The following is a list of non-state armed groups involved in the internal conflict in Myanmar, officially called ethnic armed organisations (EAOs) by the government of Myanmar.[1]
Terminology
The term "ethnic armed organisation" (Burmese: တိုင်းရင်းသား လက်နက်ကိုင် အဖွဲ့အစည်း) emerged in Myanmar during the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement negotiations from 2013 to 2015.[2] Various other terms, including "ethnic organisation", "ethnic resistance force", and "ethnic rebel group" have also been used to describe ethnic armed organisations.
^ a bBoth the Shan State Progress Party and the Restoration Council of Shan State use "Shan State Army" as the name of their armed forces, so they're either distinguished by using the political organisation or adding North/South at the end
References
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^ a b c d e f g h i j k l"Rocky Start for New Bloc of Myanmar EAOs Formed to Join Junta Peace Talks". The Irrawaddy. 12 April 2024.
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^"တရုတ်နယ်စပ်က ရိုင်ဖယ်များနှင့် အားမာန်ပြည့်လာသည့် တပ်ဖွဲ့သစ်များ" [Armed groups rejuvenated by rifles from Chinese borderlands]. Irrawaddy (in Burmese). 6 June 2023.
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^"Myanmar Army Seizes Drugs, Detains Leaders in Raid on KIA Offshoot Group". Radio Free Asia. 26 March 2020.
^"Burmanet » Kachin News Group: KDA transformed to militia groups by Burma junta". www.burmanet.org. Archived from the original on 27 January 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
^"Kachin Independence Organization (KIO) | Myanmar Peace Monitor". mmpeacemonitor.org. Myanmar Peace Monitor. Archived from the original on 12 March 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
^"Burma attack breaks Kachin truce near China border". BBC. 20 January 2013. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2014. The rebels are seeking greater autonomy within Burma for ethnic Kachins who have had de facto control over a part of northern Burma for more than 50 years.
^ a b c d e"UNLFW: The new name for terror in NE". Times of India. 5 June 2015.
^"All Karen Border Guard Force units to be rebranded as The Karen National Army". Karen News. 2 March 2024.
^ a b"Kayin Border Guard Force celebrates ninth anniversary". Frontier Myanmar. 20 August 2019.
^"Ethnic Karen guerrillas in Myanmar leave a town that army lost 2 weeks ago as rival group holds sway". ABC News. 24 April 2024.
^"Myanmar Signs Historic Cease-Fire Deal With Eight Ethnic Armies". Radio Free Asia. 15 October 2015. Archived from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
^"ชาติพันธุ์กระเหรี่ยง ต่อสู้เพื่อความฝัน "รัฐกะเหรี่ยง"". pptvhd36.com (in Thai). 30 March 2021. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
^Burma center for Ethnic Studies, January 2012, "Briefing Paper No. 1" http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/BCES-BP-01-ceasefires(en).pdf Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
^Murray, Lucy. "Karenni rebels dig in for last stand". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 26 March 2005.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^Khin, Aung; Aung, Nyan Lin (9 December 2021). "ကရင်နီကာကွယ်ရေးတပ်ဖွဲ့". Voice of America (in Burmese). Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
^"တရုတ်နယ်စပ်က ရိုင်ဖယ်များနှင့် အားမာန်ပြည့်လာသည့် တပ်ဖွဲ့သစ်များ" [Armed groups rejuvenated by rifles from Chinese borderlands]. Irrawaddy (in Burmese). 6 June 2023.
^"Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup". South Asia Terrorism Portal.
^ a b c"India's security and the fencing of the Myanmar border". Firstpost. 22 February 2024.
^"Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP)". Project on Violent Conflict.
^"New armed group formed by ousted KNDO leader will not be recognised by KNU". Myanmar Now. 21 July 2022.
^"Karen Peace Council (KPC) | Myanmar Peace Monitor". www.mmpeacemonitor.org. Myanmar Peace Monitor. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
^"Kuki National Organization | Myanmar Peace Monitor". mmpeacemonitor.org. Myanmar Peace Monitor. Archived from the original on 15 October 2018. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
^ a b"KNF gets arms, support from other side of border". The Daily Star.
^"Lahu Democratic Union (LDU) » Myanmar Peace Monitor". 11 May 2022.
^ a b"2 groups join Myanmar government's peace process". AP News. 13 February 2018. Archived from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
^ a b"New Mon State Party and Lahu Democratic Union sign NCA". Office of the President of Myanmar. Archived from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
^ a b"NCA signing ceremony for NMSP, LDU to take place on 13 Feb". Mizzima. 6 February 2018. Archived from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
^"New Mon State Party (NMSP) | Myanmar Peace Monitor". www.mmpeacemonitor.org. Myanmar Peace Monitor. 6 June 2013. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
^ a b"Myanmar Junta Running Out of Options in Northern Shan as Fighting Resumes". The Irrawaddy. 2 July 2024.
