El Ejército de Campaña es un comando del ejército británico responsable de generar y preparar fuerzas para operaciones actuales y de contingencia. El Comandante del Ejército de Campaña depende del Jefe del Estado Mayor .
El Ejército de Campaña del Reino Unido tenía su cuartel general en Erskine Barracks en Wilton y era responsable de organizar las fuerzas de defensa nacionales. Los oficiales superiores describieron el Ejército de Campaña del Reino Unido como "más o menos el equivalente local del Cuerpo Británico en Alemania Occidental", pero su comandante le dijo a Beevor que "no era una organización coherente". El Ejército de Campaña del Reino Unido era responsable de todas las operaciones, el entrenamiento y la administración del hogar fuera del área. [2] En 1991, el Ejército de Campaña del Reino Unido estaba presidido por casi 40.000 soldados regulares, poco más de 70.000 miembros del Ejército Territorial (TA) y 6.000 civiles. Además de los compromisos de defensa del Ejército de Campaña del Reino Unido, el Ejército de Campaña era responsable de la ayuda a la autoridad civil. [3]
Posteriormente, el Comando Terrestre se dividió en 2003, bajo la reorganización de la marca LAND , en dos suborganizaciones, el Ejército de Campaña y las Fuerzas Regionales, que eran paralelas a la estructura del UKLF de la Guerra Fría. [5] El Comandante del Ejército de Campaña tenía dos divisiones desplegables (1.ª División Blindada, 3.ª División Mecanizada), Tropas de Teatro , Comando Conjunto de Helicópteros y Apoyo de Entrenamiento bajo su mando. En 2007 se anunció que se establecería un nuevo cuartel general divisional desplegable hasta al menos 2011, como medio para cumplir con los compromisos del Reino Unido de proporcionar cuarteles generales divisionales de forma rotatoria al Comando Regional (Sur) en Afganistán y como nación líder de Multi -División Nacional (Sureste) en Irak . Esta tenía su base en York y se formó alrededor de la restablecida 6.ª División . [4] [6]
Ejército de campaña
Líneas Marlborough, Andover
En el marco de otra reorganización efectiva a partir del 1 de noviembre de 2011, el Jefe del Estado Mayor General asumió el mando directo del Ejército a través de una nueva estructura, con base en Andover, conocida como " Cuartel General del Ejército ". [7] [8] [9] El puesto de Comandante en Jefe de las Fuerzas Terrestres dejó de existir. [8] En su lugar se creó un nuevo puesto de Comandante de las Fuerzas Terrestres, que sería desempeñado por un teniente general (rango de tres estrellas). [10]
Tras la Revisión de Seguridad y Defensa Estratégica de 2010 , el gobierno anunció cambios significativos en la estructura de las formaciones bajo las Fuerzas Terrestres que se implementarían entre 2010 y 2020: [11]
Ejército de campaña : para 2020, se completará la retirada total de las fuerzas británicas estacionadas en Alemania y la estructura operativa del ejército se formará en torno a un total de cinco brigadas multifunción (MRB); estos procederán de las dos brigadas actualmente estacionadas en Alemania bajo la 1.ª División Blindada y de tres de las cuatro en el Reino Unido bajo la 3.ª División Mecanizada . Para garantizar que los costos se mantengan bajos, la propuesta del MOD será colocar unidades lo más cerca posible de las áreas de entrenamiento. En este proceso, se disolvió la 19 Brigada Ligera en Irlanda del Norte.
Fuerzas regionales : si bien los elementos de las fuerzas regionales se han retenido a nivel de brigada, con las diez brigadas regionales permaneciendo como están, los cuarteles generales divisionales regionales ( 2.ª División , 4.ª División y 5.ª División ) fueron reemplazados por un único cuartel general regional de 2 estrellas en Aldershot conocido como Comando de Apoyo desde la primavera de 2012.
Cuando se estableció el Comando de Apoyo al Personal en 2015, se decidió que la función del Comandante del SJC (Reino Unido) era transferirse al Comandante del PSC en Aldershot. A su debido tiempo, el PSC se convirtió en Home Command . [12]
El 23 de noviembre de 2015, se anunció que el puesto de Comandante de las Fuerzas Terrestres pasaría a llamarse Comandante del Ejército de Campaña como parte de la Revisión del Mando del Ejército. [13] El CFA tendrá cuatro brigadistas bajo su mando, a saber: Subjefe de Estado Mayor Compromisos, Subjefe de Estado Mayor de Apoyo, Subjefe de Estado Mayor de Guerra y Subjefe de Estado Mayor de Capacitación. [14] [15] Durante la reorganización, el puesto de Subjefe de Estado Mayor (Guerra) lo ocuparía el Director del Centro de Guerra Terrestre. [4]
El Comando de Operaciones Terrestres se estableció el 2 de septiembre de 2019 como una rama del Estado Mayor dentro del Cuartel General del Ejército de Campaña en Andover. A través de él, el Comandante del Ejército de Campaña lleva a cabo la planificación, generación y control operativo de todos los despliegues del Ejército de Campaña. [dieciséis]
Lista de estructuras
Fin de la Guerra Fría (1989)
Future Army Structure (2008)
Army 2020 (2015)
Army 2020 Refine (2021)
Future Soldier (2030)
Commanders
Following the 1966 Defence White Paper, United Kingdom Land Forces was formed, and the post of Deputy Commander-in-Chief, UK Land Forces was created, with the holder having the rank of Lieutenant General. In 1982, as a result of the 1981 Defence White Paper, this post was redesignated as Commander, United Kingdom Field Army, typically shortened to just 'Commander Field Army'. Commander Field Army oversaw several 'deputy commanders', including one each for the services such as Commander, Royal Corps of Signals or Commander, Transport and Movements (Royal Corps of Transport). The Commander Field Army worked as the official field commander for UK Land Forces during this period, though the post was disestablished in 1995 following the Options for Change.[4]
In November 2015, the post of Commander Land Forces was redesignated as Commander Field Army.[134]
Footnotes
Notes
^Sections at Colchester Garrison, Taunton, Bulford, Preston, York, and Edinburgh
^The Collective Training Group is a 1-star command (Brigade-sized) which provides collective training for Commander Field Army.
^The Field Training Unit is a 1-star command (brigade equivalent) which provides training for the Field Army's light and mechanised battlegroups
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