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Premio de la Academia a la mejor banda sonora original

El Premio de la Academia a la Mejor Banda Sonora Original es un premio que otorga anualmente la Academia de Artes y Ciencias Cinematográficas (AMPAS) al mejor conjunto sustancial de música en forma de música dramática subyacente escrita específicamente para la película por el compositor que la presenta. [1] Sin embargo, se permite algo de música preexistente, pero una película contendiente debe incluir un mínimo de música original. Este mínimo desde 2021 se establece en el 35% de la música, que se eleva al 80% para las secuelas y películas de franquicia . [2] Se preseleccionan quince bandas sonoras antes de anunciar las nominaciones.

Historia

La Academia comenzó a premiar a las películas por sus bandas sonoras en 1935. La categoría se llamó originalmente Mejor banda sonora . En ese momento, los ganadores y nominados eran una mezcla de bandas sonoras originales y adaptaciones de material preexistente. Tras la controvertida victoria de Charles Previn por Cien hombres y una muchacha en 1938 , una película sin un compositor acreditado que presentaba música clásica preexistente, la Academia agregó una categoría de Mejor banda sonora original en 1939. [3] En 1942 , la distinción entre las dos categorías de bandas sonoras cambió ligeramente, ya que se renombraron Mejor banda sonora de una película dramática y Mejor banda sonora de una película musical . [4] Esto marcó la primera vez que la categoría se dividió en géneros separados, una distinción que técnicamente todavía perdura hoy, aunque no ha habido suficientes presentaciones para que se active la categoría musical desde 1985 . Desde 1942 hasta 1985 , las partituras musicales tuvieron su propia categoría, con excepción de 1958 , 1981 y 1982. Durante ese tiempo, ambas categorías tuvieron muchos cambios de nombre:

Tras las victorias de cuatro películas de animación de Walt Disney en seis años, de 1990 a 1995 ( La Sirenita , La Bella y la Bestia , Aladino y El Rey León ), durante un período llamado el Renacimiento de Disney , se decidió dividir una vez más la categoría de Mejor Banda Sonora Original por géneros, esta vez combinando comedias y musicales. Como dijo Alan Bergman , presidente de la rama musical de la Academia, "La gente votaba por las canciones, no por las bandas sonoras. Sentimos que los miembros de la Academia fuera de la rama musical no distinguían entre las dos. Entonces, cuando una banda sonora como El Rey León compite contra un drama como Forrest Gump , son peras con manzanas, no en la calidad de la banda sonora, sino en la forma en que funciona en la película. Hay una gran diferencia". [5] Por lo tanto, la categoría se dividió en Mejor Banda Sonora Original Dramática y Mejor Banda Sonora Original Musical o Comedia en 1996 . Este cambio resultó impopular en las otras ramas de la Academia, ya que Charles Bernstein , presidente del comité de reglas de la Academia, señaló que "ninguna otra categoría del Oscar dependía del género de una película" y "el trabajo de componer una banda sonora para una comedia romántica no es sustancialmente diferente de trabajar en un drama pesado". [5] Esta división se revirtió en 2000 .

En 2020 , se cambiaron las reglas para exigir que la banda sonora de una película incluya un mínimo del 60% de música original. Las películas de franquicias y las secuelas deben incluir un mínimo del 80% de música nueva. [6] En 2021 , las reglas se cambiaron nuevamente, reduciendo el porcentaje mínimo de música original del 60% al 35% de la música total de la película. [7]

Premio de la Academia al Mejor Musical Original

El Premio de la Academia al Mejor Musical Original es una categoría que se restableció en 2000 después de que se retirara la categoría de Mejor Banda Sonora Original para Musical o Comedia. Nunca se ha otorgado en su forma actual debido a una prolongada sequía de películas que cumplen con los requisitos de elegibilidad suficientes. El Comité Ejecutivo de la Rama de Música de la Academia decide si hay suficientes propuestas de calidad para justificar su activación. [8]

De acuerdo con las bases, el Mejor Musical Original se define de la siguiente manera:

Un musical original consta de no menos de cinco canciones originales del mismo escritor o equipo de escritores, ya sea utilizadas como voces en off o interpretadas visualmente. Cada una de estas canciones debe ser interpretada de manera sustancial, claramente audible, inteligible y debe promover la historia de la película. No se considerará elegible un grupo arbitrario de canciones que no sean esenciales para la historia. [8]

Ganadores y nominados

A continuación se muestra la lista de compositores nominados organizada por año, y se enumeran tanto las películas como los compositores. Los años que se muestran en la siguiente lista de ganadores son los años de producción, por lo que una referencia a 1967 significa que los premios Oscar se entregaron en 1968 para películas estrenadas en 1967.

