Cloperastine (INN) or cloperastin, in the forms of cloperastine hydrochloride (JAN) (brand names Hustazol, Nitossil, Seki) and cloperastine fendizoate, is an antitussive and antihistamine that is marketed as a cough suppressant in Japan, Hong Kong, and in some European countries.[1][2][3] It was first introduced in 1972 in Japan, and then in Italy in 1981.[4]
Side effects
Adverse effects may include sedation, drowsiness, heartburn, and thickening of bronchial secretions.[5]
The halogenation of 4-Chlorobenzhydrol [119-56-2] (1) with phosphorus tribromide in tetrachloromethane gives 1-(Bromophenylmethyl)-4-chlorobenzene [948-54-9] (2). Treatment with ethylenechlorohydrin (2-Chloroethanol) [107-07-3] (3) gives 1-(4-Chlorobenzhydryl)oxy-2-chloroethane [5321-46-0] (4). Reaction with piperidine (5) completes the synthesis of Cloperastine (6).
^Elks J (14 November 2014). The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer. pp. 301–. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3.
^Swiss Pharmaceutial Society, ed. (January 2000). Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory. Taylor & Francis. pp. 261–. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1.
^ a b cCatania MA, Cuzzocrea S (2011). "Pharmacological and clinical overview of cloperastine in treatment of cough". Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 7: 83–92. doi:10.2147/TCRM.S16643. PMC 3061847. PMID 21445282.
^William Andrew Publishing (22 October 2013). Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia. Elsevier. pp. 1103–. ISBN 978-0-8155-1856-3.
^Schlesser JL (1991). Drugs Available Abroad, 1st Edition. Derwent Publications Ltd. p. 29. ISBN 0-8103-7177-4.
^ a b cGregori-Puigjané E, Setola V, Hert J, Crews BA, Irwin JJ, Lounkine E, et al. (July 2012). "Identifying mechanism-of-action targets for drugs and probes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (28): 11178–83. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10911178G. doi:10.1073/pnas.1204524109. PMC 3396511. PMID 22711801.
^ a bChung KF, Widdicombe J (30 September 2008). Pharmacology and Therapeutics of Cough. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 230–. ISBN 9783540798422.
^Soeda F, Fujieda Y, Kinoshita M, Shirasaki T, Takahama K (May 2016). "Centrally acting non-narcotic antitussives prevent hyperactivity in mice: Involvement of GIRK channels". Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior. 144: 26–32. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2016.02.006. ISBN 978-3-540-79842-2. OCLC 612742272. PMID 26892760. S2CID 30118634.
^Yamamoto G, Soeda F, Shirasaki T, Takahama K (April 2011). "[Is the GIRK channel a possible target in the development of a novel therapeutic drug of urinary disturbance?]". Yakugaku Zasshi. 131 (4): 523–32. doi:10.1248/yakushi.131.523. PMID 21467791.
^Korolkovas A (16 August 1988). Essentials of Medicinal Chemistry. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-88356-2.
^Arnold H, Brock N, Kuhas E, Lorenz D (March 1954). "[Effect of antihistaminic substances. I. Chemical constitution and pharmacological effect of the basic benzhydrylethers]". Arzneimittel-Forschung. 4 (3): 189–194. PMID 13159698.
^Anon., GB 1179945 (1970 to Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical).
^Anon., GB 670622 (1952 to Parke Davis & Co).
^Laura Puricelli, EP 0894794 (1999 to AESCULAPIUS FARMACEUTICI S.r.l.).
^陶文潘, 潘文驰, 潘兴长, 罗泳萍, 樊希祥, CN 104327014A (2015 to 重庆市恒安化工有限公司).