En el torneo de 2015, la Copa Mundial Femenina se amplió de 16 a 24 equipos en 2011. [2] El equipo de Canadá recibió entrada directa como anfitrión y se realizó un torneo de clasificación de 134 equipos para los 23 lugares restantes . Con el torneo ampliado, ocho equipos hicieron su debut en la Copa Mundial Femenina. [2] Todos los finalistas anteriores de la Copa Mundial Femenina se clasificaron para el torneo, con el campeón defensor Japón y los campeones que regresaron Alemania ( 2003 , 2007 ) y Estados Unidos ( 1991 , 1999 ) entre los equipos cabeza de serie. [3]
En el torneo de 2015 se utilizó por primera vez la tecnología de línea de gol con el sistema Hawk-Eye . También fue la primera Copa del Mundo que se jugó tanto para hombres como para mujeres en césped artificial , y todos los partidos se jugaron en esas superficies, a pesar de que inicialmente hubo algunas preocupaciones sobre un posible aumento del riesgo de lesiones.
Selección de anfitrión
La candidatura para cada Copa Mundial Femenina de la FIFA normalmente incluye los derechos de organización de la Copa Mundial Femenina Sub-20 de la FIFA del año anterior (similar a la versión masculina , en la que el país anfitrión organiza la Copa Confederaciones el año anterior). Las ofertas para el torneo debían presentarse antes de diciembre de 2010. Solo se presentaron dos ofertas: [4]
Zimbabwe retiró su candidatura el 1 de marzo de 2011. [6] El país era considerado una posibilidad remota, ya que su equipo femenino ocupaba el puesto 103 en el mundo en el momento de la candidatura y nunca se había clasificado para una Copa Mundial Femenina. Además, el país sufría una inestabilidad política y económica constante. [7]
Para 2015, el número de equipos clasificados aumentó de 16 a 24 y los partidos programados aumentaron de 32 a 52. [8] El 11 de junio de 2012, la FIFA anunció un cambio en la asignación de plazas de clasificación para sus confederaciones continentales. El Comité Ejecutivo de la FIFA aprobó la siguiente asignación de plazas y la distribución de ocho nuevas plazas: [9]
Después de que varias jugadoras de Corea del Norte dieran positivo en pruebas de drogas para mejorar el rendimiento durante la Copa Mundial Femenina de la FIFA 2011 , la FIFA prohibió al equipo norcoreano participar en la Copa Mundial Femenina de la FIFA 2015 en Canadá. Esta fue la primera vez que se prohibió a un equipo participar en una Copa Mundial Femenina, y fue la primera vez desde 1995 que Corea del Norte no participó en una Copa Mundial Femenina. [10]
Equipos calificados
Entre paréntesis se muestran las últimas clasificaciones FIFA publicadas antes del torneo (marzo de 2015). [11]
Ocho países, un récord para la época, debutaron en la Copa Mundial Femenina, como se indica arriba: Camerún, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Costa de Marfil, Países Bajos, España, Suiza y Tailandia. A partir de 2023, esta es la última vez que Ecuador, Costa de Marfil y México se han clasificado.
Lugares
Las ciudades de Vancouver , Edmonton , Winnipeg , Ottawa , Montreal y Moncton fueron seleccionadas para albergar partidos del torneo. [12] Halifax también fue considerada, pero se retiró de la contienda en marzo de 2012. [13] Toronto decidió no presentar una oferta, debido a posibles conflictos con los Juegos Panamericanos de 2015. [ 14] Debido a la política de la FIFA contra el patrocinio comercial de los nombres de los estadios, Investors Group Field en Winnipeg y TD Place Stadium en Ottawa fueron conocidos respectivamente como Winnipeg Stadium [15] y Lansdowne Stadium [16] durante el torneo. Las capacidades de asientos que se muestran en la tabla a continuación son las configuradas para estos juegos de la FIFA.
