Nickel–Strunz 9 ed mineral class number 8 (isolated tetrahedral units, mainly)
Apatite Phosphate minerals are minerals that contain the tetrahedrally coordinated phosphate (PO3− 4 ) anion , sometimes with arsenate (AsO3− 4 ) and vanadate (VO3− 4 ) substitutions, along with chloride (Cl− ), fluoride (F− ), and hydroxide (OH− ) anions, that also fit into the crystal structure .
The phosphate class of minerals is a large and diverse group, however, only a few species are relatively common.
Applications Thin section of apatite-rich carbonate in cross polarized transmitted light.Phosphate rock has high concentration of phosphate minerals, most commonly from the apatite group of minerals. It is the major resource mined to produce phosphate fertilizers for the agricultural industry. Phosphate is also used in animal feed supplements, food preservatives , anti-corrosion agents, cosmetics , fungicides , ceramics , water treatment and metallurgy .
The production of fertilizer is the largest source responsible for minerals mined for their phosphate content.
Phosphate minerals are often used to control rust, and to prevent corrosion on ferrous materials applied with electrochemical conversion coatings .
Examples Phosphate minerals include:
Triphylite Li(Fe,Mn)PO4 Monazite (La, Y, Nd, Sm, Gd, Ce,Th)PO4 , rare earth metalsHinsdalite PbAl3 (PO4 )(SO4 )(OH)6 Pyromorphite Pb5 (PO4 )3 ClAmblygonite LiAlPO4 FLazulite (Mg,Fe)Al2 (PO4 )2 (OH)2 Wavellite Al3 (PO4 )2 (OH)3 ·5H2 OTurquoise CuAl6 (PO4 )4 (OH)8 ·5H2 OAutunite Ca(UO2 )2 (PO4 )2 ·10–12H2 OPhosphophyllite Zn2 (Fe,Mn)(PO4 )2 ·4H2 OStruvite (NH4 )MgPO4 ·6H2 OXenotime -Y Y(PO4 )Apatite group Ca5 (PO4 )3 (F,Cl,OH)Mitridatite group:Arseniosiderite -mitridatite series (Ca2 (Fe3+ )3 [(O)2 |(AsO4 )3 ]·3H2 O -- Ca2 (Fe3+ )3 [(O)2 |(PO4 )3 ]·3H2 O)[1] Arseniosiderite-robertsite series (Ca2 (Fe3+ )3 [(O)2 |(AsO4 )3 ]·3H2 O -- Ca3 (Mn3+ )4 [(OH)3 |(PO4 )2 ]2 ·3H2 O)[2]
Nickel–Strunz classification -08- phosphates IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009). This list uses it to modify the classification of Nickel–Strunz (mindat.org , 10 ed, pending publication).
Abbreviations:"*" – discredited (IMA/CNMNC status). "?" – questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC status). "REE" – Rare-earth element (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) "PGE" – Platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt) 03.C Aluminofluorides, 06 Borates, 08 Vanadates (04.H V[5,6] Vanadates), 09 Silicates:Neso: insular (from Greek νησος nēsos, island) Soro: grouping (from Greek σωροῦ sōros, heap, mound (especially of corn)) Cyclo: ring Ino: chain (from Greek ις [genitive: ινος inos ], fibre) Phyllo: sheet (from Greek φύλλον phyllon , leaf) Tekto: three-dimensional framework Nickel–Strunz code scheme: NN.XY.##xNN: Nickel–Strunz mineral class number X: Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter Y: Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter ##x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter
