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1900–1940 South Pacific cyclone seasons

The following is a list of all reported tropical cyclones within the South Pacific Ocean, to the east of 160°E, from 1900 to 1940.

Background

Ancient Polynesians and others who inhabited the tropical Pacific before the Europeans arrived, knew of and feared the hurricanes of the South Pacific.[1] They were keen and accurate observers of nature and developed various myths and legends, which reflected their knowledge of these systems.[1] For example, the people of Mangaia in the Cook Islands had over 30 different names for the wind direction including Maoaketa, which indicated that a cyclonic storm existed to the west of the island.[1] During the 1700s, Captain James Cook conducted three voyages within the Pacific Ocean and it is thought that he did not collect any information about or experience any tropical cyclones.[1] Europeans that followed Cook soon realised that the South Pacific was not free of hurricanes and were the first to publish accounts about the systems.[1]

During 1853, Thomas Dobson became the first person to collate information about these systems, in order to attempt to understand and explain the characteristics of 24 tropical cyclones.[1] However, these descriptions were considered to be vague and of little value, because he only had a small amount of data and no synoptic weather charts.[1] Over the next 40 years various reports, journals and log books on the storms were published before E Knipping consolidated these reports and extended Dobson's list out to 120 tropical cyclones during 1893.[1] During the 1920s Stephen Sargent Visher did some research into tropical cyclones in the Pacific and visited several island nations; including Fiji, Japan and the Philippines to obtain information on potential systems.[2] He also consulted various journals and reports as well as Dobson's and Knipping's work, before he authored a number of papers on tropical cyclones in the Pacific.[3] These papers contained information about 259 tropical storms in the South Pacific between 160°E and 140°W, two of which occurred during 1789 and 1819, while the rest occurred between 1830 and 1923.[1] Visher also tried to estimate how many systems were occurring on an annual basis in each area, but overcompensated for his incomplete records and came up with a figure of 12 severe tropical cyclones per year.[1][2] During Visher's time and until the start of World War II, there was insufficient information available to allow for an accurate deception of tropical cyclone tracks.[1]

Systems

1900–09

1910s

1920s

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

See also

1900s

1910s

1920s

1930s

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Kerr, Ian S (March 1, 1976). "Tropical Storms and Hurricanes in the Southwest Pacific: November 1939 to May 1969" (PDF). pp. 23–28. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved August 11, 2013.
  2. ^ a b Visher, Stephen Sargent (June 1922). "Tropical Cyclones in Australia and the South Pacific and Indian Oceans" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 50 (6): 288–295. Bibcode:1922MWRv...50..288V. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1922)50<288:TCIAAT>2.0.CO;2.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Visher, Stephen Sargent (1925). "Hurricanes in the Western South Pacific". Bulletin 20: Tropical Cyclones of the Pacific. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum. pp. 37–38.hdl:2027/mdp.39015023271763
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Gabites, John Fletcher (May 17, 1978). Information Sheet No. 27: Tropical cyclones affecting Fiji: 1840 – 1923 (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service.
  5. ^ a b "Hurricane at the Islands". The Daily Telegraph. No. 6479. New South Wales, Australia. 17 March 1900. p. 10. Retrieved 8 August 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc d'Aubert, AnaMaria; Nunn, Patrick D (March 2012). "Database 1: Tropical Cyclones (1558–1970)". Furious Winds and Parched Islands: Tropical Cyclones (1558–1970) and Droughts (1722–1987) in the Pacific. pp. 172–241. ISBN 978-1-4691-7008-4.
  7. ^ "Our Telegrams". The Cobargo Chronicle. February 15, 1901. p. 3. Retrieved November 9, 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  8. ^ a b c d e f "Autour De La Saison 1982–1983 Des Perturbations Tropicales En Polynésie Française" [Around the 1982–1983 Season of Tropical Disturbances in French Polynesia]. Météorologie Maritime. 120: 14–30. ISSN 2107-0830.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Gosai, Ashmita; Motilal, Simon (August 15, 2001). Information Sheet No. 125: List of Floods Occuring [sic] in the Fiji Islands: 1840 – 2000 (PDF) (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 22, 2012. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  10. ^ "Hurricane in the New Hebridies". The Evening Telegraph. Vol. 6, no. 1768. February 12, 1907. p. 3. Retrieved November 9, 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  11. ^ a b c d e Radford, Deirdre A; Blong, Russell J (1992). "Cyclones in the Solomon Islands". Natural Disasters in the Solomon Islands (PDF). Vol. 1 (2 ed.). The Australian International Development Assistance Bureau. pp. 125–126. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 2, 2014. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
  12. ^ a b c d e "Climatologie des cyclones: Phénomènes ayant le plus durement touché la Nouvelle-Calédonie: De 1880 à nos jours" [Climatologie des cyclones: Phenomena that have hit New Caledonia the hardest from 1880 to the present day] (in French). Meteo France New Caledonia. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h Basher, Reid; Collen, Bronwen; Fitzharris, Blair; Hay, John; Mullan, Brett; Salinger, Jim (April 1992). "Appendix 4: Tropical Cyclones affecting the Southwest Pacific 1830–1989". Preliminary Studies for South Pacific Climate Change (PDF). The New Zealand Meteorological Service. p. 51. ISBN 047707345X.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Gabites, John Fletcher (May 17, 1978). Information Sheet No. 28: Tropical Cyclones in Fiji: 1923 – 1939 (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service.
  15. ^ a b c d Tropical cyclones in Vanuatu: 1847 to 1994 (PDF) (Report). Vanuatu Meteorological Service. May 19, 1994. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 28, 2024. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  16. ^ a b Yeo, Stephen W.; Blong, Russell J. (July 2010). "Fiji's worst natural disaster: the 1931 hurricane and flood". Disasters. 34 (3). Wiley: 657–683. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7717.2010.01163.x. PMID 20298265.
  17. ^ a b "Fijian Doctor Saves Island Population". The Uralla Times. April 30, 1936. p. 2. Retrieved November 9, 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  18. ^ a b Gabites, John Fletcher (March 17, 1977). Information Sheet No. 7: Tropical Cyclones in Fiji: 1939/40 – 1948/49 (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service.

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