Década de 1930

Década de 1940

Década de 1950

Década de 1960

Década de 1970

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

Notes

  1. ^ From 1934 until 1937, nominated films were represented by the head of the film studio's music department rather than the composer. Each film's actual composer(s) are listed in parentheses.
  2. ^ Captain Blood was not officially nominated for this award, but appears in Academy records because it placed third in voting as a write-in candidate in 1935.
  3. ^ From 1937 until 1945, film studios could submit one eligible film of their choosing, guaranteeing it a nomination.
  4. ^ Blacklisted composer Larry Adler's name was removed from American prints of the British-made Genevieve. The film's arranger and orchestrator Muir Mathieson was credited instead and received an Oscar nomination. In 1986, the Academy's Board of Governors removed Mathieson's name from the nomination and gave it to Adler.
  5. ^ In 1957, dramatic and comedy films competed with musicals in a combined category called Music – Scoring. Fifteen scores were shortlisted with ten from dramatic and comedy films and five from musicals. Voting resulted in no musical nominees.
  6. ^ Limelight was originally released in 1952, but had never screened theatrically in Los Angeles until 1972, at which point it became eligible for Oscar consideration.
  7. ^ Nino Rota was nominated for The Godfather in 1972, but the nomination was revoked after it was discovered Rota had reused music from the 1958 Italian film Fortunella. The Academy's entire music branch revoted for a fifth nominee. They could either renominate Rota for The Godfather or select one of the five other shortlisted scores: Ben by Walter Scharf, Fellini's Roma by Rota, The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean by Maurice Jarre, The Other by Jerry Goldsmith, or Sleuth by John Addison. Sleuth received the most votes and became the fifth nominee.
  8. ^ From 1995 until 1998, Best Original Score was split into Original Dramatic Score and Original Musical or Comedy Score. For musicals and comedies, songwriters and lyricists along with orchestral underscore composers were eligible for nomination.
  9. ^ Lisa Gerrard and Klaus Badelt also received screen credit for the Gladiator score, but only Zimmer was deemed eligible for the nomination.
  10. ^ The eligibility period for the 93rd ceremony was exceptionally extended through to February 28, 2021, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Records

Superlatives

These are only for nominations in the Scoring categories. Nominations in other categories, such as the Original Song category, are not included.

Age superlatives

Only one composer has won two Scoring Oscars the same year: in 1973, Marvin Hamlisch won Original Dramatic Score for The Way We Were and Best Adaptation Score, for The Sting. Hamlisch also won Best Song that year for The Way We Were, making him the only composer to win three music Oscars in the same year.

Only one composer has won Oscars three years in a row: Roger Edens won for Easter Parade (1948), On the Town (1949) and Annie Get Your Gun (1950).

Eight composers have won Oscars two years in a row:

  1. Ray Heindorf won for Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942) and This Is the Army (1943).
  2. Franz Waxman won for Sunset Boulevard (1950) and A Place in the Sun (1951).
  3. Alfred Newman won for With a Song in My Heart (1952) and Call Me Madam (1953). He won again two years in a row for Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing (1955) and The King and I (1956).
  4. Adolph Deutsch won for Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954) and Oklahoma! (1955).
  5. André Previn won for Gigi (1958) and Porgy and Bess (1959). He won again two years in a row for Irma la Douce (1963) and My Fair Lady (1964).
  6. Leonard Rosenman won for Barry Lyndon (1975) and Bound for Glory (1976).
  7. Alan Menken won for Beauty and The Beast (1991) and Aladdin (1992).
  8. Gustavo Santaolalla won for Brokeback Mountain (2005) and Babel (2006).

Female nominees

As of 2023, only 10 women have been nominated in music score categories: Ann Ronell, Tylwyth Kymry aka Meg Karlin, Angela Morley, Marilyn Bergman, Rachel Portman, Anne Dudley, Lynn Ahrens, Hildur Guðnadóttir, Germaine Franco, and Laura Karpman. Kymry, Bergman, and Ahrens were nominated for their contribution as lyricists.