Class: phosphates 08.A Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O08.AA With small cations (some also with larger ones): 05 Berlinite , 05 Rodolicoite; 10 Beryllonite , 15 Hurlbutite, 20 Lithiophosphate , 25 Nalipoite, 30 Olympite 08.AB With medium-sized cations: 05 Farringtonite; 10 Ferrisicklerite, 10 Heterosite, 10 Natrophilite , 10 Lithiophilite , 10 Purpurite , 10 Sicklerite, 10 Simferite, 10 Triphylite ; 15 Chopinite, 15 Sarcopside; 20 Beusite, 20 Graftonite 08.AC With medium-sized and large cations: 10 IMA2008-054, 10 Alluaudite , 10 Hagendorfite , 10 Ferroalluaudite, 10 Maghagendorfite, 10 Varulite, 10 Ferrohagendorfite*; 15 Bobfergusonite , 15 Ferrowyllieite, 15 Qingheiite, 15 Rosemaryite, 15 Wyllieite, 15 Ferrorosemaryite; 20 Maricite , 30 Brianite , 35 Vitusite-(Ce); 40 Olgite ?, 40 Bario-olgite; 45 Ferromerrillite, 45 Bobdownsite , 45 Merrillite-(Ca)*, 45 Merrillite , 45 Merrillite-(Y)*, 45 Whitlockite , 45 Tuite, 45 Strontiowhitlockite; 50 Stornesite-(Y), 50 Xenophyllite , 50 Fillowite, 50 Chladniite, 50 Johnsomervilleite, 50 Galileiite; 55 Harrisonite, 60 Kosnarite , 65 Panethite , 70 Stanfieldite, 90 IMA2008-064 08.AD With only large cations: 05 Nahpoite, 10 Monetite, 15 Archerite , 15 Biphosphammite; 20 Phosphammite, 25 Buchwaldite; 35 Pretulite, 35 Xenotime -(Y), 35 Xenotime-(Yb); 45 Ximengite , 50 Monazite -(Ce), 50 Monazite-(La), 50 Monazite-(Nd), 50 Monazite-(Sm), 50 Brabantite ? 08.B Phosphates, etc. with Additional Anions, without H2 O08.BA With small and medium-sized cations: 05 Vayrynenite; 10 Hydroxylherderite , 10 Herderite ; 15 Babefphite 08.BB With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 £1:1: 05 Amblygonite , 05 Natromontebrasite ?, 05 Montebrasite ?, 05 Tavorite; 10 Zwieselite, 10 Triplite , 10 Magniotriplite?, 10 Hydroxylwagnerite; 15 Joosteite, 15 Stanekite, 15 Triploidite , 15 Wolfeite, 15 Wagnerite ; 20 Satterlyite , 20 Holtedahlite; 25 Althausite ; 30 Libethenite , 30 Zincolibethenite; 35 Tarbuttite ; 40 Barbosalite, 40 Hentschelite, 40 Scorzalite , 40 Lazulite ; 45 Trolleite, 55 Phosphoellenbergerite; 90 Zinclipscombite , 90 Lipscombite , 90 Richellite 08.BC With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 1:1 and < 2:1: 10 Plimerite, 10 Frondelite, 10 Rockbridgeite 08.BD With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 2:1: 05 Pseudomalachite , 05 Reichenbachite, 10 Gatehouseite , 25 Ludjibaite 08.BE With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 2:1: 05 Augelite , 10 Grattarolaite, 15 Cornetite , 30 Raadeite, 85 Waterhouseite 08.BF With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 < 0.5:1: 05 Arrojadite, 05 Arrojadite-(BaFe), 05 Arrojadite-(KFe), 05 Arrojadite-(NaFe), 05 Arrojadite-(SrFe), 05 Arrojadite-(KNa), 05 Arrojadite-(PbFe), 05 Arrojadite-(BaNa), 05 Fluorarrojadite-(BaNa), 05 Fluorarrojadite-(KNa), 05 Fluorarrojadite-(BaFe), 05 Ferri-arrojadite-(BaNa), 05 Dickinsonite, 05 Dickinsonite-(KNa), 05 Dickinsonite-(KMnNa), 05 Dickinsonite-(KNaNa), 05 Dickinsonite-(NaNa); 10 Samuelsonite , 15 Griphite, 20 Nabiasite 08.BG With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 0.5:1: 05 Bearthite, 05 Goedkenite, 05 Tsumebite ; 10 Melonjosephite, 15 Tancoite 08.BH