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Gacko (Serbian Cyrillic: Гацко) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in the region of East Herzegovina. As of 2013, the town has a population of 5,784 inhabitants, while the municipality has 8,990 inhabitants.
The municipality covers an area of 736 km2 (284 sq mi), making it one of the largest municipalities in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The town is near the state border with Montenegro.
In the 14th century the region was governed by the powerful Vojinović family.[1]
In 1359, veliki čelnik Dimitrije controlled the region.[2]
The rebels were defeated at the field of Gacko. This was ultimately due to the lack of foreign support.[3]
Austro-Hungarian authorities took it over in 1878, a decision which was made at the Berlin Congress. In 1908, Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina sparking the Bosnian Crisis, which eventually led to World War I.
After the war, Gacko joined the State of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and later the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes by the end of 1918. These were the first moments of Yugoslavia's existence.
The Croatian fascist Ustaše movement committed the Gacko massacre on 4 June 1941. In response, on 6 June 1941 the rebels from Gacko under the command of Orthodox priest Radojica Perišić started the uprising against the genocidal Independent State of Croatia known as the June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina. The communist historiography intentionally ignored the pre-22 June rebels in Eastern Herzegovina and Sanski Most, because they occurred in the period of collaboration between the communists and fascists, therefore contradicting the communist narrative about rebels being led by communists.[4] On the other hand, the first Partisan battalion established in Gacko at the end of 1941 was named "6th June" in honor of the first date of the uprising.[5] During the period after the Fall of the Berlin Wall, the Gacko municipality proclaimed 6 June as their holiday in honor of the beginning of the uprising and held public ceremonies on 6 June named the Day of Gacko.[6]
During the Bosnian War most of the non-Serb population of Gacko and East Herzegovina was driven out or murdered by the VRS and affiliated Serb nationalist paramilitary[7][8] groups during the creation of the then self-declared Republika Srpska entity.
Aside from the town of Gacko, the municipality includes the following settlements:
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