The seal of King Béla IV from his Golden BullReverse of the first double seal (1235–1241) of King Béla IV (1235–1270)Reverse of the second double seal (1366–1382) of King Louis I the Great (1342–1382). The modern design of the coat of arms of Slovakia by Ladislav Čisárik was based on this medieval Hungarian seal.[3]Coat of arms of King Louis I the Great (1364). Wall relief on the courtyard of Bojnice Castle.Reverse of the first double seal (1387–1405) of King Sigismund of Luxembourg (1387–1437)Programmes of the National Theatre reflecting the political changes of the revolution of 1848 in their depiction of the national coat of arms. Note that in modern usage the Holy Crown of Hungary on the coat of arms is not understood as a symbol of monarchy but as a symbol of the millennial tradition of Hungarian statehood.Arms of Hungary on the 1890 Austro-Hungarian florin coin; the right version adds the arms of FiumeCoat of Arms at Liberty Bridge in Budapest
The coat of arms of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország címere) was adopted on 11 July 1990, after the end of communist rule. The arms have been used before, both with and without the Holy Crown of Hungary, sometimes as part of a larger, more complex coat of arms, and its elements date back to the Middle Ages.
The shield is split into two parts:
The dexter (the right side from the bearer's perspective, the left side from the viewer's) features the so-called Árpád stripes, four Gules (red) and four Argent (silver) stripes. Traditionally, the silver stripes represent four rivers: Duna (Danube), Tisza, Dráva, and Száva.[4]
The sinister (the left side from the bearer's perspective, the right side from the viewer's) consists of an Argent (silver) double cross on Gules (red) base, situated inside a small Or (golden) crown, the crown is placed on the middle heap of three Vert (green) hills, representing the mountain ranges (trimount) Tátra, Mátra, and Fátra.
Atop the shield rests the Holy Crown of St. Stephen (Stephen I of Hungary, István király), a crown that remains in the Parliament building (Országház) in Budapest today.[5]
History
Kingdom of Hungary
The most common motifs of the ninth and the early tenth centuries -the griffin, wolf and hind- seldom figure in later Hungarian iconography and heraldic symbolism, however the Hawk or Turul which in shamanistic lore rested upon the tree of life connecting the earth with the netherworld and the skies preserved for longer as a device belonging to the ruling house.[6]
Changes during the 20th Century
Honours
In May and June 1946 a set of eight stamps of Coat of arms of Hungary was issued. These are the issues of inflation.[15]
Further, a fourteen-stamp set of Arms and Post-horn were issued May and June 1946; these are also the issues of inflation.[16]
Four commemorative stamps were issued on 15 March 1948 as part of the series: Centenary of the beginning of Hungary's war for Independence.[17]
On 20 August 1949 three stamps of Arms of Hungary were issued on the occasion of the Adoption of the Hungarian Peoples' Republic's Constitution.[18]
On 23 May 1958 three stamps were issued to commemorate the first anniversary of the law amending the constitution.[19]
Between 1941–45 as many as 44 Postage-Due stamps of various denominations, watermarks and paper were issued.[20]
Bálint Hóman: A magyar címer történetéhez ("Additions to the history of the coat of arms of Hungary"), 1920 [3] (Hungarian)
Iván Bertényi: Államcímerünk kialakulása ("Emergence of the state coat of arms"), 2003 [4] (Hungarian)
József Laszlovszky: A magyar címer története ("History of the Hungarian coat of arms"), Egyetemi Nyomda, Budapest, 1989, p. 39
^"National Symbols: The Coat of Arms". www.keh.hu. Office of the President of the Republic. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
^"1990. évi XLIV. törvény a Magyar Köztársaság Alkotmányának módosításáról" [Act XLIV of 1990 on the Amendment of the Constitution of the Hungarian Republic]. hu.wikisource.org (in Hungarian). Retrieved 12 February 2017.
^Bertényi, Iván (1998). Új magyar címertan [New Hungarian heraldry] (in Hungarian). Budapest: Maecenas Könyvkiadó. ISBN 963-7425-81-0.
^Betsy Dru Tecco: How to Draw Hungary's Sights and Symbols, The Rosen Publishing Group, New York, 2005 [1]
^Betsy Dru Tecco: How to Draw Hungary's Sights and Symbols, The Rosen Publishing Group, New York, 2005 [2]
^Martyn C. Rady, Nobility, land and service in medieval Hungary, Palgrave Macmillan, 2000, p.12
^"III. Béla magyar király címere 1172-1196" [Coat of arms of King Béla III of Hungary 1172-1196]. Magyar Címerek. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.
^"Imre magyar király címere 1196-1204" [Coat of arms of King Emeric of Hungary 1196-1204]. Magyar Címerek. Archived from the original on 2018-10-01.
^"II. András magyar király címere 1205-1235" [Coat of arms of King Andrew II of Hungary 1205-1235]. Magyar Címerek. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.
^"V. István magyar király címere 1270-1272" [Coat of arms of King Stephen V 1270-1272]. Magyar Címerek. Archived from the original on 2018-10-01.
^"III. András (Endre) magyar király címere 1290-1301" [Coat of arms of King Andrew III of Hungary 1290-1301]. Magyar Címerek. Archived from the original on 2018-10-01.
^Molnár, Miklós; Miklós, Molnár (2001-04-30). A Concise History of Hungary. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521667364.
^"Hungarian Nazis (Arrow Cross Party)". Jewish Virtual Library. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 4 August 2012. on October 15th, the Nazis transferred power into the hands of the Arrowcross Party
^"Koronával vagy anélkül? ("With or without crown?"), Index.hu". 7 February 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
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