With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 = 1:1: 05 Thadeuite; 10 Lacroixite, 10 Isokite, 10 Panasqueiraite; 15 Drugmanite; 20 Bjarebyite, 20 Kulanite, 20 Penikisite , 20 Perloffite, 20 Johntomaite; 25 Bertossaite, 25 Palermoite; 55 Jagowerite, 60 Attakolite 08.BK With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.): 05 Brazilianite , 15 Curetonite, 25 Lulzacite 08.BL With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 3:1: 05 Corkite , 05 Hinsdalite, 05 Orpheite, 05 Woodhouseite , 05 Svanbergite ; 10 Kintoreite, 10 Benauite, 10 Crandallite , 10 Goyazite, 10 Springcreekite, 10 Gorceixite; 10 Lusungite?, 10 Plumbogummite , 10 Ferrazite?; 13 Eylettersite, 13 Florencite -(Ce), 13 Florencite-(La), 13 Florencite-(Nd), 13 Waylandite , 13 Zairite ; 15 Viitaniemiite, 20 Kuksite, 25 Pattersonite 08.BM With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 4:1: 10 Paulkellerite, 15 Brendelite 08.BN With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 0.33:1: 05 IMA2008-068, 05 Phosphohedyphane, 05 IMA2008-009, 05 Alforsite , 05 Apatite *, 05 Apatite-(CaOH), 05 Apatite-(CaCl), 05 Apatite-(CaF), 05 Apatite-(SrOH), 05 Apatite-(CaOH)-M, Carbonate-fluorapatite ?, 05 Carbonate-hydroxylapatite?, 05 Belovite-(Ce), 05 Belovite-(La), 05 Fluorcaphite , 05 Pyromorphite , 05 Hydroxylpyromorphite, 05 Deloneite-(Ce), 05 Kuannersuite-(Ce), 10 Arctite 08.BO With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 1:1: 05 Nacaphite, 10 Petitjeanite, 15 Smrkovecite, 25 Heneuite, 30 Nefedovite, 40 Artsmithite 08.C Phosphates without Additional Anions, with H2 O08.CA With small and large/medium cations: 05 Fransoletite, 05 Parafransoletite; 10 Ehrleite, 15 Faheyite; 20 Gainesite, 20 Mccrillisite, 20 Selwynite; 25 Pahasapaite, 30 Hopeite , 40 Phosphophyllite ; 45 Parascholzite, 45 Scholzite; 65 Gengenbachite, 70 Parahopeite 08.CB With only medium-sized cations, RO4 :H2 O = 1:1: 05 Serrabrancaite , 10 Hureaulite 08.CC With only medium-sized cations, RO4 :H2 O = 1:1.5: 05 Garyansellite, 05 Kryzhanovskite, 05 Landesite, 05 Phosphoferrite, 05 Reddingite 08.CD With only medium-sized cations, RO4 :H2 O = 1:2: 05 Kolbeckite , 05 Metavariscite, 05 Phosphosiderite ; 10 Strengite , 10 Variscite ; 20 Ludlamite 08.CE With only medium-sized cations, RO4 :H2 O £1:2.5: 10 Newberyite, 20 Phosphorrosslerite; 25 Metaswitzerite, 25 Switzerite ; 35 Bobierrite; 40 Arupite, 40 Baricite, 40 Vivianite , 40 Pakhomovskyite; 50 Cattiite , 55 Koninckite; 75 IMA2008-046, 75 Malhmoodite ; 80 Santabarbaraite , 85 Metavivianite 08.CF With large and medium-sized cations, RO4 :H2 O > 1:1: 05 Tassieite, 05 Wicksite, 05 Bederite; 10 Haigerachite 08.CG With large and medium-sized cations, RO4 :H2 O = 1:1: 05 Collinsite , 05 Cassidyite, 05 Fairfieldite, 05 Messelite , 05 Hillite, (05 Uranophane-beta but Uranophane 09.AK.15); 20 Phosphogartrellite 08.CH With large and medium-sized cations, RO4 :H2 O < 1:1: 10 Anapaite , 20 Dittmarite, 20 Niahite, 25 Francoanellite, 25 Taranakite , 30 Schertelite, 35 Hannayite, 40 Hazenite , 40 Struvite , 40 Struvite-(K), 45 Rimkorolgite, 50 Bakhchisaraitsevite, 55 IMA2008-048 