Innovaciones
El torneo introdujo la tecnología de línea de gol con el sistema Hawk-Eye , mediante el cual es posible mostrar en la pantalla del estadio si el balón estaba dentro o no. [17] [18] También fue la primera Copa del Mundo para hombres o mujeres que se jugó en césped artificial , [ aclaración necesaria ] con todos los partidos jugados en dichas superficies. Hubo algunas preocupaciones iniciales (ver a continuación) sobre un posible aumento del riesgo de lesiones por jugar en césped artificial, pero un desafío legal que sugería que los partidos deberían jugarse en césped como en torneos masculinos similares fue abandonado en enero de 2015. [19]
Escuadrones
La plantilla de cada equipo para la Copa Mundial Femenina de la FIFA 2015 estaba compuesta por 23 jugadoras (tres de las cuales debían ser guardametas), dos más que en el torneo de 2011 y la misma cantidad que las plantillas de la Copa Mundial masculina. Cada asociación nacional participante debía confirmar su plantilla final de 23 jugadoras a más tardar 10 días hábiles antes del inicio del torneo. El reemplazo de jugadoras gravemente lesionadas estaba permitido hasta 24 horas antes del primer partido de la Copa Mundial del equipo en cuestión. [20]
Los equipos fueron anunciados oficialmente por la FIFA el 28 de mayo de 2015. [21] [22] Formiga de Brasil y Homare Sawa de Japón fueron incluidos en los equipos de la Copa del Mundo por sexta vez, un récord para cualquier jugador masculino o femenino. [23]
Oficiales del partido
Se seleccionaron un total de 29 árbitros/árbitros de apoyo y 44 árbitros asistentes para el torneo. [24] [25]
Dibujar
El sorteo se llevó a cabo el 6 de diciembre de 2014 a las 12:00 hora estándar del este en el Museo Canadiense de la Naturaleza en Ottawa , Ontario, Canadá. [26] Los bombos de cabezas de serie se anunciaron el día anterior. Debido a que la UEFA clasificó a ocho equipos para el torneo final, que tenía solo seis grupos, dos grupos necesariamente tenían que contener dos equipos europeos. De lo contrario, ningún grupo podría tener más de un equipo de cualquier confederación. [27] A pesar de tener una clasificación FIFA más baja que Suecia e Inglaterra, Brasil fue sembrado por delante de ambos por "razones geográficas". [28] [29] [30] Antes del sorteo, el Comité Organizador colocó a los equipos cabezas de serie en los siguientes grupos: Alemania en el Grupo B, Japón en el Grupo C, Estados Unidos en el Grupo D, Brasil en el Grupo E y Francia en el Grupo F; Canadá ya estaba en el Grupo A como anfitrión del torneo. [31] No sacar los grupos para los equipos cabezas de serie ha generado algunas críticas. [32] [33] [34] Un portavoz de la FIFA confirmó más tarde que los equipos fueron asignados a ciertos grupos por razones promocionales. [35]
El grupo de la muerte de esta Copa Mundial de la FIFA fue el Grupo D, con tres equipos entre los 10 primeros del ranking: Estados Unidos (2), Suecia (5) y Australia (10). [36]
Fase de grupos
Los 24 equipos del torneo se organizaron en 6 grupos denominados de la A a la F. El calendario provisional de partidos del torneo se publicó el 21 de marzo de 2013, [37] con el anfitrión, Canadá, en la posición A1. El calendario final con los horarios de los partidos se publicó el mismo día, justo después de que se realizó el sorteo. [38]
En la primera ronda, o fase de grupos, los veinticuatro equipos se dividieron en seis grupos de cuatro equipos. Cada grupo jugó en un formato de todos contra todos de seis partidos, donde cada equipo jugó un partido contra cada uno de los otros equipos del mismo grupo. Los equipos recibieron tres puntos por victoria, un punto por empate y ninguno por derrota. Los ganadores y subcampeones de cada grupo, así como los cuatro mejores terceros clasificados, se clasificaron para la primera ronda de la fase eliminatoria. [20]
Clasificación de los equipos que ocupan el tercer puesto
Los cuatro mejores terceros lugares de los seis grupos avanzaron a la fase eliminatoria junto con los seis ganadores de grupo y los seis subcampeones. [20]
Fuente: Reglas FIFA para la clasificación: 1) Puntos; 2) Diferencia de goles; 3) Goles marcados; 4) Sorteo.
Fase eliminatoria
La fase eliminatoria comprendía a los 16 equipos que avanzaban desde la fase de grupos del torneo. Había cuatro rondas de partidos, y en cada ronda se eliminaba a la mitad de los equipos que entraban en esa ronda. Las rondas sucesivas eran los octavos de final, los cuartos de final, las semifinales y la final. También había un partido para decidir el tercer y cuarto puesto. Para cada partido de la fase eliminatoria, cualquier empate a los 90 minutos era seguido por 30 minutos de tiempo extra ; si los resultados seguían empatados, había una tanda de penaltis para determinar quién avanzaba a la siguiente ronda. [20] Las tarjetas amarillas individuales acumuladas se cancelaban después de los cuartos de final, lo que garantizaba que ningún jugador se perdiera la final por recibir una amonestación en las semifinales. [75]
Los siguientes premios se entregaron al concluir el torneo. [100] Los premios Balón de Oro (mejor jugador en general), Bota de Oro (máximo goleador) y Guante de Oro (mejor portero) fueron patrocinados por Adidas , mientras que los premios al Mejor Jugador Joven y al Gol del Torneo fueron patrocinados por Hyundai Motor Company . [101] FIFA.com seleccionó doce goles para que los usuarios votaran como los mejores del torneo, [102] y la encuesta cerró el 13 de julio de 2015. [103]
El 2 de julio de 2015, tras las semifinales, la FIFA anunció las listas de candidatos a tres de los premios del torneo. [104] [105] Los siguientes candidatos finalmente no fueron seleccionados:
El equipo de estrellas elegido por el Grupo de Estudio Técnico de la FIFA está compuesto por los siguientes jugadores: [106]
Equipo de ensueño
El Dream Team elegido por los usuarios de fifa.com está formado por los siguientes jugadores y entrenador: [107]
Premio en dinero
El premio total ofrecido por la FIFA para el torneo fue de 15 millones de dólares estadounidenses . [108] El equipo ganador, Estados Unidos, recibió 2 millones de dólares. [108]
Estadística
Goleadores
En 52 partidos se marcaron 146 goles, lo que supone una media de 2,81 goles por partido. Las máximas goleadoras fueron Célia Šašić de Alemania y Carli Lloyd de Estados Unidos, con seis goles.