Four women have won in the scoring categories. Three are composers: Rachel Portman, who won for Emma (1996); Anne Dudley, who won for The Full Monty (1997); and Hildur Guðnadóttir, who won for Joker (2019). The fourth is lyricist Marilyn Bergman, who won for Yentl (1983) in the Original Song Score category, sharing the award with co-lyricist Alan Bergman (her husband) and composer Michel Legrand. Guðnadóttir is the only woman to win the award under no qualifications; Bergman won for Best Song Score while Portman and Dudley won for Best Musical or Comedy Score.

The female composers nominated for multiple Scoring Oscars are Rachel Portman, who was nominated for Emma (1996) (for which she won for Best Musical or Comedy Score), The Cider House Rules (1999), and Chocolat (2000); and Angela Morley, who was nominated twice in the Original Song Score or Adaptation Score category for The Little Prince (1974) and The Slipper and the Rose (1976).

Notable nominees

Dmitri Shostakovich and Duke Ellington were both nominated the same year but lost to the arrangers of West Side Story.

The scores of Midnight Express by Giorgio Moroder in 1979, Slumdog Millionaire by A. R. Rahman in 2009, and The Social Network by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross in 2011 are the only scores with electronic-based music ever to win the award. In addition, the electronic-based scores of Witness by Maurice Jarre in 1986, Rain Man by Hans Zimmer in 1989, and Her by William Butler, and Owen Pallett in 2014 have also been nominated.

Noted nominated composers known for their music mostly outside the film world include: Aaron Copland, Kurt Weill, Gian Carlo Menotti, Philip Glass, John Corigliano, Peter Maxwell Davies, Randy Newman, Richard Rodney Bennett, Stephen Schwartz, Andrew Lloyd Webber, Artie Shaw, Trent Reznor, Quincy Jones, Herbie Hancock, Jon Batiste, and Jonny Greenwood.

Rock musicians and pop stars are most often nominated in the songwriting category. These popular performers were nominated in the Scoring categories: The Beatles, Prince, Pete Townshend, Rod McKuen, Isaac Hayes, Kris Kristofferson, Quincy Jones, Randy Newman, Anthony Newley, Paul Williams, Tom Waits, David Byrne, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Trent Reznor, and Matthew Wilder.

Record producers George Martin (The Beatles) and Jerry Wexler (Atlantic Records) also received nominations in the Scoring categories.

Multiple nominations

The following is a list of composers nominated more than once and winning at least one Academy Award (in this category). This list is sorted by number of awards, with the number of total nominations listed in parentheses. These do not include nominations (or awards) in the Best Original Song category.

The following composers have been nominated for a Best Original Score Oscar more than once but have yet to garner one. The number of nominations is listed in parentheses. These do not include nominations (or awards) in the Best Original Song category.

Deceased


Living

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Also received 5 nominations for Best Original Song, which brings his total to 53 - the most nominated person in all of the music categories combined, and the most nominated living individual in any Oscars category

References

  1. ^ "Rule Sixteen: Special Rules for the Best Picture of the Year Award | Rules for the 85th Academy Awards | Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences". Oscars.org. 2012-08-24. Archived from the original on 2013-12-11. Retrieved 2014-05-15.
  2. ^ "94th Oscars Rules. Complete Rules. Rule Fifteen, Special Rules for the Music Awards" (PDF). Oscars.org. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 2021-06-30. p. 22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-06-30.
  3. ^ Lochner, Jim (18 May 2010). "1934: The Year Oscar Scored". filmscoreclicktrack.com. Archived from the original on 2017-11-24.
  4. ^ "1944". Oscars.org. 5 October 2014. Retrieved 2020-01-28.
  5. ^ a b Elias, Justine (12 March 2000). "OSCAR FILMS/OSCAR FILMS/THE RULES; Squeezing Music Into Pigeonholes". New York Times.
  6. ^ Hammond, Pete (April 28, 2020). "Oscars Keeping Show Date But Make Big News As Academy Lightens Eligibility Rules, Combines Sound Categories, Ends DVD Screeners and More". Deadline Hollywood.
  7. ^ "Award rules and campaign regulations approved for 94th Oscars". oscars.org. 30 June 2021.
  8. ^ a b "Rules & Eligibility". Oscars.org - Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 28 July 2014.
  9. ^ "The Official Academy Awards Database". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on February 27, 2009. Retrieved January 11, 2018.
  10. ^ "1957 Academy Award Voting Rules". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 1957. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
  11. ^ "Vote Settles Oscar Tunes". Billboard. March 17, 1973. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
  12. ^ "Academy Awards 2017: Complete list of Oscar winners and nominees". Los Angeles Times. February 26, 2017. Retrieved January 8, 2018.

External links