08.CJ With only large cations: 05 Stercorite , 10 Mundrabillaite, 10 Swaknoite, 15 Nastrophite, 15 Nabaphite, 45 Brockite , 45 Grayite , 45 Rhabdophane-(Ce), 45 Rhabdophane-(La), 45 Rhabdophane-(Nd), 45 Tristramite, 50 Brushite , 50 Churchite-(Dy)*, 50 Churchite-(Nd), 50 Churchite-(Y), 50 Ardealite, 60 Dorfmanite, 70 Catalanoite, 80 Ningyoite 08.D Phosphates08.DA With small (and occasionally larger) cations: 05 Moraesite, 10 Footemineite, 10 Ruifrancoite, 10 Guimaraesite, 10 Roscherite, 10 Zanazziite , 10 Atencioite , 10 Greifensteinite ; 15 Uralolite, 20 Weinebeneite, 25 Tiptopite, 30 Veszelyite, 35 Kipushite, 40 Spencerite, 45 Glucine 08.DB With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 < 1:1: 05 Diadochite , 10 Vashegyite, 15 Schoonerite, 20 Sinkankasite , 25 Mitryaevaite, 30 Sanjuanite, 50 Giniite, 55 Sasaite, 60 Mcauslanite, 65 Goldquarryite, 70 Birchite 08.DC With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 1:1 and < 2:1: 05 Nissonite ; 15 Kunatite, 15 Earlshannonite, 15 Whitmoreite; 17 Kleemanite, 20 Bermanite, 207? Oxiberaunite*, 22 Kovdorskite ; 25 Ferrostrunzite, 25 Ferristrunzite, 25 Metavauxite, 25 Strunzite ; 27 Beraunite ; 30 Gordonite, 30 Laueite, 30 Sigloite, 30 Paravauxite , 30 Ushkovite, 30 Ferrolaueite, 30 Mangangordonite, 30 Pseudolaueite, 30 Stewartite, 30 Kastningite, 35 Vauxite , 37 Vantasselite , 40 Cacoxenite ; 45 Gormanite , 45 Souzalite; 47 Kingite; 50 Wavellite , 50 Allanpringite , 52 Kribergite, 60 Nevadaite 08.DD With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 2:1: 15 Aheylite , 15 Chalcosiderite , 15 Faustite , 15 Planerite, 15 Turquoise ; 20 Ernstite, 20 Childrenite , 20 Eosphorite 08.DE With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 3:1: 05 Senegalite , 10 Fluellite , 20 Zapatalite, (35 Alumoakermanite, Mindat.org: 09.BB.10), 35 Aldermanite 08.DF With only medium-sized cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 > 3:1: 05 Hotsonite -VII, 05 Hotsonite-VI; 10 Bolivarite, 10 Evansite, 10 Rosieresite, 25 Sieleckiite, 40 Gladiusite 08.DG With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 < 0.5:1: 05 Sampleite 08.DH With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 < 1:1: 05 Minyulite ; 10 Leucophosphite , 10 Spheniscidite , 10 Tinsleyite; 15 Kaluginite*, 15 Keckite, 15 Jahnsite-(CaMnFe), 15 Jahnsite-(CaMnMg), 15 Jahnsite-(CaMnMn), 15 Jahnsite-(MnMnMn)*, 15 Jahnsite-(CaFeFe), 15 Jahnsite-(NaFeMg), 15 Jahnsite-(CaMgMg), 15 Jahnsite-(NaMnMg), 15 Rittmannite, 15 Whiteite -(MnFeMg), 15 Whiteite-(CaFeMg), 15 Whiteite-(CaMnMg); 20 Manganosegelerite, 20 Overite , 20 Segelerite , 20 Wilhelmvierlingite, 20 Juonniite ; 25 Calcioferrite, 25 Kingsmountite, 25 Montgomeryite , 25 Zodacite; 30 Lunokite, 30 Pararobertsite, 30 Robertsite , 30 Mitridatite; 35 Matveevite?, 35 Mantienneite, 35 Paulkerrite, 35 Benyacarite, 40 Xanthoxenite , 55 Englishite 08.DJ With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 1:l: 05 Johnwalkite, 05 Olmsteadite, 10 Gatumbaite, 20 Meurigite-Na, 20 Meurigite-K, 20 Phosphofibrite, 25 Jungite, 30 Wycheproofite, 35 Ercitite, 40 Mrazekite 08.DK