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Lista de resultados electorales cerrados

Esta es una lista de resultados electorales ajustados a nivel nacional y dentro de las divisiones administrativas . Enumera los resultados que se han decidido por un margen de menos de 1 voto en 1000 (un margen de menos de 0,1 puntos porcentuales ): elecciones con un solo ganador en las que el candidato ganador tenía una ventaja de menos de 0,1 puntos porcentuales sobre el candidato que quedó en segundo lugar, así como elecciones por lista de partido en las que un partido estaba a menos de 0,1% del umbral electoral o dos listas que obtuvieron escaños están a menos de 0,1 puntos porcentuales de diferencia. Esta lista se limita a las elecciones en las que se emitieron al menos 1000 votos.

Para contextualizar, en la sección "Distribución de las elecciones" se muestra la distribución de los márgenes de victoria en distintas zonas. Según la zona, entre 1 de cada 40 y 1 de cada 500 contiendas electorales se decide por menos de 1 voto de cada 1.000.

Según un estudio de 2001 sobre las elecciones estatales y federales en Estados Unidos entre 1898 y 1992, "uno de cada 100.000 votos emitidos en las elecciones estadounidenses y uno de cada 15.000 votos emitidos en las elecciones estatales "importaban" en el sentido de que se emitían para un candidato que oficialmente empataba o ganaba por un voto". [1]

Aunque no se trataba de una elección, en el pasado los miembros del Congreso debían su escaño al sorteo. En 1902, después de más de 7000 votos en tres convenciones, los demócratas no pudieron decidir entre tres candidatos para la nominación al distrito 12 del Congreso de Texas . Dos candidatos pusieron sus nombres en un sombrero, sacaron uno y el perdedor aceptó retirarse y apoyar al ganador. Oscar W. Gillespie ganó el sorteo, la nominación y la elección general siguiente, y sirvió en el Congreso durante ocho años. [2]

Existen diversas formas de resolver los empates electorales. Algunas se deciden por sorteo u otros juegos de azar. Otras conducen a una segunda vuelta o a una elección especial. Y otras las decide un tercero, como la legislatura o un funcionario electo de alto rango. En un caso en Waynetown, Indiana , en 1891, dos candidatos a tesorero de la ciudad acordaron resolver su empate 339-339 mediante una carrera a pie. [3] Sin embargo, a pesar de algunos relatos ficticios, la junta municipal anuló el acuerdo y determinó que el entonces titular William Simms permanecería en el cargo durante otro mandato, y la carrera propuesta nunca se llevó a cabo. [4]

Tabla de elecciones nacionales y estatales reñidas

Elecciones empatadas

Lista de resultados electorales ajustados en las carreras de ganador único, mayoritarias y de voto por mayoría absoluta

List of close election results between parties passing the threshold in party-list proportional races

List of parties close to the threshold in proportional races

Distribution of elections by winning margin

Close elections not only demonstrate the effect of individual voters, they may reflect extra efforts from candidates or supporters when elections are close.[493][494]

From 2007 to 2024, over 800 US elections ended in ties or a margin of one vote.[495]In the United States in 2018, 88 state legislative elections were decided by less than half a percent.[496]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ There is considerable disagreement among historians about the exact vote totals. As Kenneth Ackerman explained in his 2003 book: "Because (a) voting was decentralized, (b) states certified electoral votes, not popular votes as 'official', and (c) Democratic votes were divided among various splinter groups, there remains today a range of published 'final results' for the 1880 presidential popular vote."[428] The federal government lists the margin of victory as 1,898, which is used in this article.[429] Others give the margin as 7,018;[430][431] 7,368;[432] 9,070;[433] or 9,457[434] among others.

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