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Alianza Democrática Nacional

La Alianza Democrática Nacional ( NDA ; ISO : Rāṣṭrīya Lokatāṁtrika Gaṭhabaṁdhana ) es un grupo político indio de derecha liderado por el Partido Bharatiya Janata (BJP). [8] Fue fundada el 15 de mayo de 1998 [9] y actualmente controla el gobierno de la India , así como el gobierno de 19 estados indios y un territorio de la Unión .

Su primer presidente fue el entonces primer ministro de la India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee . LK Advani , ex viceprimer ministro , asumió la presidencia en 2004 y sirvió hasta 2014, y Amit Shah ha sido el presidente desde 2014. La coalición gobernó de 1998 a 2004. La alianza regresó al poder en las elecciones generales de 2014 con una participación de votos combinada del 38,5%. [10] Su líder Narendra Modi juró como primer ministro de la India el 26 de mayo de 2014. En las elecciones generales de 2019 , la alianza aumentó aún más su recuento a 353 escaños con una participación de votos combinada del 45,43%. [11] La alianza perdió 60 escaños en las elecciones generales de 2024 , pero retuvo los suficientes para formar un gobierno de coalición, una novedad en más de 10 años. El 7 de junio de 2024, Modi confirmó el apoyo de 293 parlamentarios a Droupadi Murmu , el presidente de la India . [12] Esto marcó el tercer mandato de Modi como primer ministro y su primera vez al frente de un gobierno de coalición , [13] con el Partido Telugu Desam de Andhra Pradesh y Janata Dal (United) de Bihar emergiendo como dos aliados principales. [14] [15] [16]

Historia

Atal Bihari Vajpayee, primer primer ministro de la NDA
Narendra Modi, segundo y actual primer ministro de la NDA

La NDA se formó en mayo de 1998 como una coalición para competir en las elecciones generales . El objetivo principal de la NDA era formar una coalición anti- Congreso Nacional Indio . Estaba liderada por el BJP e incluía varios partidos regionales, incluido el Partido Samata y el AIADMK , así como Shiv Sena , pero Shiv Sena se separó de la alianza en 2019 para unirse a Maha Vikas Aghadi con el Congreso y el NCP . El Partido Samata también se separó de la alianza en 2003 después de la formación de Janta Dal (United) . El Shiv Sena era el único miembro que compartía la ideología hindutva del BJP. [17] [18] Después de las elecciones, pudo reunir una escasa mayoría con el apoyo externo del Partido Telugu Desam , lo que permitió que Atal Bihari Vajpayee regresara como primer ministro. [19]

El gobierno se derrumbó en menos de un año porque el AIADMK le retiró su apoyo. Tras la entrada de unos cuantos partidos regionales más, la NDA ganó las elecciones de 1999 con una mayoría más amplia. Vajpayee se convirtió en primer ministro por tercera vez, y esta vez cumplió un mandato completo de cinco años. [20]

La NDA convocó elecciones a principios de 2004 , seis meses antes de lo previsto. Su campaña se basó en el lema "India brilla", que intentaba retratar al gobierno de la NDA como responsable de una rápida transformación económica del país. Sin embargo, la NDA sufrió una derrota, ganando solo 186 escaños en la Lok Sabha, en comparación con los 222 de la Alianza Progresista Unida liderada por el Congreso , con Manmohan Singh sucediendo a Vajpayee como primer ministro. Los comentaristas han argumentado que la derrota de la NDA se debió a un fracaso en llegar a las masas rurales. [21] [22] Sin embargo, el escenario cambió rápidamente con el ascenso del CM de Gujarat Narendra Modi , quien se convirtió en el primer ministro de la India a partir de 2014. La NDA actualmente tiene un gobierno de supermayoría en la Lok Sabha.