Per statistical convention in soccer, matches decided in extra time are counted as wins and losses, while matches decided by penalty shoot-outs are counted as draws.
Source: FIFA Technical Report[110] (H) Hosts
Controversies
All of the tournament's venues had fields composed of artificial turf, which some players believe results in a higher risk of injuries to players. More than 50 players protested the use of the surface instead of grass on the basis of gender discrimination. They filed a lawsuit challenging FIFA's decision to play on artificial turf, claiming FIFA would never allow the men's World Cup to be played on "unsafe" artificial turf and thus the organizers had violated the Canadian Human Rights Act.[111][112][113] 2012 Women's World Player of the Year Abby Wambach noted "The men would strike playing on artificial turf."[114] The controversial issue of gender equality and an equal playing field for all sparked debate in many countries around the world. An application filed on 1 October 2014 with the Ontario Human Rights Tribunal by a group of women's international soccer players against FIFA and the Canadian Soccer Association noted that, in 1994, FIFA spent $2 million to plant natural grass over artificial turf in New Jersey and Detroit.[115][116] Some celebrities and prominent players showed their support for the women soccer players in defence of their lawsuit, including United States men's team keeper Tim Howard. Even with the possibility of boycotts, FIFA's head of women's competitions, Tatjana Haenni, made it clear "We play on artificial turf and there's no Plan B."[117][118] In January 2015, the lawsuit was withdrawn by the players.[119]
Fox commentator Julie Stewart-Binks measured the turf temperature at several games. On 21 June at the Canada vs Switzerland round of 16 game in Vancouver, she reported that her thermometer was "officially broken". Her thermometer appears to max out at 120 °F (49 °C).[120]
During the tournament, Australian striker Michelle Heyman slammed the playing conditions, saying the turf is like "walking on hot coals" and the players feet "just turn white, your skin is all ripped off".[121]
Prior to the start of the Australia vs Japan quarterfinal in Edmonton on 27 June, Fox commentator Kyndra de St. Aubin measured the air temperature at 82 °F (28 °C) and the turf temperature at 150 °F (66 °C). Despite such dangerous conditions, officials decided against taking cooling breaks during the match because the air temperature was under 32 °C (90 °F). As the game wore on, players appeared noticeably exhausted due to the playing conditions.[122]
Attendance was largely inflated by FIFA as single tickets were sold for double-headers during the group stages. "This allows FIFA to report the combined attendance for both matches as the attendance for each match when in reality the true attendance for one or both matches is likely to be much different."[123]
Broadcasting
Fox Sports' studio for the Women's World Cup at Jack Poole Plaza; the tournament marked one of their first under a new rights agreement for FIFA tournaments.
The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup was one of the first FIFA tournaments under new rights deals in two North American markets. In its host country of Canada, Bell Media acquired the broadcast rights; the competition was televised by CTV and TSN in English, as well as Réseau des sports (RDS) in French.[124][125] In the United States, English-language television rights were held by Fox Sports with coverage carried on the main Fox broadcast network, along with the Fox Sports 1 and Fox Sports 2 pay TV channels. Spanish-language rights were held by Telemundo and sister cable network NBC Universo.[126] Fox constructed a temporary studio for the Women's World Cup at Jack Poole Plaza in Vancouver, located outside the Vancouver Convention Centre.[127][128]
In December 2014, the European Broadcasting Union extended its rights to FIFA tournaments for its members in 37 countries, including the 2015 Women's World Cup.[129] In the United Kingdom, all matches from the tournament were shown by the BBC via BBC One, BBC Two, BBC Three and BBC Red Button on TV and Radio 5 Live on radio.[130] In Australia, SBS aired all 52 matches live online, and televised 41 matches live, with the only matches not televised live being those which aired concurrently.[131]
In the final week of the tournament, the Canadian government added Gazprom to a list of organizations sanctioned for supporting the Russian annexation of Crimea. Media suggested the addition was delayed to reduce embarrassment to FIFA.[136]
^Even though England were one of the top three UEFA teams in the World Cup, they were not eligible to play at the Olympics. The English Football Association (FA) is affiliated to the British Olympic Association and on 2 March 2015 said it wanted a British Olympic team to compete if England earned a place.[78] Following strong objections from the Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish football associations, and a commitment from FIFA that they would not allow entry of a British team unless all four Home Nations agreed, the FA announced on 30 March 2015 that they would not seek entry into the Olympic tournament.[79] Similar circumstances prevented them from playing in the 2008 Olympics, when England finished as one of the top three UEFA teams in the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup.[80]Great Britain did compete in 2012 as the host nation.
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