This article serves as a list of the political parties in Spain.
Spain has a multi-party system at both the national and regional level, the major parties nationwide being the People's Party (PP) and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).
Spain was formerly considered to have a two-party system dominated by the PSOE and the PP;[1] however, the current makeup has no formation or coalition with enough seats to claim a parliamentary majority in the bicameral Cortes Generales (consisting of both the national Congress of Deputies and regional representation in the Senate). Regional parties can be strong in autonomous communities, notably Catalonia and the Basque Country, and are often essential for national government coalitions.
National political formations of Spain
- People's Party (Partido Popular, PP) — mainstream centre-right party, that is conservative, Catholic and economically liberal and which conforms the largest group in Congress[2] and Senate and leads the parliamentary opposition. The People's Party originates from the People's Alliance (Alianza Popular, AP) refoundation in 1989.[3] The party has governed from 1996 to 2004 and from 2011 to 2018.
- Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español, PSOE) — mainstream centre-left social democratic party linked to General Union of Workers (Unión General de Trabajadores, UGT) trade union. The Socialists' Party of Catalonia (Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya, PSC) acts as the party's instance in Catalonia. The party has governed from 1982 to 1996, from 2004 to 2011 and since 2018.
- Vox — a right-wing to far-right party that split from the People's Party in 2014;[4] their main ideologies are social and national conservatism, economic liberalism and centralism (i.e. strong opposition to Spain's peripheral nationalisms). Vox opposes LGBT movements in Spain[5] while endorsing anti-LGBT rhetoric abroad,[6][7] rejects european federalism[8] and defends narrowing the naturalisation of immigrant individuals of Maghrebi origin.[9] It has allied to other right-wing to far-right political parties from Latin America,[10][11] Italian Brothers of Italy[12] and Hungarian Fidesz.[13]
- Sumar — a left-wing and progressive electoral platform established in 2022, constituted as an instrumental political party. It conforms an alliance of left-wing formations, some of them formerly comprising the Unidas Podemos and Más País political alliances, including nationwide United Left, Más Madrid, Greens Equo and regional Compromís, Chunta and Batzarre, among others. Like preceding Unidas Podemos, Sumar forms a coalition with governing PSOE.
- We can (Podemos), a left-wing political party founded in 2014 in the aftermath of the 15-M Movement. It was in government as junior partner of the PSOE from 2020 to 2023, within the alliance Unidas Podemos.
- Citizens (Ciudadanos, Cs) — a centre-right[14] liberal and Spanish nationalist party. It supports a high degree of political decentralization, but it rejects autonomous communities' right to self-determination. Once the third-largest force in Congress, its popular support sharply declined in the November 2019 general election.[15][16] The party has established an electoral alliance with PP in the Basque Country.[17] It didn't contest the latest general elections.
Political parties with parliamentary representation
Represented in Cortes Generales