Estructura

La Alianza Democrática Nacional no tiene una estructura de gobierno formal, como una junta ejecutiva o un politburó . Ha sido responsabilidad de los líderes de los partidos individuales tomar decisiones sobre cuestiones como el reparto de escaños en las elecciones, la asignación de ministerios y las cuestiones que se plantean en el Parlamento. Dadas las diversas ideologías entre los partidos, ha habido muchos casos de desacuerdo y votación dividida entre los aliados.

Debido a problemas de salud, George Fernandes , que fue el coordinador de la NDA hasta 2008, fue relevado de su responsabilidad y reemplazado por Sharad Yadav , el entonces presidente nacional del partido político JD(U) . El 16 de junio de 2013, el JD(U) abandonó la coalición y Sharad Yadav renunció al cargo de coordinador de la NDA. Luego, el Ministro Principal de Andhra Pradesh, N. Chandrababu Naidu, fue nombrado coordinador de la NDA. [23] Más tarde, en 2018, después de la retirada del TDP de la NDA, el puesto de coordinador quedó vacante. Sin embargo, los aliados de la NDA como LJP exigieron el nombramiento de un coordinador en 2019 para una mejor coordinación de los aliados. [24]

El 27 de julio de 2017, el JD(U), con la ayuda del BJP, formó gobierno en Bihar. Más tarde, el 19 de agosto de 2017, el JD(U) se reincorporó formalmente a la NDA después de cuatro años. [25]

Fuerza en el parlamento

MPS por estado

Gobiernos

El BJP ha sido hasta ahora el único partido en el poder en Delhi y Jharkhand . También ha gobernado Jammu y Cachemira y Punjab como parte de gobiernos de coalición y alianza.

La NDA nunca ha estado en el poder en tres estados: Kerala , Telangana (entre 1999 y 2004, el BJP en alianza con el TDP gobernó un Andhra Pradesh unido) y Bengala Occidental . Pero la NDA liderada por el BJP ha gobernado muchas instituciones de gobierno local, incluidas corporaciones, municipios y panchayats , y también ha sido elegida para muchos distritos electorales de Lok Sabha, distritos electorales de asambleas estatales y divisiones y distritos de órganos locales en estos tres estados.

Lista de los gobiernos actuales de la NDA

Estados gobernados por el gobierno de la NDA

Fuerza en las asambleas legislativas

Fortalecimiento de las asambleas legislativas estatales

Lista de presidentes y vicepresidentes

Nótese que se refiere a nominación por alianza, ya que los cargos de Presidente y Vicepresidente son apolíticos.

Presidentes

Vicepresidentes

Lista de primeros ministros

Lista de viceprimeros ministros

Lista de ministros principales

Presencia de la NDA por estado o territorio de la unión

Lista de viceministros principales

Partidos miembros

A marzo de 2024, hay 39 partidos políticos que son miembros de la alianza. El Partido Bharatiya Janata y el Partido Popular Nacional son los únicos dos partidos políticos reconocidos por la Comisión Electoral de la India como partidos nacionales . [33] Otros partidos de la alianza son reconocidos como partidos a nivel estatal o partidos no reconocidos.

Candidatos en elecciones

Elecciones generales de la Lok Sabha

Historia electoral

Elecciones generales de la Lok Sabha de 1998

Elecciones generales de la Lok Sabha de 1999

Elecciones generales de la Lok Sabha de 2004

Elecciones generales de la Lok Sabha de 2009

Elecciones generales de la Lok Sabha de 2014

Contested on BJP symbol lotus

Lok Sabha 2019 general election

Contested on AIADMK two leaves symbol

Lok Sabha 2024 general election

Contested by BJP symbol lotus

Electoral performance

Timeline

2009

2011

2012

Presidential election
Vice-Presidential election

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

JJP joined hands with NDA to forming a stable government at Haryana with BJP[72]

Shiv Sena exited from the NDA, as BJP was not willing to agree for Sharing CM Post with Shiv Sena to form government in Maharashtra.[73]

BJP, AJSU sever ties in Jharkhand days before Assembly elections 2019.[74]

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

See also

Notes

References

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External links