Provinces published in 1863 by Prince Louis-Lucien Bonaparte the dialect of Basque spoken in Amendeuix-Oneix is eastern low Navarrese.

Religious heritage

The Church of Saint John the Baptist at Amendeuix
The Church of Saint Peter at Oneix

Two churches in the commune are registered as historical monuments:

Amenities

Education

The commune has a kindergarten.

Amendeuix, Gabat, Ilharre, and Labets-Biscay have partnered to create an inter-educational grouping (RPI[27]).

See also

References

  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 16 April 2024.
  2. ^ "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
  3. ^ a b Brigitte Jobbé-Duval, Dictionary of place-names - Pyrénées-Atlantiques, 2009, Archives and Culture, ISBN 978-2-35077-151-9 (in French)
  4. ^ Euskaltzaindia - Academy of the Basque Language
  5. ^ Google Maps
  6. ^ Géoportail, IGN (in French)
  7. ^ Euskaltzaindia - Academy of the Basque language (in French)
  8. ^ a b Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque Toponymy, Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006, 246 pages, ISBN 2 86781 396 4 (in French)
  9. ^ Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 (in French)
  10. ^ Cassini Map 1750 – Amendeuix-Oneix
  11. ^ Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  12. ^ Titles published by don José Yanguas y Miranda (in Spanish)
  13. ^ Titles of the Chamber of the Counts of Pau in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  14. ^ Derecho de naturaleza que la merindad de San-Juan-del-pie-del-puerto, una de las seys de Navarra, tiene en Castilla, 1622 (in Spanish)
  15. ^ Philippe Veyrin, The Basques, Arthaud, 1975, ISBN 2 7003 0038 6, p. 248. (in French)
  16. ^ List of Mayors of France
  17. ^ Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, Collective work, Amikuze-Mixe Country, Éditions Izpegi, 1992, ISBN 2 909262 05 7, p. 77 (in French)
  18. ^ Census cited by Manex Goyhenetche in General History of Basque Country - Vol. 3, Elkarlanean, 2001, ISBN 2 9131 5634 7, p. 26. (in French). The same work by Manex Goyhenetche indicated on page 284 that there was an average of 5.5 people per fire.
  19. ^ Transcribed and published by Ricardo Cierbide, Censos de población de la Baja Navarra, Max Niemeyer Verlag, Tübingen, 1993
  20. ^ Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, E 575, transcribed by Louis Baratchart in The Friends of Old Navarre, January 1995, pages 44-54 (in French)
  21. ^ Bibliothèque nationale, 6956, Moreau Register 979, cited by Manex Goyhenetche in General History of Basque Country - Vol. 3, Elkarlanean, 2001, ISBN 2 9131 5634 7, page 299 (in French)
  22. ^ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Amendeuix-Oneix, EHESS (in French).
  23. ^ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Oneix, EHESS (in French).
  24. ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  25. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000681 Church of Saint Peter (in French)
  26. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000680 Church of Saint John the Baptist (in French)
  27. ^ RPI website (in French)

External links

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