Monedas conmemorativas de 2 euros

Commemorative coins of the Eurozone

Monedas conmemorativas de 2 euros

Las monedas conmemorativas de 2€ son monedas de euro especiales que han sido acuñadas y emitidas por los estados miembros de la eurozona desde 2004 como de curso legal en todos los estados miembros de la eurozona.

Las monedas de 2€ son las únicas monedas destinadas a la circulación que pueden emitirse como monedas conmemorativas. Solo difieren entre sí los anversos nacionales , mientras que los reversos comunes no lo son. Las monedas conmemoran habitualmente aniversarios de acontecimientos históricos o acontecimientos actuales de especial importancia.

Desde 2012, el número de monedas conmemorativas está limitado a dos por país y año; anteriormente, solo se permitía una. Las emisiones de monedas conmemorativas comunes o de un jefe de Estado vacante no cuentan para el límite. El número total de monedas conmemorativas puestas en circulación por año también está limitado. Las monedas conmemorativas deben seguir las normas de diseño estipuladas para las monedas de 2€ normales, con limitaciones de diseño para garantizar la uniformidad.

Hasta finales de 2023 se han emitido 513 variantes de monedas conmemorativas de 2€. Finlandia , Italia , Luxemburgo , San Marino y la Ciudad del Vaticano son los únicos países que han emitido al menos una moneda conmemorativa cada año desde 2004.

Aunque se han convertido en objetos de colección , las monedas conmemorativas de 2 € son diferentes de las monedas conmemorativas de euro de denominación no estándar , que se designan oficialmente como "monedas de colección", no están destinadas a la circulación y generalmente están hechas de metales preciosos. ^[1]

Mapa de colores* de los países de la eurozona según el número de monedas conmemorativas de 2€ emitidas *Estado 25 de septiembre de 2024

  Se emitieron entre 37 y 40 monedas

  Se emitieron entre 33 y 36 monedas

  Se emitieron entre 29 y 32 monedas

  Se emitieron entre 25 y 28 monedas

  Se emitieron entre 21 y 24 monedas

  Se emitieron entre 17 y 20 monedas

  Se emitieron entre 13 y 16 monedas

  Se emitieron de 9 a 12 monedas

  Se emitieron de 5 a 8 monedas

  Se emitieron de 1 a 4 monedas

  no forma parte de la eurozona

Regulaciones y restricciones

Las monedas conmemorativas llevarán un diseño nacional distinto del de las monedas ordinarias y sólo conmemorarán hechos de gran relevancia nacional o europea. Las monedas conmemorativas emitidas colectivamente por todos los Estados miembros cuya moneda es el euro sólo conmemorarán hechos de la máxima relevancia europea y su diseño se entenderá sin perjuicio de las posibles exigencias constitucionales de dichos Estados miembros. La moneda de 2 euros constituye la denominación más adecuada para este fin, principalmente por su gran diámetro y por sus características técnicas, que ofrecen una protección adecuada contra la falsificación.

La base de las monedas de euro se deriva de una recomendación europea de 2003, que permitió cambiar los anversos nacionales de las monedas de euro a partir del 1 de enero de 2004. ^[2]

Respecto a ellos se aplican una serie de restricciones: ^{[3] [4] [1]}

• Las monedas conmemorativas tienen una cara nacional diferente a la habitual y mantienen la cara común.
• Tienen como finalidad conmemorar algún acontecimiento o personalidad relevante a nivel nacional o europeo.
• Cada Estado sólo puede emitir una moneda conmemorativa al año y siempre en formato de 2 euros. Desde 2013 se permiten dos monedas conmemorativas al año.
• Las emisiones conmemorativas conjuntas realizadas por todos los Estados de la eurozona (es decir, excluidos los Estados emisores de euros que no pertenecen a la UE), son adicionales a las emisiones realizadas por cada Estado individualmente.
• En caso de que la Sede del Estado se encuentre vacante u ocupada provisionalmente, dicho Estado podrá emitir una moneda conmemorativa adicional.
• La leyenda grabada en el canto de las monedas conmemorativas en euros destinadas a la circulación deberá ser la misma que la que figure en las monedas normales en euros destinadas a la circulación.
• Han limitado el volumen máximo de emisión.

El número total de monedas de este tipo puestas en circulación cada año no debe superar el mayor de los dos números siguientes: ^[5]

• 0,1% del número total de monedas de 2€ puestas en circulación por todos los miembros de la zona del euro. Este límite podrá aumentarse excepcionalmente hasta el 2,0% si la moneda conmemora un acontecimiento muy importante y notable; en este caso, el Estado miembro que emita ese número superior de monedas deberá abstenerse de poner en circulación monedas conmemorativas durante los cuatro años siguientes.
• 5,0% del número total de monedas de 2€ puestas en circulación por el Estado miembro que emita la moneda conmemorativa de 2€.