With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 1:1 and < 2:1: 15 Matioliite, 15 IMA2008-056, 15 Dufrenite, 15 Burangaite, 15 Natrodufrenite; 20 Kidwellite , 25 Bleasdaleite, 30 Matulaite, 35 Krasnovite 08.DL With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 2:1: 05 Foggite; 10 Cyrilovite , 10 Millisite, 10 Wardite ; 15 Petersite-(Y), 15 Calciopetersite; 25 Angastonite 08.DM With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 2:1: 05 Morinite, 15 Melkovite, 25 Gutsevichite?, 35 Delvauxite 08.DN With only large cations: 05 Natrophosphate, 10 Isoclasite, 15 Lermontovite, 20 Vyacheslavite 08.DO With CO3 , SO4 , SiO4 : 05 Girvasite, 10 Voggite, 15 Peisleyite, 20 Perhamite , 25 Saryarkite-(Y), 30 Micheelsenite, 40 Parwanite, 45 Skorpionite 08.E Uranyl Phosphates08.EA UO2 :RO4 = 1:2: 05 Phosphowalpurgite, 10 Parsonsite , 15 Ulrichite , 20 Lakebogaite 08.EB UO2 :RO4 = 1:1: 05 Autunite , 05 Uranocircite , 05 Torbernite , 05 Xiangjiangite , 05 Saleeite ; 10 Bassetite, 10 Meta-autunite, 10 Metauranocircite, 10 Metatorbernite , 10 Lehnerite, 10 Przhevalskite; 15 Chernikovite, 15 Meta-ankoleite, 15 Uramphite ; 20 Threadgoldite, 25 Uranospathite, 30 Vochtenite, 35 Coconinoite , 40 Ranunculite, 45 Triangulite, 50 Furongite, 55 Sabugalite 08.EC UO2 :RO4 = 3:2: 05 Francoisite-(Ce), 05 Francoisite-(Nd), 05 Phuralumite, 05 Upalite ; 10 Kivuite?, 10 Yingjiangite , 10 Renardite, 10 Dewindtite, 10 Phosphuranylite ; 15 Dumontite; 20 Metavanmeersscheite, 20 Vanmeersscheite; 25 Althupite , 30 Mundite , 35 Phurcalite, 40 Bergenite 08.ED Unclassified: 05 Moreauite, 10 Sreinite, 15 Kamitugaite 08.F Polyphosphates08.FA Polyphosphates, without OH and H2 O; dimers of corner-sharing RO4 tetrahedra: 20 Pyrocoproite*, 20 Pyrophosphite * 08.FC Polyphosphates, with H2 O only: 10 Canaphite, 20 Arnhemite*, 25 Wooldridgeite, 30 Kanonerovite 08.X Unclassified Strunz Phosphates08.XX Unknown: 00 Sodium-autunite, 00 Pseudo-autunite*, 00 Cheralite -(Ce)?, 00 Laubmannite?, 00 Spodiosite?, 00 Sodium meta-autunite, 00 Kerstenite?, 00 Lewisite , 00 Coeruleolactite, 00 Viseite, 00 IMA2009-005
References ^ "Arseniosiderite-Mitridatite Series". Mindat.org . Archived from the original on Jan 14, 2023. ^ "Arseniosiderite-Robertsite Series". Mindat.org . Archived from the original on Jan 13, 2023. Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy , 20th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York ISBN 0-471-80580-7 Stuart J. Mills; Frédéric Hatert; Ernest H. Nickel & Giovanni Ferraris (2009). "The standardisation of mineral group hierarchies: application to recent nomenclature proposals" (PDF) . Eur. J. Mineral . 21 (5): 1073–1080. Bibcode :2009EJMin..21.1073M. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1994. Archived from the original (PDF) on Oct 30, 2013. Ernest H. Nickel & Monte C. Nichols (March 2009). "IMA/CNMNC List of Mineral Name" (PDF) . IMA-CNMNC. Archived from the original (PDF) on Jun 26, 2013. Ferraiolo, Jim. "Minerals Arranged by Nickel-Strunz (Version 10) Classification". Mineralogy Database. Archived from the original on Aug 4, 2023. Webmineral - Dana - Australian Mineral Atlas