^"တရုတ်နယ်စပ်က ရိုင်ဖယ်များနှင့် အားမာန်ပြည့်လာသည့် တပ်ဖွဲ့သစ်များ" [Armed groups rejuvenated by rifles from Chinese borderlands]. Irrawaddy (in Burmese). 6 June 2023.
^"NDAA | Myanmar Peace Monitor". www.mmpeacemonitor.org. Myanmar Peace Monitor. 6 June 2013. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
^"NSCN-K | Myanmar Peace Monitor". mmpeacemonitor.org. Myanmar Peace Monitor. 6 June 2013. Archived from the original on 7 October 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
^"NSCN(K) faction revokes decision to abrogate ceasefire agreement". The Economic Times. 7 December 2018. Archived from the original on 27 December 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
^"Naga Peace Process: Gone Off Track". www.ipcs.org. Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Archived from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
^"New Democratic Army – Kachin". Mizzima News. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
^"'They are preparing for war': Forced recruiting by Pa-O militia in Shan". Frontier Myanmar. 28 February 2023.
^"PNLO | Myanmar Peace Monitor". www.mmpeacemonitor.org. Myanmar Peace Monitor. 6 June 2013. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
^"With Conscription Law, Myanmar's Generals Are Digging Their Own Graves". The irrawaddy. 14 February 2024. Archived from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
^"Communist Party of Burma declares People's War against the junta government". Workers Today. 7 November 2021. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
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^"Data".
^"India's Ties With Myanmar Junta in Focus After Chin Group's Attack on Manipur Rebels". The Irrawaddy. 26 January 2022. Archived from the original on 10 March 2024.
^"People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK)". Project on Violent Conflict.
^"Rohingya Solidarity Organization | Facebook". www.facebook.com. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
^""On 4 February 2024, in Taungpyoletwea town (Maungdaw township, Maungdaw district, Rakhine state), the ULA/AA attacked the Taung Pyo Let Yar tactical hilltop base of the Border Guard Police. The ULA/AA alleged that the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army and the Rohingya Solidarity Organization fought alongside the Border Guard Police. Casualties unknown."". ACLED Dashboard.
^Thet Ko Ko (8 April 2019). "Without Territory, the Shanni Army's Difficult Path to Recognition". The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 5 November 2020. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
^"Rival Shan armies declare truce as other ethnic armed groups gain ground". Myanmar Now. 30 November 2023.
^"KIA Seizes Kachin Outpost from Pro-Myanmar Junta Militia". The Irrawaddy. 20 December 2022.
^"Data".
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^Gerdes, Luke (8 February 2009). "Constructing Terror: How Issues of Construct Validity Undermine the Utility of Terror Databases and Statistical Analyses of Terrorism". All Academic Research. Archived from the original on 23 October 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2014. The best such example comes from the United Wa State Army (UWSA), an armed ethnic organisation that has established de facto control over a portion of Northeastern Burma.
^I. Rotberg, Robert (1998). Burma: Prospects for a Democratic Future. Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 0-8157-9169-0. Archived from the original on 3 September 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
^"Manipur Armed Group Has Joined Hands With Myanmar Junta, Says Resistance". The Wire. 7 February 2022.
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^Schmid, Alex Peter, A.J. Jongman, and Michael Stohl. Political Terrorism: A New Guide to Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories, and Literature Archived 2 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 2005. p. 514
^ a bPho Kan Kaung (May 1992). "The Danger of Rohingya". Myet Khin Thit Magazine No. 25. pp. 87–103.
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^"Chin Brotherhood Alliance Emerges as Three Organizations Skip Chinland Council Conference, Pledging Enhanced Political and Military Cooperation". Khonumthung News. 2 January 2024.
^"MM Peace Monitor - 7 NCA Signatories Form 7 EAO Alliance with Focus on Federal Union and Peace". MM Peace Monitor. 19 March 2024. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
^"Seven Myanmar Ethnic Armed Groups Revamp Peace Process Team". The Irrawaddy. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
^"Signatory Organizations to NCA Announce New Name: 7 EAO Alliance". Karen News. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
^"Rocky Start for New Bloc of Myanmar EAOs Formed to Join Junta Peace Talks". The Irrawaddy. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
External links
Myanmar Peace Monitor – NGO based in Chiang Mai, Thailand that monitors Myanmar's ongoing peace process.
Pyidaungsu Institute – Political institute based in Chiang Mai, Thailand focused on achieving political stability and peace in Myanmar.