Jar

Rigid, approximately cylindrical container with a wide mouth or opening

A jar of yeast extract.

Candy jar, by Christian Dorflinger, 1869–1880, glass, diameter: 12.1 cm, Cleveland Museum of Art (USA)

Hexagonal jar decorated with flowers and birds, late 17th century, porcelain with overglaze enamels, height: 31.1 cm, diameter: 19.1 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City)

A jar is a rigid, cylindrical or slightly conical container, typically made of glass, ceramic, or plastic, with a wide mouth or opening that can be closed with a lid, screw cap, lug cap, cork stopper, roll-on cap, crimp-on cap, press-on cap, plastic shrink, heat sealed lidding film, an inner seal, a tamper-evident band, or other suitable means. The English word "jar" originates from the Arabic word jarra, which means an earthen pot or vessel.^[1][2]

Background

Jars can be used to hold solids too large to be removed from, or liquids too viscous to be poured through a bottle's neck; these may be foods, cosmetics, medications, or chemicals.^[3] Glass jars—among which the most popular is the mason jar—can be used for storing and preserving items as diverse as jam, pickled gherkin, other pickles, marmalade, sun-dried tomatoes, olives, jalapeño peppers, chutneys, pickled eggs, honey, and many others.^{[citation needed]}

Types

• Bell jar – typically used in scientific laboratories to produce a vacuum; also used in Victorian times for display purposes
• Cookie jar – typically ceramic or glass, common in the United States, Canada, and United Kingdom
• Killing jar – used to kill captured insects
• Leyden jar – a historical electrical capacitor
• Specimen jar – an instrument used in anatomy to preserve specimens
• Apothecary jar – historically for storage of medicines; made of ceramics or more typically in modern centuries, clear glass. Typically cylindrical or with rotationally symmetric decorative curves, sometimes with a glass disc foot separated from the main body. Modern glass versions are also used for artistic display of the contents.

Modern glass food storage jars come in a variety of shapes, all of which have a circular opening on top for screwing on a lid

^[4]

• Economy round or wide mouth jars – tall but rotund cylinder slightly rounded at the top and bottom, relatively wide with a wide mouth, commonly used for sauces like a mayonnaise
• Paragon jars – tall and narrow cylinder, commonly used for pickled foods like olives
• French square or Victorian jars – roughly a small cube
• Spice jars – small cylinder or rectangular cuboid
• Hexagon or hex jars – regular hexagonal prism
• Mason jars – moderately tall cylinder typically used in home canning, sealed with a metal lid
• Kilner jar – similar to a Mason jar but sealed with rubber
• Straight-sided jars – cylinders with no neck. Squat straight-sided jars are suitable for creams which can be scooped out.

Ancient ceramic types include

• Amphora – large, but typically holding under 50 L
• Pithos – very large, typically the size of a person and holding hundreds of liters, Pandora's Box is often referred to as Pithos
• canopic jar

Utility

Jars are sterilised by putting them in a pressure cooker with boiling water or an oven for a number of minutes. Glass jars are considered microwavable.^[5]

Some regions^[where?] have a legally mandated deposit refundable upon return of the jar to its retailer, after which the jar is recycled according to the SPI recycling code for the material.^[6]

Gallery

• 
  Preserved food in Mason jars
• 
  Reusable jam jar with flip-top or bail closure
• 
  Jar made of PLA-blend bio-flex, a bioplastic
• 
  Candy jar
• 
  Peanut butter
• 
  Six types of "earthenware jar" in Spain
• 
  Brown-glazed jar with design of three fish. Yuan Dynasty.
• 
  PP jar of skin cream with pump dispenser

See also

• Canning
• Home canning
• Child-resistant packaging
• Hu (vessel)
• Jar opener
• Tamper-evident
• Tamper resistant
• The asterism Water Jar in the constellation Aquarius

References

1. Abu-Haidar, J. A. (November 24, 2015). Hispano-Arabic Literature and the Early Provencal Lyrics. Routledge. p. 228. ISBN 978-1138976016.
2. Glevin, James E. (2016). The Modern Middle East: A History. Oxford University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0190218867.
3. Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009, ISBN 978-0-470-08704-6
4. "Types of Packaging – Glass Bottles and Jars". Howtobuypackaging.com. April 4, 2019. Retrieved May 7, 2021.
5. Ahvenainen; Heiniö, R.-L. (1993). "Factors affecting the suitability of glass jars for heating in microwave ovens. Comparison with plastic jars and paper board tubs". Packaging Technology and Science. 6 (1): 43–52. doi:10.1002/pts.2770060108.
6. Soroka, W (2002). Fundamentals of Packaging Technology. ISBN 1-930268-25-4. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

External links

• Media related to Jars at Wikimedia Commons
• "Jar" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1911.