Desde 2005, las recomendaciones para el diseño de las caras nacionales de todas las monedas se han modificado, lo que ha afectado también a los diseños de las monedas conmemorativas de 2€ de los años siguientes. Para más información, véase Monedas en euros . ^{[ ¿Dónde? ]}

Los distintos Estados deben informarse mutuamente de los nuevos proyectos de diseño (tanto de las monedas "regulares" como de las monedas conmemorativas de 2 euros) así como al Consejo Europeo y a la Comisión Europea, que deben dar su visto bueno. Una consecuencia de lo anterior fue el caso de la moneda conmemorativa de 2 euros que Bélgica tenía previsto emitir en 2015 con motivo del 200 aniversario de la Batalla de Waterloo , que provocó las quejas de Francia y la renuncia de Bélgica a emitir una moneda de este tipo. Sin embargo, Bélgica emitió una moneda de colección de 2,50 euros, aprovechando que estas monedas no se someten a la información previa de sus proyectos de diseño.

En 2007 se modificó una ley holandesa que exige que el retrato del actual jefe de Estado de los Países Bajos y las palabras NAME (Koning/Koningin) der Nederlanden aparezcan en todas las monedas emitidas por los Países Bajos (por ejemplo, actualmente Willem-Alexander Koning der Nederlanden ), para que los Países Bajos pudieran participar en el programa de emisión de la moneda conmemorativa común de 2 € del "50º aniversario del Tratado de Roma", emitida por todos los estados miembros de la eurozona; la modificación eliminó por completo el requisito de las monedas conmemorativas de 2 €.

Asuntos

20 miembros de la eurozona y cuatro microestados ( Andorra , Mónaco , San Marino y Ciudad del Vaticano ) han emitido de forma independiente monedas conmemorativas de 2€, siendo Grecia el primer país en hacerlo.

Los cuatro microestados que también utilizan el euro gracias a un acuerdo oficial con la Unión Europea no emiten las monedas conmemorativas comunes de 2€, emitidas por todos los demás miembros de la eurozona para conmemorar acontecimientos de importancia europea, ya que no son estados miembros de la Unión Europea.

También se han emitido cinco monedas conmemorativas comunes de 2€ por todos los estados miembros de la eurozona:

•  Unión Europea: 50 años desde el Tratado de Roma en 2007.
•  Unión Europea: 10 años de la Unión Económica y Monetaria de la Unión Europea en 2009.
•  Unión Europea: 10 años de monedas y billetes de euro en 2012.
•  Unión Europea: 30 años de la Bandera de Europa en 2015.
•  Unión Europea: 35 años del Programa Erasmus en 2022.

Tres cuestiones conjuntas:

•  Alemania  Francia: 50º aniversario de la firma del Tratado del Elíseo (2013) – dos monedas, 30 años de la caída del Muro de Berlín (2019) – dos monedas.
•  Estonia  Letonia  Lituania: Centenario de la fundación de los estados bálticos independientes (2018) – tres monedas.

Serie de once monedas con una temática específica:

•  Estonia: Símbolos nacionales de Estonia (2021–futuro) – monedas que representan los símbolos nacionales de Estonia .
•  Francia: Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 2024 (2021-2024): una moneda por año que representa los deportes en los Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 2024 .
•  Alemania: Bundesländer I (2006–2022), Bundesländer II (2023–2038): una moneda por año por cada uno de los 16 estados de la República Federal de Alemania.
•  Letonia: Regiones históricas de Letonia (2016-2018): cuatro monedas que representan las tierras históricas de Letonia .
•  Lituania: Regiones etnográficas lituanas (2019-futuro): una moneda por año por cada una de las cinco regiones etnográficas de Lituania .
•  Luxemburgo: Dinastía Gran Ducal de Luxemburgo (2004-futuro): monedas que representan a la Familia Gran Ducal de Luxemburgo .
•  Malta:
  • Historia constitucional de Malta (2011-2015): una moneda por año que representa acontecimientos de la historia constitucional de Malta .
  • Sitios prehistóricos malteses (2016-2022): una moneda por año en conmemoración de los templos megalíticos de Malta y el hipogeo de Hal Saflieni .
  • De Niños Solidarios (2016-2020): una moneda por año sobre la solidaridad , con diseños infantiles.
•  España: Sitios españoles declarados Patrimonio Mundial por la UNESCO (2010-futuro) – una moneda por año en conmemoración de los sitios españoles declarados Patrimonio Mundial por la UNESCO .

Los diseños concedidos se hacen públicos en el Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea . ^[6]

Moneda de 2004

Moneda de 2005

Moneda de 2006

Monedas de 2007

Moneda de emisión común de 2007

Monedas de 2008

Monedas de 2009

Moneda de emisión común de 2009

Monedas de 2010

Monedas de 2011

Monedas de 2012

Moneda de emisión común de 2012

Monedas de 2013

Monedas de 2014

Monedas de 2015

Moneda de emisión común de 2015

Monedas de 2016

Monedas de 2017

2018 coinage

2019 coinage

2020 coinage

2021 coinage

2022 coinage

2022 commonly issued coin

2023 coinage

2024 coinage

2025 coinage

References

 This article incorporates text by Official Journal of the European Union available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

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External links

• Europe portal
• Money portal
• Numismatics portal

• European Central Bank. "€2 commemorative coins". Archived from the original on 30 December 2020.
• European Commission. "Commemorative coins".
• "The Euro Information Website". 7 April 2007. Archived from the original on 18 September 2007.
• "2euro-overview.eu – Overview of 2 Euro circulation coins, plus additional multilingual information". 2 June 2014.
• "2-euro-coins.com – All 2 euro coins at a glance". 6 October 2019.